粗糙界面法向接触振动响应与能量耗散特性研究

粗糙界面的法向接触振动与能量耗散特性对描述界面动力学机理具有重要的理论和实际意义。本文通过建立粗糙界面法向接触振动的动力学模型,提出了其法向接触振动响应特征量和振动能量耗散量的计算方法。基于粗糙表面的三维分形模型描述,构造了粗糙界面的接触力-变形关系式,并与Hertz接触模型的力-变形关系进行了对比分析;建立了粗糙界面接触振动系统的动力学方程,计算了不同表面形貌粗糙界面系统每周期的振动能量耗散率和累计能量耗散率;分析了粗糙界面法向接触振动的响应特征与能量耗散特性,从理论上对界面法向微动能量耗散的实验结果进行了解释,为描述接触界面的动力学机理提供了理论依据。     

振动荷载下路基的能量耗散率空间分布规律的研究

为研究振动荷载作用下的路基内部的能量状态分布,基于Parseval定理,分别以动应变/加速度为变量,推导建立了周期性和非周期性的路基内振动信号的能量耗散率计算公式;根据土体的动力互易性原理,进行了振动荷载下路基动力响应现场试验,利用试验测试结果,分析研究了该路基的能量耗散率空间分布规律.研究结果表明:①能量耗散率沿深度...     

浮筏隔振系统多维耦合振动特性分析

针对工程中的浮筏隔振装置,建立了柔性基础上复杂激励多维耦合隔振系统动力学模型。考虑隔振支撑多维波动效应,运用子结构导纳法推导了耦合系统动态传递方程及功率流表达式,给出了系统的功率流谱。数值模拟计算表明,复杂激励隔振系统在低频域出现多个共振峰,在高频域基础的弯曲共振模态及隔振器驻波效应使得系统功率流提高。减小隔振器刚度能明显降低系统功率流但也使驻波效应提前。增加筏体质量可明显降低系统功率流。     

附加自由阻尼板高频振动响应的能量流模型EI北大核心CSCD

为了预示自由阻尼结构(free layer damping,FLD)的高频振动响应,将复刚度法与能量流分析(energy flow analysis,EFA)理论相结合,推导了大阻尼条件下高频振动自由阻尼板的能量密度方程。分析了阻尼交界面处的能量传递关系,利用耦合结构的能量流分析方法推导了局部附加阻尼处理的薄板结构的能量密度方程。基于上述能量密度方程,构建了完全/局部自由阻尼板的能量有限元法(energy finite element method,EFEM)模型,求解了阻尼层合结构的高频能量流响应。通过对比模态解析解与能量有限元模型的数值解,验证了所建立的自由阻尼板高频振动能量流模型的有效性。     

含裂纹功能梯度材料梁结构的振动功率流特性分析

功能梯度材料(FGM)梁在工程中应用日益广泛,而梁中裂纹的存在改变了局部刚度等特性,使得功能梯度材料梁的振动和波传播特性发生改变。以含有张开型裂纹的功能梯度梁为对象分析其波传播和振动功率流特性。利用转动弹簧模型模拟裂纹,给出由裂纹引起的局部柔度表达式。建立无限长FGM欧拉梁结构的动力学方程,采用波动法结合梁的连续条件计算得到FGM欧拉梁的振动特性,对无缺陷梁和裂纹梁的输入功率流和传播功率流进行分析。讨论了材料梯度指数、激励频率、裂纹深度和裂纹位置等信息与输入功率流、传播功率流之间的关系,为基于振动功率流的裂纹FGM梁的损伤识别提供理论基础。     

岩石劈裂拉伸试验的能量耗散分析

利用直径50 mm的霍普金森试验装置,对长径比为0.5的三种岩石进行动态平台巴西圆盘劈裂拉伸试验,分析了岩石试件在动态加载过程中能量的应变率效应、能量耗散特征和破坏形态。结果表明:反射能与入射能比值大于50%,透射能与入射能比值在10%以内,试件耗散能与入射能比值在10%~45%,因此,试件端部粉碎三角区的面积大小存在差异;在进行冲击试验过程中为提高岩石试件破碎的能量利用率,需尽量避开应变率200~300 s-1范围;岩石的抗拉强度、弹性模量、应力峰值的对数与能量耗散的对数具有显著线性关系。     

