不同厚度不同系列波状运动翼型的能量吸收特性

为改善做行波运动的翼型的能量吸收特性,基于计算流体力学方法,分析波长（0.6L~1.4L,L为中弧线长度）、振幅（0.02L~0.1L）与无量纲波速（0.1~0.9）对做行波运动的NACA4、NACA63与NACA65系列不同最大厚度的翼型以及行波运动板的能量吸收特性的影响。研究表明：当运动参数相同时,同一系列翼型的获能效率随最大厚度的增大而减小,且行波板的获能效率最高;当行波振幅与无量纲波速一定时,厚度相同的不同系列翼型的获能效率均随波长的增大而减小,且不同系列翼型的获能效率基本相当;当行波波长与无量纲波速一定时,厚度相同的不同系列翼型的获能效率均随振幅的增大而增大;当行波波长与振幅一定时,厚度相同的不同系列翼型的获能效率均随无量纲波速的增大而先增大后减小,且在无量纲波速c=0.45左右达到最大值。     

行波波长及波速对获能特性的影响

在一定的运动参数条件下,行波运动可以从流水或风中吸取能量。以NACA0012翼型作为行波运动鱼体二维简化模型的原始翼型,采用数值模拟的方法研究波长及波速对行波运动获能特性的影响。结果表明：当波长不变时,随着无量纲波速的增大,行波运动从流水中吸收的能量（无量纲侧向功率）和能量利用率先增大后减小,并存在一个最佳波速使得无量...     

一种新的风能吸收装置—行波板

提出了一种新型的风能吸收装置——波动板,在一定的来流风速下,利用行波状运动的板,可以从风中吸取能量,将风能转化成机械能。在Re=4×105条件下,采用数值模拟方法研究了波长和振幅对波动板做功系数和风能利用率的影响,结果表明:在一定振幅和波长下,风能利用率和做功系数随着无量纲波速的增加,先增加后减小;在一定无量纲波速和波长下,随着振幅的增加,风能利用率和做功系数逐渐增加;在一定无量纲波速和振幅下,随着波长的增加,风能利用率和做功系数先增大后减小,存在一个最佳的波长可使风能利用率和做功系数同时达到最大值。     

正弦波形填料基底上液膜的研究及热经济性分析

为研究正弦波形填料基底上液膜的流动、传热特性及不同结构该基底的冷却效果对电厂热经济性的影响,通过建立合理的物理模型,运用Fluent软件对不同振幅、波长和倾斜角度条件下正弦波形填料基底上的冷却液膜进行了数值模拟.以数值模拟的出口水温为计算依据,通过热力计算分析了不同正弦波基底结构对全厂热经济性指标的影响.结果表明:倾斜角度、振幅不变时,随着波长的增加,基底上液膜的厚度变薄,出口水温升高;波长、振幅不变时,倾斜角度的增大使得基底上液膜的厚度增加,出口水温降低;倾斜角度、波长不变时,随着振幅的增大,基底上液膜的厚度变厚,出口水温降低.     

振动膜片的流动控制机理研究

采用计算流体力学方法,研究了主流风速为10 m/s,翼型弦长雷诺数为1.2×10~5条件下振动膜片对NACA0012翼型在18°攻角深失速下流动分离的影响。研究表明:振动膜片能明显提高翼型升力系数、降低阻力系数、改善流场状况;当无量纲频率处在1~1.5范围内时,翼型升阻比可大幅提升,最大可提高75.7%;无量纲振幅对翼型升阻比的影响也很显著,相对于原型存在一个最佳的振幅使得翼型升阻比能获得最大提升;不同振幅下,最佳升阻比对应的无量纲频率随振幅增大而减小。     

THE CHARACTERISTIC RESEARCH OF SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY, ENERGYCONVERSION AND HEAT TRANSFER IN FOAM CERAMICS

