光纤传感技术在物联网中的应用

现如今,物联网已经发展成为了一个研究热点,而光纤传感技术在物联网的发展中也得到了广泛的应用,并引起了广泛的关注。物联网的核心部件为传感器,特别是光纤传感器,它和其它的类型的传感器所不具有的优势,而物联网主要有四个技术构层,它们是应用接口、数据处理技术、数据传输网络和传输网络,在物联网中我们将会看到有大量的各种各样的传感器的存在,这些传感器可以用来感知不同的环境参数,比如温度、重力、光电、声音、震动和位移,这些传感器为物联网提供最原始的数据信息。当前,光纤传感技术在物联网中的应用引起社会各界的高度关注。本文主要对物联网的界定、构成以及光纤传感器的原理和发展现状进行了深入的探讨和分析,并且重点是对光纤传感技术在物联网中的应用加以详细阐述。希望可以通过本文的论述,能够对今后光纤传感技术在物联网中的应用产生一些积极影响。     

eScience in the Social Cloud

Social networks offer great potential for fostering collaboration between individuals and amongst groups. This potential collaborative environment is not only applicable for recreation, but can also provide considerable value to diverse research communities. For this reason scientists are increasingly utilizing social networking concepts in projects to form groups, share information, publicize their work and communicate with their peers. This article describes two different approaches to supporting eScience, by providing scientific computing and collaboration within what we term the Social Cloud. In our first approach the social network is used as a collaborative overlay, in combination with the ad hoc creation of infrastructure composed of virtual machine clusters built from resources contributed, by the users, to the Social Cloud. Our second approach is based around the principle of volunteer computing, where the Social Cloud provides researchers with a platform to exploit social networks by reaching out to non technical users who would otherwise be unlikely to donate computational time for scientific and other research. In this article we specifically explore the motivations of users to contribute computational time and examine the various ways these motivations can be catered to through the use of incentives in existing social networks.     

Virtual worlds — past, present, and future: New directions in social computing

Virtual worlds, where thousands of people can interact simultaneously within the same three-dimensional environment, represent a frontier in social computing with critical implications for business, education, social sciences, and our society at large. In this paper, we first trace the history of virtual worlds back to its antecedents in electronic gaming and on-line social networking. We then provide an overview of extant virtual worlds, including education-focused, theme-based, community-specific, children-focused, and self-determined worlds – and we analyze the relationship among these worlds according to an initial taxonomy for the area. Recognizing the apparent leadership of Second Life among today's self-determined virtual worlds, we present a detailed case study of this environment, including surveys of 138 residents regarding how they perceive and utilize the environment. Lastly, we provide a literature review of existing virtual world research, with a focus on business research, and a condensed summary of research issues in education, social sciences, and humanities.     

A survey on big data-driven digital phenotyping of mental health

The landscape of mental health has undergone tremendous changes within the last two decades, but the research on mental health is still at the initial stage with substantial knowledge gaps and the lack of precise diagnosis. Nowadays, big data and artificial intelligence offer new opportunities for the screening and prediction of mental problems. In this review paper, we outline the vision of digital phenotyping of mental health (DPMH) by fusing the enriched data from ubiquitous sensors, social media and healthcare systems, and present a broad overview of DPMH from sensing and computing perspectives. We first conduct a systematical literature review and propose the research framework, which highlights the key aspects related with mental health, and discuss the challenges elicited by the enriched data for digital phenotyping. Next, five key research strands including affect recognition, cognitive analytics, behavioral anomaly detection, social analytics, and biomarker analytics are unfolded in the psychiatric context. Finally, we discuss various open issues and the corresponding solutions to underpin the digital phenotyping of mental health.     

以人为中心的感知

随着嵌入式技术、移动计算技术和无线传感器网络技术的发展,越来越多的可移动的通信和存储设备上嵌入了传感器,比如,手机上的方位传感器、震动传感器(实际上,手机的话筒和摄像头也是传感器),以及嵌入到MP3播放器中的脉搏传感器,等等.这些移动设备上的传感器可以采集与人们的行动、社会交往等息息相关的个人信息.此外,随着成本的下降,这些具有感知功能的移动通信设备的持有量不断提高,再加上Internet中社会网络软件的广泛使用,一类新的感知应用应运而生-以人为中心的感知(People-Centric Sensing,PCS).PCS不仅是一个新的研究领域,而且具有巨大的潜在应用价值,近几年来引起了学术界和工业界的高度关注.该文介绍了PCS的概念、特征以及重要的研究问题和挑战,并概述了PCS的研究现状.     

