Harmonic current reduction in a three-phase diode bridge rectifier

A novel method for reducing harmonic currents on the AC supply side of a three-phase bridge rectifier is presented. The principle of the method is to modify the current waveforms in the DC windings of the converter transformer by injecting a third harmonic current into the neutral point of the transformer. Passive LC filters connected between the rectifier output and the secondary neutral point act as third harmonic current sources. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by laboratory recordings     

Analog computer simulation of a three-phase full-wave controlled rectifier bridge

This paper establishes analog computer simulations of the widely used three-phase full-wave controlled rectifier bridge. It is shown that when the individual currents in the legs of the rectifier bridge are not developed directly in the simulation, it is possible to avoid the instability and drift problems which have plagued previous investigators. Furthermore, by proper attention to the periodic nature of the operation of the rectifier bridge, the number of computer components may be considerably reduced. In particular, only two electronic switches need be used if the operating range of the delay angle is small. The unique features of the modern high-speed repetitive-operation type of analog computer are utilized throughout the analysis. Computation time is typically reduced by a factor of 300 when compared with existing digital computer routines. The accuracy of the simulation is illustrated by comparing the computer output to recordings taken from an actual system. Good correlation is demonstrated for both transient and steady-state operation.     

A novel three-phase single-switch discontinuous-mode AC-DCbuck-boost converter with high-quality input current waveforms andisolated output

In this paper, a new three-phase single-switch AC-DC flyback converter system is presented. The system operates in the discontinuous mode. The simple structure of its power and control circuit, low mains current distortion, and resistive fundamental behavior, as well as the high-frequency isolation of the controlled output voltage, have to be pointed out. Besides the analysis of the stationary operating behavior, the dependencies of the peak values, average values, and rms values of the device currents, and of the maximum blocking voltages across the power electronic devices on the circuit parameters, are given as analytic approximations. The theoretical analysis is verified by digital simulation     

Operating a three-phase diode rectifier with a low-input currentdistortion using a series-connected dual boost converter

This paper describes a technique for shaping the input current to a three-phase diode rectifier using a two-switch series-connected dual boost converter and a three-phase bidirectional switch circuit. Circuits are described for generating a single voltage DC output, “single DC-rail”, or a dual output DC voltage using center-tapped capacitors, “split DC-rail”. Both rectifier types can be operated with the boost inductors located either on the DC or the AC side of the rectifier. The resultant rectifier circuit configurations have an excellent immunity to the “shoot-through” fault condition and use active switching elements with low per-unit current ratings and low switching losses. These features increase the reliability factor and lower the cost penalty associated with unity fundamental power factor three-phase rectifiers. Test results are presented for the rectifiers using simulation and experimental results     

High-precision current conveyor implementation employing a current-steering output stage

An improved current conveyor circuit topology based around the use of a current-steering output stage, rather than the more usual current mirrors, is described in this paper. The primary benefit of this approach is a significantly enhanced current transfer linearity through reduced reliance on output-device matching requirements. Outline performance details are given for a discrete version of the circuit and a prototype IC fabricated using this technique.     

A 12 kW three-phase low THD rectifier with high-frequency isolation and regulated DC output

A robust 12 kW rectifier with low THD in the line currents, based on an 18-pulse transformer arrangement with reduced kVA capacities followed by a high-frequency isolation stage is presented in this work. Three full-bridge (buck-based) converters are used to allow galvanic isolation and to balance the dc-link currents, without current sensing or current controller. The topology provides a regulated dc output with a very simple and well-known control strategy and natural three-phase power factor correction. The phase-shift PWM technique, with zero-voltage switching is used for the high-frequency dc-dc stage. Analytical results from Fourier analysis of winding currents and the vector diagram of winding voltages are presented. Experimental results from a 12 kW prototype are shown in the paper to verify the efficiency, robustness and simplicity of the command circuitry to the proposed concept.     