通过实验测试和数值模拟对太阳辐射能量转换器(solar energy converter)及其填充的泡沫陶瓷辐射吸收特性、气流流动和换热特性进行研究.研究结果表明:应用Lacoix模型建立太阳辐射能量转换器内填充SiC泡沫陶瓷气流流动模型是合理的.在实验条件下,太阳辐射能量转换器出口处流通空气温度可达600.82K,太阳辐射辐射能转换为流通空气热能的效率可达51％;在相同条件下,随着太阳能反射镜的有效辐射面积和辐射强度的增加,太阳辐射能量转换器出口处流通空气温度几乎呈线性增长;随着泡沫陶瓷孔隙率增大,太阳辐射能量转换器出口处流通空气温度先增大后减小.     

气膜冷却对高压涡轮叶栅损失特性的影响研究

为获得全气膜气冷涡轮叶栅的损失特性,采用试验及数值仿真方法,研究了不同冷气流量、不同叶栅出口马赫数条件下冷气射流对叶栅损失的影响。通过叶栅槽道静压云图及叶片表面压力分布等试验及数值仿真结果对比,验证了通冷气叶栅性能仿真分析方法的准确性。结果表明：同一冷气流量比下,通冷气叶栅能量损失系数随着马赫数的增大先减小后增大,在设计马赫数附近损失最低;通冷气叶栅能量损失系数随着冷气流量的增大而增大,且前后腔均通冷气时能量损失系数最大,前腔单独通冷气时能量损失系数最小;通冷气叶栅能量损失系数随着冷气与主流温比增大而增大。     

新型进水结构对太阳能分层水箱热特性影响的研究

蓄热技术是太阳能光热利用的重要组成部分,而以水作为蓄热介质的中低温蓄热技术是太阳能热利用系统中的关键技术之一。本研究设计了一种新型进口均流器,并搭建了一套储热水箱热力学特性测试实验台。在初始水温50℃、进水温度20℃的工况下,分析对比了不同流量下储热水箱的热力学特性。结果显示:均流器提高了分层蓄热水箱的分层效果以及水箱的效率。在同一进口流量下,水箱的热分层效率先增大后减小。而随着无量纲时间的增加,水箱的火用效率逐步降低,此外,水箱的火用效率还随着流量的增加,先增大后减小。当无量纲时间为0.6时,进口流量分别为1.14、3.16和6.11 L/min时,水箱的火用效率分别为85.9%、90.7%和83.9%。     

壁面边界条件下氢气-空气预混燃烧的压力特性

通过纹影测试的实验方法,在顶置点火定容燃烧弹中对壁面边界条件下的氢气-空气预混燃烧压力特性进行了实验研究,得出了不同燃烧当量比(0.6～2.0)、初始压力(0.1～0.3,MPa)、初始温度(300～450,K)下的氢气-空气预混燃烧过程中燃烧压力、最大燃烧压力以及最大燃烧压力升高率等参数的变化规律.结果表明,壁面边界条件下氢气-空气预混燃烧过程中的最大燃烧压力以及最大燃烧压力升高率均随着当量比的增大先增大再减小,均随初始压力的增大呈现出线性增长,随着初始温度的增大而呈现出线性减少.     

摆式振荡水翼的水动力性能分析

基于传统振荡水翼运动模型提出一种适用于垂直轴振荡水翼潮流能发电装置的摆式运动模型,并建立相应的数学模型。利用流体动力学软件Fluent软件建立该运动模型的网格模型,分析翼型NACA0015在不同运动参数下的水动力性能及能量捕获效率,并从水翼在运动过程中攻角的变化和漩涡结构方面分析振荡频率和俯仰振幅对水翼水动力性能的影响。结果表明,在小的振荡频率下,水翼的升沉振幅是影响能量提取效率的主要因素,随着频率的增加,升沉振幅对能量提取效率的影响减弱;在较大的频率下,俯仰振幅对水翼能量提取效率的影响更为明显。在适当的运动参数下,水流动能转化为水翼动能的效率可达30%。     

