竖直矩形窄缝两相同向分相流动沸腾传热模型

首次对竖直矩形窄缝内的汽液分相流动区提出一维两相同向分相流动沸腾传热模型 ,并进行了数值计算 ,得到不同质量流速下液膜厚度变化和沸腾传热系数等结果。沸腾传热系数的模型预测值初步与已有实验关联式进行了比较 ,两者基本吻合 ,偏差在± 1 4% ;从而证实了液膜导热是竖直矩形窄缝内汽液分相流动区沸腾传热的主导机理。     

竖直矩形窄通道内饱和沸腾起始点的研究

以去离子水为工质,对尺寸为720 mm×250 mm×3.5 mm的单面电加热竖直矩形窄通道内饱和沸腾起始点进行实验研究。分析了加热热流密度、工质进口温度和质量流量对饱和沸腾起始点位置及饱和沸腾起始点处壁面过热度的影响。在已有饱和沸腾起始点预测关联式的基础上,对实验数据进行非线性回归分析,得到适用于单面加热矩形窄通道饱和沸腾起始点的新关联式。结果表明：新拟合的关联式预测值与实验值的平均相对误差为17.63%,能很好的预测常压、低加热热流密度与低流速条件下的饱和沸腾起始点处壁面过热度与热流密度的关系。     

单面加热竖直窄通道内环状流沸腾传热特性

基于汽芯的动量方程和液膜的质量和动量方程,建立了单面均匀热流竖直窄通道内环状流沸腾传热模型,利用数值法对方程组进行求解,得出了环状流区域的液膜厚度,并进一步预测了环状流两相沸腾传热系数。研究表明:模型预测的两相沸腾传热系数比Mahmound关联式计算值偏小;将不同工况下的291组环状流两相沸腾传热系数实验值与模型预测值进行对比,平均绝对误差为12.7%。     

微尺度通道内流动沸腾研究综述

阐述了微尺度通道内传热问题出现的工程背景——高密度微电子器件的冷却。对当前国内外微尺度通道内流动沸腾换热特性的研究现状进行了归纳。突出分析了工质种类、微尺度通道的几何参数和工质的工况参数等对微尺度通道内流动沸腾换热特性的影响。同时分析了微尺度通道内流动沸腾换热的强化机理、流动阻力特性、压降关联式和沸腾换热关联式的理论和实验研究。最后根据分析对今后的工作提出了一些建议。     

微细通道CO_2流动沸腾换热临界热流密度研究

CO2在微细通道内流动沸腾换热过程所具有的临界热流密度(CHF)对于其换热系数有着重要影响。根据国内外现有发表的公开文献的实验数据分析了质量流量、饱和温度、管径等对临界热流密度的影响,并对理论模型与试验数据进行误差分析。发现Bowring预测关联式对小于3 mm管径内临界热流密度预测精度较高,在30%误差范围内可以达到70%预测精度,Wojtan预测关联式具有较小的平均绝对误差。提出了今后CO2在微细通道内沸腾换热CHF的研究方向。     

微通道内流动沸腾特性研究

对国内外微通道流动和换热的研究实验作了总结,阐述了影响微通道换热系数的因素,如热流密度、过热度和干度等.对去离子水在内径为0.65 mm、长为102 mm的圆形管道内流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究,得到了局部换热系数随干度的变化关系,进而根据换热系数的变化趋势讨论了饱和流动沸腾区微通道内主导的换热机制.结果表明:从换热系数随干度的变化关系很难判定主导的换热机制;将实验数据与已发表的预测关联式进行了比较,发现大多关联式都失效,说明基于常规理论的模型不再适用于微通道.     

CO_2不同螺纹管管外强化传热的实验研究

通过对CO_2的物理特性及水平光管与不同螺纹管管外沸腾传热进行实验研究,得出了传热系数随蒸发压力和热流密度的变化关系。拟合得出CO_2在蒸发压力为2.6~3.6 MPa、热流密度为10~50kW·m-2的简化关联式h=A·qn。与Cooper预测值的偏差在±15%以内,与Jabardo等关联式预测值的偏差在±7%以内,与叶天震实验关联式预测值的偏差在±9%以内。在CO_2在光管管外沸腾传热的基础上进一步研究其在螺纹管管外沸腾对传热的强化效果,为CO_2强化传热进一步发展提供依据。     

