ABS／PVC共混改性的研究

考察了PVC含量对ABS/PVC共混体系性能的影响。为了进一步提高共混体系的性能，在体系中分别加入CPE、MBS做为第三组分。通过性能比较，发现MBS可有效提高共混体系的综合性能。为了增加共混体系的阻燃性能，加入助阻燃剂Sb2O3，结果表明共混体系的阻燃性能有了很大提高。     

高流动、高韧性阻燃ABS的研制

采用熔融挤出的方法制备了高流动、高韧性阻燃ABS。研究了阻燃剂、热塑性弹性体（SBS）、氯化聚乙烯（CPE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和纳米SiO2对ABS树脂力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明：溴-锑阻燃剂的用量在13．5％～18％时，ABS树脂可以达到很好的阻燃效果，但它同时也使ABS树脂的冲击强度下降很多；在阻燃ABS体系中加入SBS或CPE或PVC以及CPE与PVC的混合物，可以提高ABS树脂的冲击强度；采用CPE和PVC以及纳米SiO2等材料组成的配方体系，可以制得高流动、高韧性阻燃ABS树脂，该树脂具有良好的力学性能和阻燃性能。     

增韧改性剂对ABS/DBDPE/Sb_2O_3共混体系性能的影响

研究了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)、ABS粉料、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)和聚硅氧烷几种改性剂对ABS/DBDPE/Sb2O3体系的增韧作用。结果表明,SBS、CPE、ABS粉料、MBS和聚硅氧烷对阻燃ABS复合材料有很好的增韧作用,可获得具有良好阻燃性能和物理机械性能的复合材料,其中加入CPE、MBS及聚硅氧烷并不影响复合材料的阻燃性能。     

ABS/PVC/CPE共混体系的力学性能

研究了填充改性丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)三元共聚物、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和CPE三元共混体系力学性能与结构的关系。结果表明，在ABS／PVC共混体系中加入增容剂氯化聚乙烯(CPE)后，提高了共混体系的相容性和机械力学性能；随着共混体系中CPE用量的增加，ABS／PVC／CPE共混体系的冲击强度、断裂伸长率上升，拉伸强度下降，而弹性模量则出现了极大值。     

用氯化聚乙烯改善聚氯乙烯的冲击强度

氯化聚乙烯(CPE)是聚氯乙烯(PVC)最常用的冲击改性剂之一,常用于PVC的增韧改性。本文从相容性、共混物形态与体系性能的关系,影响共混物形态及冲击强度的因素及共混体系的不可逆形变4个方面介绍了采用CPE改善PVC冲击性能,从而找出了提高PVC/CPE共混体系冲击强度的最佳途径。     

PVC/CPE/GF复合材料制备及力学性能

采用玻璃纤维(GF)及氯化聚乙烯(CPE)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)协同增韧改性。研究表明,当共混体系中有一定量的GF时,CPE的加入不仅能够改善共混物的韧性,还能够促进GF在PVC基体中的分散,两者协同增韧。随着CPE加入量的增加,GF分散效果增强,PVC/CPE/GF共混物的硬度呈现先显著增强后缓慢增强的趋势、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率逐渐上升、拉伸弹性模量先升高后下降,增韧效果明显。当经过硅烷偶联剂KH–550处理过的GF的质量一定,CPE用量为配方总质量的15%~20%之间时,通过PVC/CPE/GF共混物样条冲击断面的扫描电子显微镜观察可见,GF在基体中分散均匀,与基体粘结紧密,断面产生了大量有规则的网丝结构,增韧效果最佳。     

CPVC/ABS/CPE三元共混体系的组成与性能关系研究

研究了氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)和氯化聚乙烯(CPE)三元共混体系的组成与性能之间的关系。结果表明,ABS树脂可以有效降低CPVC/ABS/CPE三元共混体系的平衡扭矩,缩短三元共混体系的塑化时间,改善其流动性;当CPE含量固定、共混体系中CPVC与ABS的质量比为7:3时,共混体系的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度达到最佳,共混体系具有较好的综合力学性能;随着CPE含量的增加,三元共混体系的缺口冲击强度显著提高,CPE对三元共混体系具有优良的增韧作用,用量以15份为宜。     

弹性体在车用仪表板表皮材料中的应用

利用DSC和SEM等方法研究了弹性体在汽车仪表板表皮材料用PVC/ABS软质合金中的作用。结果表明,在PVC/ABS共混体系中加入弹性体CPE、NBR后,有助于提高共混体系的相容性,从而使得PVC/ABS共混体系的机械强度和加工性能也发生变化。     

PC/ABS塑料合金的开发与应用

研究了ABS和PVC对PC/ABS共混体系力学性能的影响.结果表明,ABS和PVC对PC/ABS塑料合金具有明显的增韧和提高加工性能的作用.     

活性高岭土的NBR复合增韧PVC／CPE体系的性能研究

采用高温煅烧和偶联剂改性方法获得活性高岭土,并将其与NBR、PVC、CPE进行共混实验。分别对不同配方复合材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和熔体粘度及加工塑化时间进行了测定。结果表明适量的活性高岭土不仅具有填充性能,而且与NBR能复合增韧增强PVC／CPE体系,并改善加工性能,当活性高岭土／NBR／CPE／PVC＝16／8／4／100左右,复合材料在成本、力学性能和加工性能方面表现出较好的综合性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.