Pervasive computing at scale: Transforming the state of the art

The remarkable recent progress in computing power, sensors and embedded devices, smart phones, wireless communications and networking technologies, combined with emerging data mining techniques, cloud computing and social networking paradigms has enabled us to create pervasive computing systems and services with diverse applications and global accessibility. In this paper, we assess the current state of the art of pervasive computing at scale (PeCS) and look ahead to future directions the field can pursue together with challenges it will need to overcome.     

无线传感器网络研究综述

无线传感器网络作为计算、通信和传感器三项技术相结合的产物，是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术。在简要介绍无线传感器网络体系结构的基础上，分析和展望了一些有价值的应用领域。结合已有研究，从数据采集、数据计算和路由协议三方面介绍无线传感器网络的研究现状，并着重介绍了目前无线传感器网络采用的路由技术，最后指出了下一步的研究方向。     

An online collaborative document creation exercise in an ODL research project module

Online technologies to support collaborative learning provide lecturers in distance higher education with ever more opportunities to extend their teaching in beneficial ways. Students are also increasingly familiar with the online environment via social networking sites. How well this familiarity with online environments translates into the online collaborative learning space in an open distance learning context was examined. We report here on one cycle of an action research project involving 11 fourth-year computing students producing shared survey questionnaires and interview questions collaboratively online. Feedback on the collaboration exercise was obtained by means of a questionnaire which was analysed using grounded theory techniques. The expectation was that collaborative text creation software would be used but somewhat surprisingly, given their academic background, the students used email as the tool of choice. The students' reflections on the collaborative process showed that they noted and appreciated the benefits of collaborative work but also confirmed some of the previously reported frustrations of online collaborative work – in particular differences in levels of commitment and effort, and the free rider effect. Overall, the results pointed to the need for lecturers to be involved in a collaborative process to critically question and guide choices being made.     

水下信息物理系统探测–通信–控制一体化: 挑战与进展

水下信息物理系统是集计算、通信和控制于一体的水下智能系统, 包括水下探测与采集、通信与组网、控 制与决策等过程. 目前, 水下信息物理系统探测–通信–控制一体化理论体系尚处于构建之中, 相关研究正面临诸多 亟待解决的难题. 为此, 本文简述了水下信息物理系统的内涵与主要特征, 分析了水下探测–通信–控制一体化研究 面临的挑战与关键问题; 综述了水下立体探测、通信组网、协同控制等关键技术的研究进展; 对水下信息物理系统 探测–通信–控制一体化未来值得深入探究的研究方向进行了总结与展望.     

一种基于元组空间的智能传感器协同感知机制

随着具有一定计算能力和无线通信能力的智能传感器(称为mote)的出现,越来越多的物联网应用可以实现对环境及其变化的就地感知、就地决策和就地反应.但因为mote的感知能力和感知范围有限,它们需要协同感知才能更全面地感知环境的状态,才能更好地适应环境的变化.而传统的mote协同感知的实现方法要求开发人员过多地关注mote之间的交互逻辑,并且mote应用也无法适应复杂环境的不断变化.为了避免开发人员在交互逻辑上花费过多的精力,同时保障开发出来的mote应用系统能够适应不稳定的外界环境,提出了一种基于元组空间的mote协同感知支撑机制,使得mote之间的协同感知过程(包括交互的建立过程以及对环境变化的适应过程)对开发人员完全透明.最后实现了一个简单的应用场景,展示了该方法如何满足功能需求以及在环境发生变化时如何对环境进行适应.     