基于浮式风力机平台的分形特征垂荡板强迫振荡水动力特性

垂荡板因其具有增大水动力阻尼及附加质量的优点而广泛应用于海洋工程领域。将分形理论应用于垂荡板的结构设计,提出一种具有分形特征孔的垂荡板,运用Fluent的自定义函数并结合动网格技术对不同垂荡板模型进行数值模拟,研究其水动力特性。对比分析了不同振幅下实心、不同分形阶数(透空率)以及规则孔垂荡板的水动力特性,得到了不同垂荡板垂向力时间历程曲线、附加质量系数C_m和阻尼系数C_d以及涡量云图。结果表明:振动周期不变时,随振幅的增大,各垂荡板C_d值随之减小,最终趋于平稳,而C_m值随之增大;比较不同分形阶数时,C_m值随分形阶数增加而减小,C_d值随分形阶数增加而先增大后减小,在分形阶数为二阶时,C_d值最大;相同透空率时,分形孔和规则孔垂荡板C_m值大致相等,分形孔C_d值较规则孔有较大提升,最大提升为17.83%,平均为14.74%。由此可见,较之普通开孔垂荡板,分形特征垂荡板具有优越的性能。     

Theoretical analyses of some simple wave power devices

The problem of how to extract energy from ocean waves is discussed by analysing theoretically the hydrodynamic properties of a few ideal devices, involving vertical energy absorbing plates. the aim is to find a mechanism with high ideal efficiency, but still simple enough, such that its realization in practice can be economically feasible. The most promising device involves one or more vertical elastic plates situated in the water perpendicular to the incoming waves. About a quarter of a wavelength after the (first) plate there is a stiff vertical construction extending sufficiently deep in the water such that it is rather immobile. It serves as a reflector of the waves. the elastic plate is set in oscillation by the wave motion and this motion is used to extract the energy by applying a braking force. the optimal force field is discussed in some detail, and it is shown that not much of the optimal efficiency is lost by letting the force field simply be proportional to the velocity. the device is also shown to be sensitive to a fairly broad spectrum of wavelengths, and this spectrum can be broadened by adding more swinging plates. In this way efficiencies of 80-100 per cent are attained in theory over a wavelength spectrum extending over an order of magnitude.     

Heat transfer performance and exergetic optimization for solar receiver pipe

The basic physical model of solar receiver pipe with solar selective coating is established, and associated heat transfer and exergetic performances are analyzed and optimized. Because of the heat losses of natural convection and infrared radiation, the energy absorption efficiency has a maximum at optimal incident energy flux. As the pipe radius decreases or flow velocity rises, the wall temperature drops for higher heat transfer coefficient, while the heat absorption efficiency increases. Along the flow direction, the heat absorption efficiency almost linearly decreases, while the exergetic efficiency will first increase and then decrease. As the inlet temperature rises, the heat absorption efficiency of the solar receiver pipe decreases, while the exergetic efficiency of absorbed energy obviously increases, so the exergetic efficiency of incident energy will reach maximum at the optimal inlet temperature. Additionally, the maximum exergetic efficiency of incident energy and optimal inlet temperature both increase with flow velocity.     

基于小波包多尺度分析的多时间窗行波相关法

为解决行波相关法中时间窗宽度不固定影响故障测距可靠性的问题,提出了一种基于小波包多尺度分析的多时间窗行波相关法。首先,利用最大相关系数选取最优小波基,使得小波包滤波效果达到最佳;其次,以最优小波基为基底将故障信号进行小波包的多尺度分解和重构,由于小波包自身的变换特性,重构后的正反向行波初始波头的宽度随着尺度的增大逐渐变宽,将初始行波波头宽度作为行波相关法的时间窗宽度,此时行波相关法成为一个多时间窗的相关算法;最后,将经包络线处理的单极性正反向行波进行相关算法故障测距。多次仿真分析表明,所提方法消除了时间窗不固定对测距结果的影响,且在不同的故障距离和过渡电阻下均适用。     

四角架筒型基础气浮过程中运动特性研究

以四角架筒型基础为研究对象,通过在静水及规则波作用下的模型试验对影响结构气浮过程中运动特性的因素进行分析.结果表明,结构摇荡运动的附加质量系数随吃水的增加呈下降趋势,都大于船舶动力学的建议值1.2;随着吃水的增加,垂荡运动呈先减小后增大的趋势,而纵摇运动呈减小的趋势;较浅水深增强了结构的竖向运动,垂荡和纵摇运动的最大幅...     