爆破振动信号的局部波分解方法

针对爆破振动信号具有非线性、随机性较强的特点,提出利用局部波分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)处理并分析爆破振动信号。结合露天铁矿逐孔起爆方式下爆破振动测试信号分析,研究信号的时频及能量分布特征。结果表明:LMD方法能完整地分解重构爆破信号,有效减少模态混叠现象,更加真实反映信号的原始信息;相比经验模态分解方法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)、LMID方法的端点效应轻微,具有较高的解凋精度;LMID方法可以精确分析振动能量的分布规律,有利于进一步识别爆破本身的力学作用特征。     

爆破振动信号的局部波分解方法

针对爆破振动信号具有非线性、随机性较强的特点,提出利用局部波分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)处理并分析爆破振动信号。结合露天铁矿逐孔起爆方式下爆破振动测试信号分析,研究信号的时频及能量分布特征。结果表明:LMD方法能完整地分解重构爆破信号,有效减少模态混叠现象,更加真实反映信号的原始信息;相比经验模态分解方法(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)、LMID方法的端点效应轻微,具有较高的解凋精度;LMID方法可以精确分析振动能量的分布规律,有利于进一步识别爆破本身的力学作用特征。     

轴向力影响下大阻尼梁高频能量流响应解析模型

针对轴向力作用下大阻尼梁的高频振动问题,基于能量流分析方法构建高频动响应解析预报模型。推导梁结构的能量传递方程和能量损失方程,结合功率平衡方程构建轴向力影响下大阻尼梁的能量密度控制方程。以简支梁为典型算例,分析结构的能量密度响应,研究轴向力和结构阻尼损耗因子对高频能量流响应的影响。数值结果表明：提出的能量流响应解析模型渐进一致逼近基于波动分析法的经典模型解,可以准确预示轴向力作用下大阻尼梁的高频弯曲振动响应。随着梁结构轴向载荷和阻尼损耗因子的增加,能量密度自激励点向两端约束边界衰减速度提高。但是,梁结构的弯曲振动总能量随轴向载荷单调增加,而随阻尼损耗因子单调减小。     

Ti3SiC2陶瓷的能量耗散机理

采用维氏和赫兹压痕法研究了Ti3SiC2接触损伤及其演变.结果表明,在维氏压痕接触损伤区从表面到纵深的不同损伤排序为:表面的晶粒粉碎,亚表面的晶粒分层或破碎,再远处的晶粒完好;在赫兹压痕接触损伤区剪切损伤带以内的晶粒破碎,剪切带以外的晶粒完好.因此,造成压痕处的局部能量耗散,使应力传递受限、应力集中下降,使这种三元层状陶瓷具有准塑性特征.用声发射(Acoustic Emission,简称AE)系统监测赫兹压痕加卸载过程中的局部损伤过程,发现在加载过程中声发射信号密集,卸载过程声发射信号稀疏,证明了损伤和局部能量耗散的不可逆性.Ti3SiC2陶瓷的能量局部耗散机理是弱晶界面开裂和晶粒分层导致的局部软化和破碎,在损伤区范围内吸收能量并使局部应力释放.     

Diameter-dependent dissipation of vibration energy of cantilevered multiwall carbon nanotubes

This study investigated the mechanical properties of vibrating cantilevered multiwall carbon nanotubes in terms of energy loss in a vibrating nanotube. Young's moduli of the nanotubes show a clear dependence of the perfection of the sp(2) carbon network, as determined from Raman spectroscopy. The energy loss corresponding to the inverse of the quality factor increases with increasing tube diameter, although the nanotube maintains high mechanical strength around 0.5 TPa. This fact implies that the vibration energy is dissipated mainly not by defects, but by van der Waals interactions between walls.     