Cross-community context management in Cooperating Smart Spaces

Recently, social networks have become the most prevalent IT paradigm, as the vast majority of Internet users maintain one or multiple social networking accounts. These accounts, irrespectively of the underlying service, contain rich information and data for the owner’s preferences, social skills, everyday activities, beliefs and interests. Along with these services, the computation, sensing and networking capabilities of the state of the art mobile and portable devices, with their always-on mode, assist users in their everyday lives. Thus, the integration of social networking services with current pervasive computing systems could provide the users with the potential to interact with other users that have similar interests, preferences and expectations; and in general, the same or similar context, for limited or not time periods, in order to ameliorate their overall experience, communicate, socialise and improve their everyday activities with minimal effort. This paper introduces a cross-community context management framework that is suitable for Cooperating Smart Spaces, which couple the advantages of pervasive computing and social networking. This framework goes beyond the state of the art, among others, in that cross-community context from a multitude of sources is collected and processed to enhance the end user experience and increase the perceived value of the services provided.     

基于知识图谱的国际协同计算领域可视化分析

通过CiteSpace对Web of Science的SCI数据库中收录的协同计算领域的2 297篇文献进行分析,具体对国际协同计算领域的发文量时间分布、研究力量及合作、研究方向、研究主流、发展演变过程、研究热点及前沿进行了分析。结果表明该领域的研究正处于上升期;国家、地区以美国、中国和欧洲为核心,其研究机构以美国和中国的机构为核心,虽然我国已经具备了一定的科研实力,但缺乏该领域的高产研究者,总体来看欧洲各国之间的合作最为密切;研究方向的构成以计算机科学为主;Foster I为该领域中最具影响力的主流研究者,该领域的主流期刊（文献）包括Lecture Notes in Computer Science、Commun ACM等,主流分支领域包括网格计算等9部分;发展演变过程为前期相关研究-分布式计算-网格计算-云计算,同时穿插协同过滤的发展路径;云计算、网格计算等关键词代表了当前该领域的热点,网格计算、云计算、分布式计算、网络服务、协同过滤等关键词则代表了当前该领域的前沿,且已经广泛渗透、融合到生物学、病理学、气候学、教育学、企业信息系统、社会网络、多媒体、文本分析、产学研等领域中,体现了协同计算这一领域具有较强的跨学科特点。     

以网络为中心的协同特征造型

在网络化同步协同设计环境中,如何实现CAD系统之间的实时数据交换和模型同步,成为协同几何造型的关键问题。文中提出了一种新的复制式协同特征造型方法,该方法将现有的特征造型技术与分布计算、网络通信技术相结合,通过简单的造型消息交换来实现增量式协同造型,可以较好地满足几何模型实时同步的需要,而且也部分地解决了异构CAD软件之间的数据交换问题;并详细地介绍了协同造型通信协议、对象引用机制、以及分布式协同造型系统。     

A collaborative face-to-face design support system based on sketching and gesturing

Mobile and pervasive computing has seen a rapid development in the last years. Portable, handheld computing devices are getting more popular as their capabilities increase. Therefore, people having the need to work on-the-field have now the possibility to be supported by computer technology, for example, garden or building designers. Ad-hoc networking capabilities of handheld devices enable the development of supporting tools for collaborative work anywhere. This paper presents MCSketcher, a system that enables face-to-face collaborative design based on sketches using handheld devices equipped for spontaneous wireless peer-to-peer networking. It is especially targeted for supporting preliminary, in-the-field work, allowing designers to exchange ideas through sketches on empty sheets or over a recently taken photograph of the object being worked on, in a brainstorming-like working style. Pen-based designed human–computer interaction is the key to supporting collaborative work. The gestures-based command input results in a lightweight yet efficient and easy to use interface. Graph structured hierarchical documents help to overcome the problems of a small screen size.     