垂直窄缝通道内环状流沸腾传热特性

本研究基于液膜和蒸汽的质量、动量和能量方程,建立了均匀热流垂直窄缝通道内环状流沸腾传热模型,通过相关文献估算环状流起始点处液膜厚度,利用有限差分法对环状流模型方程组进行数值求解,得到沿流道环状流区域的液膜厚度,并进一步预测了局部沸腾传热系数,结果表明:环状流区域的局部沸腾传热系数随质量流量和干度的增加而增加,与Kenning关联式对比,模型预测沸腾传热系数较关联式计算值偏低。将不同工况下的226组两相环状流实验数据与模型预测结果进行对比,平均绝对误差为18.2%。     

矩形通道干涸后膜态沸腾传热试验研究

在流动传热基础试验平台上进行了矩形通道干涸后膜态沸腾的传热试验,研究了各种热工水力参数对膜态沸腾传热的影响特性.结果表明:干涸后膜态沸腾是一个相对稳定的传热过程,其壁面温度不会出现明显的脉动;随着进口含汽率的增加,膜态沸腾热流密度减小,壁面温度升高,传热系数减小;随着质量流速的增大或系统压力的升高,膜态沸腾热流密度增大,壁面温度降低,传热系数增大.     

垂直矩形窄缝内的过冷流动沸腾换热性能

用高速摄像等方法研究了有压模化介质在单一垂直矩形窄缝流道内的气泡形态和传热情况 ,发现窄缝流动沸腾换热强化的原因在于流道尺寸较小 ,气泡的形状发生变化 ,增加了界面体积浓度 ,并强化了对加热面附近的扰动 ,使换热有所强化。通过与实际测量的壁温数据进行比较 ,发现用于计算大流道和池过冷沸腾换热的 Rohsenow关系式预测窄流道内高热流密度下的过冷流动沸腾换热的误差不大 ,但对于较低热流密度下的过冷流动沸腾时误差较大 ;通过最小二乘法对 Rohsenow关系式进行修正后 ,误差低于± 2 5 %。     

Experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement using impingement of multiple water jets

The problem of cooling electronic components has become a subject of special interest in recent years due to the increasing capacity and rapidly decreasing size of electronic components. Direct contact cooling using multiple jet impingement is considered the most effective method. The heat transfer problem is complex and a better understanding of the jet impingement method is essential for the proper application of this method for electronic cooling. Investigations were carried out using an electrically heated test plate. Heat flux in the range of 25 to $200 \ \hbox{W/cm}^{2}$ , which is a typical requirement for cooling high power electronic components was dissipated using 0.5‐mm diameter water jets arranged in a 7×7 array with a pitch of 3 mm. Temperature difference between the test plate and water was within $30 \ ^{\circ}\hbox{C}$ . Tests were performed in the flow rate range of 22 to 40 ml/min, resulting in a Reynolds number range of 1100 to 1750. Results show a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient or Nusselt number with an increase in heat flux. The effect of the flow rate or Reynolds number on the heat transfer coefficient is found to be negligible. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20291     

Augmentation of heat transfer through passive techniques

The thermal performance of energy preservation systems is greatly improved by increasing miniaturization and boosting. These are imaginative (or Promethean) techniques to enhance heat transfer. Enhancement methods of heat transfer draw great attention in front of the industrial sector because of their ability to provide energy savings and raise the economic efficiency of thermal systems. Three techniques these methods are categorized; those are active, passive, and compound. Different types of components are used in passive methods because of the transfer/working fluid flow path to the enhancement of the heat transfer rate. In this article, the subject of the review was the passive heat transfer enhancement methods including inserts (conical strips, winglets, twisted tapes, baffles), porous materials, coil/helical/spiral tubes, rough surfaces (corrugated/ribbed surfaces), extended surfaces (fins) and nanofluids (mono and hybrid nanofluid). Recent passive heat transfer enhancement techniques are studied in this article as they are cost-effective and reliable, and also comparably passive methods do not need any extra power to promote the energy conversion systems' thermal efficiency than active methods. In the passive approaches, various components are applied to the heat transfer/working fluid flow path to improve the heat transfer rate. The passive heat transfer enhancement methods studied in this article include inserts (twisted tapes, conical strips, baffles, winglets), extended surfaces (fins), porous materials, coil/helical/spiral tubes, rough surfaces (corrugated/ribbed surfaces), and nanofluids (mono and hybrid nanofluid). From the pioneers' research work, it is clear that a lower twist ratio and lower pitch, lesser winglet angles can provide more heat transfer rate and a little bit more friction factor. In the case of nanofluids, a little bit of pumping power is enhanced. Finally, heat transfer enhancement is compared with the thermal performance factor, which is more than unity.     