峰值电流控制提高三相整流功率因数的方法

在对大电容滤波的三相不控整流电路仿真研究的基础上,指出了该电路存在的工程应用局限性。在分析电流谐波畸变与功率因数之间的理论关系的基础上,提出了一种峰值电流控制提高三相不控桥式整流电路功率因数的方法,并进行了试验验证,证明其在提高功率因数的同时,有效地降低了滤波电感的体积及重量,实现三相整流滤波电路的小型化设计,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Low-harmonic, three-phase rectifier that applies current injection and a passive resistance emulator

A new three-phase diode bridge rectifier that provides low harmonic distortion of the input currents applying current injection technique is proposed in this paper. The rectifier applies a novel passive resistance emulator consisting of four diodes and a transformer with the volt-ampere rating of 3.57% of the rectifier-rated power. Optimization of the transformer turns ratio is performed in order to minimize the input current total harmonic distortion (THD). It is shown that with the optimal turns ratio the input current THD equals 3.72%. Dependence of the input current THD on the load current is analyzed, and it is shown that at low load currents the rectifier operates in the discontinuous conduction mode with the THD of 7.79%. The analytical results are experimentally verified on a 2 kW rectifier, indicating that the input current THD lower than 8% is provided within a wide range of the load current variations applying simple circuitry.     

Indirect current control of a unity power factor sinusoidal currentboost type three-phase rectifier

The indirect current control scheme has evolved from the success of the hysteresis current controlled voltage regulated rectifier, which has been shown to be capable of: unity and even leading power factor operation; near sinusoidal current waveforms; and bilateral power transfer without the need of bi-directional solid state power switches. The advance consists of replacing the inner hysteresis current feedback loop by the standard sinusoidal PWM control and in the process saving the cost of the current measuring transducers. The scheme is evaluated through tests on 1 KW size laboratory models and through digital simulations. A theory of the system dynamics is developed and stability boundaries are presented     

A simple input current wave-shaping technique for three-phase diode and SCR converters

Three-phase converters using diode or silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) are widely employed to convert the commercial AC supply to DC. Such converters inject harmonics into the power supply system and thereby distort supply system voltage waveform. A simple input current wave-shape improvement technique using a shunt-connected harmonic current compensator is presented in this work, intended to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current of three-phase diode and SCR phase-controlled rectifiers operating with inductive loads, by matching them to the specific converter as a combined package. The compensator proposed here comprises of a three-limb voltage source converter using insulated-gate bipolar transistor, working on instantaneous current and voltage measurements of the compensator only and not of the load. The technique uses a simple feedforward control for AC source current harmonic compensation of rectifiers without monitoring the AC line currents, i.e. use of online computation. The proposed system is simulated and tested on a laboratory prototype. The measured input current THD values without additional line filters are found to be below 8.3%, which is within acceptable limits, proving that the new technique is capable of compensating predetermined current harmonics of diode or SCRs.     

A novel three-phase utility interface minimizing line currentharmonics of high-power telecommunications rectifier modules

Based on the combination of a three-phase diode bridge and a DC/DC boost converter, a new three-phase three-switch three-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) rectifier system is developed. It can be characterized by sinusoidal mains current consumption, controlled output voltage, and low-blocking voltage stress on the power transistors. The application could be, e.g., for feeding the DC link of a telecommunications power supply module. The stationary operational behavior, the control of the mains currents, and the control of the output voltage are analyzed. Finally, the stresses on the system components are determined by digital simulation and compared to the stresses in a conventional six-switch two-level PWM rectifier system     

ESR and capacitance monitoring of a dc-link capacitor used in a three-phase PWM inverter with a front-end diode rectifier

Condition monitoring plays an important role in estimating health condition of capacitors because the ageing of the capacitors is usually accompanied by an increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR) and a decrease in capacitance. Either capacitance or ESR cannot be a unique indicator of the lifetime of capacitors in some cases. This paper presents a condition monitoring method of a dc-link capacitor used in a three-phase PWM inverter with a front-end diode rectifier intended for motor drives. The monitoring method extracts both the ESR and capacitance of a capacitor under test from the actual ripple current and voltage without disconnecting the capacitor nor injecting an additional current. The monitoring method, therefore, can be implemented online. Experimental results verify that the monitoring method independently obtains the ESR and capacitance changes of the capacitor under test. This contributes to accurate lifetime estimation of dc-link capacitors.     