基于复杂适应性系统的众包翻译平台的模型与仿真

众包系统是一个复杂适应性系统,这一性质是提出新的众包平台研究方法的重要基础.众包是社会计算中一门新兴的研究领域,基于网络是众包的主要特征,互不相识的人们通过互联网进行合作创新和利润分成.不同的众包平台采用了不同的机制设计,良好的机制设计是众包平台稳定发展的基础.基于复杂适应系统,为研究众包平台提供了新的思路.以众包翻译平台为例,使用复杂适应性系统中的"主体"来模拟众包中各个角色,初步构建了众包平台中的主体模型,定义了主体的状态转换以及主体间行为和交互规则,最后,建立了一个简单的仿真框架,通过对多主体合作博弈过程的动态模拟来演示一个众包平台的发展过程,从而验证各种众包机制的合理性,为众包系统的平台设计、机制设计提供可靠和可信的依据,为研究众包平台提供了方便的模拟环境.     

Collaborative object-oriented visualization environment

In this paper, we present a Collaborative Object-oriented Visualization Environment (COVE) which provides a flexible and extensible framework for collaborative visualization. COVE integrates collaborative and parallel computing environments based on a distributed object model. It is built as a collection of concurrent objects: collaborative and application objects which interact with one another to construct collaborative parallel computing environments. The former enables COVE to execute various collaborative functions, while the latter allows it to execute fast parallel visualization in various modes. Also, flexibility and extensibility are provided by plugging the proper application objects into COVE at run-time, and making them interact with one another through collaboration objects. For our experiment, three visualization modes for volume rendering are designed and implemented to support the fast and flexible analysis of volume data in a collaborative environment. This work has been supported by KIPA-Information Technology Research Center, University research program by Ministry of Information & Communication, and Brain Korea 21 projects in 2005.     

Application specific study,analysis and classification of body area wireless sensor network applications

The evolution of wearable computing and advances in wearable sensor devices has motivated various applications of Body Area Sensor Networks (BASN). In the last few years body areas sensor networks have emerged as a major type of wireless sensor networks (WSN). This emerging networking technology can be used in various walks of life. A number of surveys have been published on MAC or the physical layer mechanism of BASN but very few have focused on studying it from the application point of view. In this paper, we first review, from literature, existing use of body area sensor network and classify and then its application domain. Within these application domains of BASN, we propose a feasibility of scenarios where BASN can be used for both application and technical aspects. In addition, we classify the use of BASN from literature, based on certain parameters. Finally, we discuss and highlight issues where further research can be conducted in the future.     

The importance of trust and community in developing and maintaining a community electronic network

Focusing on two rural cities in Minnesota, this paper analyses ways in which these communities have gone about providing information technology to their citizens. This paper will explain why one city has chosen to take an entrepreneurial approach to networking and the other city has chosen a more collaborative approach, promoting equal access for its citizens. Based on interviews, focus groups, and surveys in the two cities, we find that these divergent approaches are related to fundamental cultural differences in the two communities. One city seems to have a more pronounced reservoir of social capital, meaning that people in this community tend to be more trusting, have more cohesive social ties and are prone toward collaboration. Cooperation and social trust, particularly among community leaders, seem to have played large roles in triggering the development of a community electronic network. Moreover, we discover that political engagement and interpersonal trust among the citizenry in this city seem to be pivotal in sustaining and perpetuating the community endeavor.     

Review of information extraction technologies and applications

Information extraction (IE) is an important and growing field, in part because of the development of ubiquitous social media networking millions of people and producing huge collections of textual information. Mined information is being used in a wide array of application areas from targeted marketing of products to intelligence gathering for military and security needs. IE has its roots in artificial intelligence fields including machine learning, logic and search algorithms, computational linguistics, and pattern recognition. This review summarizes the history of IE, surveys the various uses of IE, identifies current technological accomplishments and challenges, and explores the role that neural and adaptive computing might play in future research. A goal for this review is also to encourage practitioners of neural and adaptive computing to look for interesting applications in the important emerging area of IE.     

Agent societies and social networks for ubiquitous computing

In ubiquitous computing environments, providing appropriate services and information to users at the right place in the right way is challenging for many reasons: different user interests, heterogeneous devices and services, dynamic networks, information overload, or differing privacy levels, for example. Agent technology is a paradigm expected to play an increasing role in complex computing environments, and due to the increasing popularity of social networking services, we expect to see the convergence of agent and social web technologies. The goal of this theme issue is to bring together state-of-the-art research contributions that examine the convergence of agent technologies and social networks for ubiquitous computing.