中餐炒菜灶的系统热效率分析

传统的鼓风式中餐炒菜灶热效率仅为20%左右,通过增加辐射壁,可强化传统炒菜灶的燃烧与换热过程,提高系统热效率。采用均匀搅拌反应器(PSR)模型,研究了炉内的燃烧与换热过程,建立了相应的传热模型,并对系统热效率进行了分析。研究发现改造后的新型中餐炒菜灶热效率有大幅度提高,具有显著的节能效果和应用前景。     

套管换热器对流换热的数值模拟研究

本文建立了一种复杂的数学模型用于预测套管式换热器内流体的流动及传热特性。数学模型包括计算流体力学模型和计算传热学模型。其中,计算传热学模型中的湍流扩散系数是利用温度方差t2和温度方差耗散率εt来求解,而不是利用通常采用的Pr数假设值或实验测定值来求解。为验证新建立模型预测结果的准确性,本文将数值模拟结果与文献中的实验结果进行了比较,结果吻合较好。     

LDV散热器传热特性的分析研究

散热器是发动机是重要部件总成。本文对上海汽车商用车技术中心LDV车用散热器的传热性能进行风洞试验,由实测试验数据,将管外横掠管簇的对流换热系数从传热系数中分离出来,整理成无量纲准则式,为散热器的优化设计提供参考依据。另外,对一些未做过性能试验的散热器的设计计算也能提供帮助。     

Inverse estimation of boundary conditions on radiant enclosures by temperature measurement on a solid object

In this paper, we present an inverse analysis to estimate the thermal boundary conditions over a two-dimensional radiant enclosure from the knowledge of the measured temperatures for some points on a solid object within the enclosure. The conduction heat transfer in the solid object and the radiative heat transfer between the surface elements of the enclosure are formulated by the finite volume method and the net radiative method, respectively. The resultant set of nonlinear equations is solved by the Newton's method. The inverse problem for estimation of boundary conditions over the radiant enclosure is solved by the conjugate gradient method.     

锥形内肋管传热与流阻性能的数值模拟

根据纵向涡强化传热技术提出了新型的强化换热管——锥形内肋管,运用数值模拟方法,研究了新型强化换热管结构参数锥底宽度a、导程P、肋深e和Re数对Nu、沿程阻力系数f及传热综合因子η的影响。结果表明：换热管内壁面边缘处产生了较多的微小涡流,有效破坏了流动边界层,强化了传热。在充分湍流的条件下,流体Re越小、e越小,其综合传热性能越强。当Re<15 000时,a对η的影响要大于P;在过渡点后, P对η影响较大。通过综合传热性能分析,给出了适合不同Re区间的锥形内肋优化参数。     

Application of Hermite wavelet method for heat transfer in a porous media

In this article, the flow and heat transfer for non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid in an axisymmetric channel with a porous wall is investigated. Convective boundary conditions have been used in the problem formulation. We obtain coupled, highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations from the fundamental governing equations via appropriate similarity variables. The solution for velocity and temperature are computed by applying the Hermite wavelet method (HWM). The comparison between the results from the HWM, differential transform method, and numerical method are well in agreement which proves the capacity of HWM for solving such problems. The effects of Reynolds number and Prandtl number on the velocity and temperature are illustrated through graphs and tables for different values of an independent variable.     

Heat and fluid flow characteristics inside differentially heated square enclosures with single and multiple sliding walls

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of differentially heated lid driven cavities are numerically modeled and analyzed in the present study. One‐, two‐, and four‐sided lid driven cavity configurations are considered with the vertical walls being maintained at different temperatures and the horizontal walls being thermally insulated. Eight different cavity configurations are considered depending on the direction of wall motion. The Prandtl number Pr is taken to be 0.7, the Grashof number is taken to be 10⁴, while two values for the Richardson number Ri are considered, 0.1 and 10. It is found that both the Richardson number and the cavity configuration affect the heat and fluid flow characteristics in the cavity. It is concluded that for Ri=0.1, a four‐sided driven cavity configuration with all walls rotating in the same direction would triple the value of the average Nusselt number at the cold wall when compared to a one‐sided driven cavity configuration. However, for Ri=10, the cavity configuration has minimal effect and all eight cases result in an average Nusselt number value at the cold wall ranging between 1.3 and 1.9. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20264     

对流传热计算中的烟气辐射放热系数α_1

本文提出锅炉对流传热计算中用到的烟气辐射放热系数α_(?)袭用炉内辐射传热的计算公式有误差,因为所对应的温压不同,应予改正。