Acoustic energy dissipation during phase separation in oversaturated solid solutions

The phase separation in oversaturated solid solutions Al-4.0 at.% Cu and Al-6.5 at.% Zn is accompanied by an acoustic emission (AE). The AE signals were detected in the stage of formation of the concentration inhomogeneities (Guinier-Preston zones) in the former alloy and in the early phase separation stage in the latter. There are two possible mechanisms of the AE in the course of the phase separation: (i) dynamic energy relaxation related to spontaneous motions of the interphase boundary or (ii) plastic relaxation of the elastic energy related to the nucleation of misfit dislocations at the sites of coherency breakage.     

Effect of ramp-type heating on the vibration of functionally graded microbeams without energy dissipation

In the present work, a generalized solution for the vibration of functionally graded microbeam is studied. A vibrational response is presented for a microbeam subjected to a ramp-type heating and which has functionally varying material properties through its thickness. The governing equations of the generalized thermoelasticity without energy dissipation proposed by Green and Naghdi are presented. An analytical technique based on Laplace transform is used to calculate the vibration of deflection and the temperature. The inverses of Laplace transforms are computed numerically using Fourier expansion techniques. The effect of the ramping time parameter is studied on the lateral vibration, the temperature, the displacement, the stress, the bending thermal moment, and the strain energy of the functionally graded microbeam. The influence of the thickness of the beam is also analyzed.     

Transmission and dissipation of stress wave energy at a percussive drill rod joint

Transmission and dissipation of stress wave energy at a percussive drill rod joint is determined for three joint types, three joint preload levels, three hammer lengths (∼ incident wave lengths) and a range of impact velocities (∼ incident wave amplitudes). The energies of the incident, reflected and transmitted waves are evaluated from measured strains, and then the dissipated energy is determined as the deficit of energy in the two latter waves compared with the first. The accuracy needed is obtained by introducing a compensation factor and determining its value from the requirement of momentum conservation. The experimental results for threaded standard joints are compared with experimental results for threadless dummy joints, made in one piece, and also with theoretical results. The latter are based on one model which represents the joint as a well on a one- dimensional elastic rod (characteristics impedance or CI model) and on another model which represents the joint as a rigid mass between one-dimensional elastic rods (rigid mass or RM model). For the joints 70–100% of the incident wave energy is transmitted and 0–20% is dissipated. The corresponding figures for the dummies are 90–100% and (±)1%, repectively. The latter figure indicates the inaccuracy in the measurement and evaluation procedures. The two models agree fairly well with the dummies. Under certain conditions they also give reasonably accurate predictions for the energy transmitted through a joint. As they sometimes give quite inaccurate results for energy transmission and furthermore fail to predict energy dissipation they need be refined.     

渡槽结构隔震与耗能减振控制机理的研究

本文结合设计中的南泉水河渡槽结构 ,将隔震耗能混合减支座应用于渡槽结构 ,并将该控制结构与没有控制支座的常规结构进行了地震反应的比较分析。在计算分析中将渡槽槽墩结构简化为顶部具有集中质量的单柱结构 ,槽体作为刚体处理 ,槽内水体简化为Housner模型     

位移放大型阻尼墙减震结构的模型试验与数值分析

提出一种凸轮式响应放大金属阻尼器,介绍其工作机理和恢复力计算公式,对安装该阻尼器的单自由度体系建立了运动方程和能量方程。以达到相同位移控制效果为目标,采用不同吨位的金属阻尼器,分别对无控结构、安装传统金属阻尼器和安装凸轮式响应放大金属阻尼器的单自由度体系进行了多遇、罕遇和极罕遇地震作用下的地震响应对比分析。结果表明：在各级地震作用下,串联小吨位金属阻尼器的凸轮式响应放大金属阻尼器均达到了与安装传统大吨位金属阻尼器相同的位移控制效果和耗能比例,基底剪力控制效果也得到了明显的提升,说明采用小吨位金属阻尼器通过响应放大便可达到直接安装大吨位阻尼器的相同位移控制效果,体现了其优越的经济性;另外,在极罕遇地震作用下,该装置能避免阻尼器发生位移失效的现象,体现了该消能装置在各级地震作用下均能保证结构和阻尼器的安全。