束纱引纬技术在变化经重平织物生产中的应用

 为提高变化经重平织物在喷气织机上的入纬率,在分析变化经重平织物的组织结构特点基础上,探讨喷气织机织造变化经重平织物的新方法及其工艺。研究表明,在具有多色引纬和电子送经、电子卷取、变纬密等功能的喷气织机上,采用束纱引纬织造技术,可用平纹凸轮开口机构织造变化经重平织物。每次开口时按设定的引纬顺序,可引入不同根数的纬纱。织机的送经和卷取机构按引入的纬纱根数不同送出相应的经纱长度,并将相应的织物长度引离织口,从而实现变化经重平织物的织造。生产实践证明,采用束纱引纬织造技术生产变化经重平织物,能提高织机的运转速度、入纬率和产量,降低生产成本,增加企业的经济效益。     

细特高密六重纬贡缎织物的开发与生产

介绍了细特高密六重纬经面缎织物的开发过程和产品特点,探讨了喷气织机制织全棉细特高密六重纬贡缎织物的束纱引纬织造技术和生产工艺关键.喷气织机采用束纱引纬织造技术生产重纬织物,增加了每次引入梭口的纬纱根数,可以在织机速度不变的条件下,有效提高喷气织机的入纬率.并通过优化工艺,减少了束纱引纬织造中的纬缩和缺纬织疵,提高了织物质量,实现喷气织造的优质、高产、节气、节能,为进一步开发细特高密多重纬织物提供参考.     

喷气织机束纱引纬织造技术研究与实践

织机的入纬率是衡量织机生产能力的指标.为提高织机的人纬率,本文研究了喷气织机多纬同时引入的束纱引纬织造技术和纱束的成束方法,并对束纱引纬的织造生产技术和主要生产工艺进行了探讨.研究表明:喷气织机采用束纱引纬织造技术,增加了每次引入梭口的纬纱根数,可以在织机速度较低的条件下,有效提高入纬率,实现喷气织机的高效织造.同时提出不同的织物应采用不同的成束方法,三纬及以下织物宜采用机上成束织造方法,四纬及以上织物宜采用机下成束织造方法,以保证束纱引纬织造织物的质量和织造效率.     

变纬密经重平织物的设计与织造方法

探讨变纬密经重平织物的新织造方法。在分析变纬密经重平织物组织结构的基础上,采用每次开口引入不同根数的纬纱,使不带变纬密装置的多色选纬织机实现了变纬密经重平织物的织造。介绍了新的喷气引纬方法;在织机上加装了简易的断纬自停装置,以保证织机效率;实际生产表明:采用新的织造方法生产变纬密经重平织物,可以提高织机相对产量。认为:该织造新方法可以拓展织机的生产范围。     

喷气织造技术研讨

第四讲喷气织机的经向系统组成（一）和其他类型的织机一样,喷气织机的经向系统主要由开口机构、打纬机构、送经机构和卷取机构等组成。经向系统与引纬机构共同来完成经、纬纱交织形成织物的工艺动作和织物连续生产的任务。开口、引纬和打纬三机构是形成织物所必需的;而...     

曲面织物的织造技术研究

本文主要针对椭圆体曲面织物的织造原理、织造工艺进行详细阐述,在改造了卷取机构和送经机构的小样机上进行织造,并研究在织造过程中的工艺控制及其对织物的影响。 改造后的具有椭圆体形状的卷取辊对形成的织物进行卷取,织物就会根据卷取辊的形状对其进行包覆,进而形成具有椭圆体形状的仿型结构;与此同时,改造后的送经机构根据椭圆体曲面织物不同位置所需经纱长度不同,进行分别送经,以使交织的纬纱同时平行到达卷取辊。并在织物不同位置引入根数不同的纬纱,使椭圆体曲面织物拥有均匀、同质的外观效果,以满足织物各处经、纬密度均匀一致的要求。     

圆环形织物的织造原理与设计

研究了圆环形仿形织物的织造原理和设计。改造了现有织机的送经和卷取机构,采用纱架送经可满足仿形织物经纱不等长的要求;采用圆台形成型控制辊,既控制织物的卷取,又控制织物的形状结构,形成圆环形机织布,织物的纬纱沿圆台体的母线方向,经纱沿圆周方向。不等纬密仿形织物织造简单,但织物结构不均匀;等纬密仿形织物要求织机的开口机构复杂,纬纱分为与全部经纱交织的长纬和仅与部分经纱交织的短纬,应合理设计纬纱的完全组织循环和短纬在长纬中的分配,以使织物的结构均匀。     

E—玻璃纤维纬纱飞走性的理论分析

无碱玻璃纤维在喷气织机上织造的工艺研究是国内电子级玻璃纤维布生产厂家非常关注的核心技术问题之一，喷气织机在引纬过程中张力峰值与玻纤纱品质的关系，在什么条件下，能够使纬纱在梭口中安全通过，以适应高速喷气织机的高效运转，减少织疵，降低断头率，是本课题研究的中心问题，通过科学分析，试验，其结果对科学合理确定玻纤纱引纬参数具有一定的实用价值。     

棉锦交织物织造工艺技术要点

探讨在PS109 e型喷气织机上生产经纱为特细号精梳棉纱、纬纱为锦纶长丝交织物的生产工艺技术要点。针对织造工序出现绞边不良、布边有针路、稀密路以及出口侧边纬缩的问题,分析了储纬器和纬纱张力对织机效率的影响,认为:采用单储纬器、调整筒子架纬纱张力弹簧片、设置引纬气压大于短纤维纱以及增加经纱张力和开口动程等措施,不但可以保证织机效率由45%上升到76%以上,而且产品织疵率也有所下降。     

三维织机整机虚拟样机的设计研究

介绍几种三维机织物的组织结构,如正交织物、间隔织物、角联锁织物,以及正交织物和角联锁织物的演化形式。对织造这几种织物的三维织机进行虚拟样机设计与仿真研究。通过对织机整机(不包括送经和卷取机构)进行仿真分析可知,开口机构、引纬机构及打纬机构不仅能满足织造三维织物的要求,而且各个机构的运动规律较好,为三维织机的研发提供了有价值的参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the