A novel and simple current controller for three-phase PWM powerinverters

A new feedback current controller for three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power inverters is presented. To achieve robustness, fast dynamical response, reduced switching frequency, and simple hardware implementation, an improved three-level hysteresis sliding-mode controller is used. All voltage vectors are accurately selected in order to minimize the current error     

一种恒流输出大屏幕LED驱动CMOS芯片的电路设计

LED显示屏已经成为各类户外户内的广告宣传展示的首选媒介。LED以其寿命长,功耗低节能环保的优点,深受照明和显示行业的欢迎。因此,LED的驱动芯片在市场上也有很大的需求。本文介绍了一种恒流输出大屏幕LED驱动CMOS芯片的设计,工作电压范围是3.3V-5.5V,工作温度范围是-40℃-125℃。该驱动芯片对恒流输出和各路匹配性进行针对性的设计。以外接电流共同调节16路恒流电流大小,串行数字输入输出分别控制16路使能状态,使能端输入PWM信号,对恒流输出进行脉宽调节。该芯片使用HSPICE软件仿真工具设计,并采用HYNIX0.5μm工艺制作,测试验证结果表明,各路恒流输出位间电流误差最大为±2%.     

A full-wave rectifier using a current conveyor and current mirrors

The realization of a full-wave rectifier using a current conveyor and current mirrors is presented. The proposed rectifier is composed of a voltage-to-current converter, a current mode full-wave rectifier, and a current-to-voltage converter. A voltage input signal is changed into a current signal by the voltage-to-current converter. The current mode full-wave rectifier rectifies this current signal resulting in the current full-wave output signal that is converted into a voltage full-wave output signal by one grounded-resistor. The theory of operation is described. The simulation and experiment results are used to verify the theoretical prediction. Simulated results show that the proposed rectifier yields the minimum voltage rectification to 94µV. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed rectifier for 50mV_peak signal rectification.     

A novel load current control method for a leading power factorvoltage source PWM rectifier

A novel PWM voltage source rectifier, controlled by the load DC current instead of the DC voltage, has been developed. Its main characteristics are: (a) there is neither input current sensors nor DC voltage sensor; (b) it works with an unchangeable and predefined PWM pattern; (c) it presents a very strong stability; (d) its stability does not depend on the size of the DC capacitor; (e) it can work at leading power factor for all load conditions; and (f) it can also work with zero regulation for all load conditions. Digital simulations, analyses, and experiments confirm all these characteristics of the control method     

A new UPS topology employing a PFC boost rectifier cascadedhigh-frequency tri-port converter

A new uninterruptible power supply (UPS) topology using the high-frequency tri-port UPS technique is proposed which presents the advantages of no-break power, low cost, input unity power factor, high power density, and high power conversion efficiency. Through the proposed circuit configuration, charging concept, and control strategy, the battery management is easily obtained by controlling the output voltage of the power-factor-correction (PFC) converter, which results in no additional power device being required for charging. The implementing circuit of the charging method is submitted to perform the two-stage charging, constant current charging, and constant voltage charging. The proposed technologies can be applied to the switching power supply with built-in UPS function featuring a low-cost solution for computer equipment, Finally, an experimental AC online UPS is built to verify the proposed concept, analysis, and control strategy     

A novel control method for three-phase PWM rectifiers using asingle current sensor

This paper proposes a control method for three-phase voltage-source PWM rectifiers using only a single current sensor in the DC-link. A PWM modulation strategy for reconstructing three phase currents from the DC-link current is given. When 3φ input currents cannot be reconstructed, a method for modifying the switching state of the PWM rectifier and a method for the predictive state observer is proposed. Compensation of the 2 sampling delays is also included, and this method is combined with all of the experiments. Performance differences between the two methods in a typical voltage source PWM rectifier are investigated experimentally