输电线路暂态信号检测方法比较分析

输电线路发生故障产生的暂态行波是一个突变的、具有奇异性的信号,正确检测出信号的突变点即暂态行波波头是利用行波进行保护和测距的核心。对电网中断路器操作、电容投切、一次电弧、单相短路、雷击等产生的暂态信号进行了仿真．并分别利用小波变换模极大值、小波变换Lipischitz a、小波变换能量谱检测行波波头进行比较分析。EMTP仿真分析表明,三种方法均有提取行波特征,且采用小波能量谱检测输电线路暂态行波波头到达的时刻最精确,故障定位精度最高。     

Design and optimization of a heat driven thermoacoustic refrigerator

The present paper deals with the design and optimization of a heat driven thermoacoustic refrigerator. A simplified model is developed which enables to pinpoint and examine the most important physical characteristics of a compact traveling wave thermoacoustic refrigerator driven by a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine. The model can explain the so-called traveling standing wave effect in thermoacoustics very well. The position, length and hydraulic radius of the refrigerator are optimized for the maximum total COP. The prime mover efficiency, refrigerator COP and dimensionless dissipation and their impacts on total COP are investigated and discussed. The results indicate that a COP of 28.7% at T_RF,cold = 273 K is achievable.     

翼型表面随行波结构流动控制的数值研究

针对翼型表面的流动分离,采用数值模拟方法研究随行波结构流动控制的机制。为了验证计算方法的可靠性,将翼型表面静压曲线与实验测试结果进行对比,发现两者吻合程度较好。数值计算结果表明,适当增加随行波的相对弦长长度,有助于改善翼型的气动性能。当攻角小于3°时,随行波位于分离点之前,沟槽内形成顺时针旋转的二次涡,有助于加速边界层低速条带;在大攻角下,随行波位于分离点之后,顺时针卷起的分离涡在沟槽内形成逆时针旋转的二次涡,与分离涡互为反向涡对,减小了尾缘分离区范围。翼型表面随行波能有效地控制边界层流动。     

Effects of plate vibration on the mixing and combustion of transverse hydrogen injection for scramjet

Transverse injection is an effective mixing enhancement technique for the combustor of scramjets. Vibration of the plate structure in combustor will easily be induced due to aerodynamic load and harsh aerothermodynamic load simultaneously. Effects of the plate vibration on the mixing and the combustion of the transverse hydrogen injection have been investigated numerically in this study. Finite rate chemistry model is used as combustion model. The supersonic jet experimental model of the Stanford University is modified slightly and used as the analysis model. Effects of the frequency and the amplitude of the plate vibration on combustion performance and flow field structure have been investigated in detail. The results show that the plate vibration increases the mixing efficiency, the combustion efficiency and the total pressure loss coefficient. Besides, it can change the flame structure and the shock wave structure, as well as increase the shock wave intensity at downstream of the injection. The vibration frequency has relatively little effect on the combustion efficiency and the total pressure loss coefficient. When the vibration frequency is large, it presents some high frequency pulsations for the total pressure loss coefficient. However, the vibration amplitude has large effect on combustion efficiency and the total pressure loss coefficient. When the vibration amplitude is small, the combustion efficiency presents regular periodic change with time. When the vibration amplitude is large, it diverges with time, and the flow tends to be unstable. The large vibration amplitude changes the stability of the original flow. Consequently, the combustion with large amplitude fluctuation can critically damage the combustion stability.