控释肥料基施及普通尿素不同基追比对夏玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响

研究了控释尿素和控释BB肥一次性基施后的肥料效果,以及普通尿素不同基追比对玉米产量和氮肥利用率的影响.研究结果表明:以33.3％普通尿素基施+33.3％大喇叭口期追施+33.3％抽雄期追施的处理最佳,产量最高达8 700 kg/hm2,氮肥利用率为34.3％.控释尿素基施处理和控释BB肥基施处理的氮肥利用率分别为41....     

流化造粒生产非均质尿基复合肥

简要介绍了流化造粒生产高浓度非均质尿基复合肥新工艺的开发和试验过程，结果表明可采用磷酸 一铵、磷酸二铵、普钙或重钙等原料生产尿基复合肥，养份可根据用户需求进行调整。在普钙和重钙颗粒 上喷涂熔融尿液生产的尿基复合肥还能防止吸湿。     

缓释化肥概况（上）

在查阅了大量有关缓释化肥文献的基础上,对缓释化肥的发展、现状及生产工艺作了回顾,对缓释化肥的分类,缓释尿素（包括涂硫尿素,大颗粒尿素,包膜尿素、添加阻溶类物质和抑制剂缓释尿素）、长效碳铵、缓释复混肥料及含农药缓释肥料的研究和生产情况作了介绍,并对我国缓释化肥的发展前景进行展望。     

8. New developments in nitrogen fertilizers for rice

The efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizer products and practices currently used on rice is low, and improving this efficiency would be very beneficial to rice-growing countries. The development of new N fertilizers is best achieved by following a logical sequence of testing and evaluation procedures in a variety of settings from the laboratory to the farmer's field. Novel N fertilizers currently at various stages of testing include urea supergranules for deep placement, urea coated with various materials to control the N release rate, mixtures of a urease inhibitor with urea to reduce losses, and organic N sources other than urea.     

高浓度尿基复合（混）肥生产技术

简要介绍团粒法、粒浆法、熔体法生产高浓度尿基复合（混）肥的工艺流程和技术特点,可为国内众多尿素生产企业调整产品结构、转产高浓度尿基复合（混）肥提供借鉴。     

含硫肥料的开发

介绍了含硫肥料开发的现实意义以及目前的硫肥品种。详细概述了涂硫尿素的生产工艺及其特点。     

Ammonia volatilization from urea and ammoniacal fertilizers surface applied to winter wheat and grassland

Ammonia volatilization from urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate surface applied to winter wheat and grassland was determined with windtunnels. The fertilizers were applied at a rate of 8–12 g N m^–2 to plots on a non-calcareous sandy loam. Five experiments were carried out during March to June 1992, each experiment including 2 to 4 treatments with two or three replications. The daily ammonia loss rate was measured during 15 to 20 days. Cumulated daily loss of ammonia from urea followed a sigmoidal expression, while the cumulated ammonia loss from diammonium phosphate showed a logarithmic relationship with time from application. For ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate no significant loss could be determined, because daily loss of ammonia were at the detection limit of the wind tunnels. Mean cumulated ammonia loss from plots receiving urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate and calcium ammonium nitrate were 25%, 14%, <5% and <2%, respectively, during a 15–20 day measuring period.     

控失氮肥技术应用及发展总结

控失氮肥是在对原有高塔造粒装置进行技术升级改造的基础上,将粉状氯化铵或硫酸铵及尿液与可降低其溶解性或改变其流失特性的化肥养分控失剂充分混合后制备的无膜型缓释脲铵氮肥,适合于大田作物。概述了控失氮肥的形成机理、技术路线及创新点、产品特点及质量标准,并就存在的问题提出了今后的努力方向。     

不同增效氮肥品种及用量对玉米幼苗生长、光合特性及养分吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究3种增效氮肥(海藻寡糖尿素、腐植酸尿素、聚能网尿素)及其用量对玉米幼苗生长、光合特性及养分吸收的影响。结果显示,3种增效尿素对玉米幼苗生长的促进作用均好于普通尿素,且海藻寡糖尿素对玉米生长的综合促进效果最优;进一步研究显示,海藻寡糖尿素可提高玉米功能叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率,还能促进玉米对氮、磷、钾的吸收,同等施氮条件下其施用效果优于其他2种增效氮肥。     

我国氮肥工业技术状况

分析了国外、国内氮肥工业生产装置的技术状况,罗列了大、中、小型合成氨装置和尿素装置的消耗情况。介绍了我国氮肥生产装置关键部位具有国内或国际水平的新技术的开发与应用情况。     

智能化喷浆造粒生产尿基复合肥

叙述了利用尿素制NPK尿素复合肥料生产工艺。该法用尿素浓溶液通过智能化喷浆造粒,实现了尿基复合肥生产智能化。     

高浓度尿基复肥生产中缩二脲的控制

阐述高浓度尿基复肥中缩二脲形成的原因，提出有效控制缩二脲形成的方法。     

Crop response to sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and other N-carriers in sandy soils of Saudi Arabia

Nitrogen losses due to leaching, volatilization and denitrification result in low fertilizer efficiency. Slow-release N fertilizers are proposed to minimize these losses, and sulfur-coated urea (SCU) has been examined. A greenhouse study was conducted using two coarse textured: loamy sand and sandy loam soils from Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia to compare sulfur-coated urea (SCU) with urea, ammonium nitrate (AN) and ammonium sulfate (AS) and to determine the effectiveness of single appliction of SCU over split application of soluble N sources. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were grown as indicator crops. Dry matter yields showed a significant increase with SCU fertilizers over other sources applied single or split, particularly in loamy sand soil. SCU-22 resulted in a consistent increase of dry matter yield and N-uptake compared to SCU-30 and SCU-40. The potential benefit of using SCU in coarse textured soils appers to be promising for increasing N fertilizer efficiency. Producing these slow release N fertilizers seems feasible if a coating step is added to the manufacturing process of urea produced from some fertilizer plants in Saudi Arabia.Contribution from the Regional Agriculture and Water Research Center (RAWRC), Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Presented in Div. S-8, Am. Soc. Agron. Meeting, Atlanta, GA, November 1981.     

Use of urease inhibitors and urea fertilizers on winter wheat

Phosphoroamide urease inhibitors were evaluated for their ability to increase grain protein and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) when added to surfaceapplied urea-based fertilizers. Six urease inhibitors [trichloroethyl phosphorodiamidate, diethyl phosphoric triamide, dimethyl phosphoric triamide, N-(diaminophosphinyl)-cyclohexylamine, N-benzyl-N-methyl phosphoric triamide, and phenylphosphorodiamide] were evaluated. Nitrogen treatments were urea prills, urea solution, and ureaammonium nitrate (UAN) solution broadcast and UAN solution band applied. Ammonium sulfate and no N treatments were included as controls. Fertilizer treatments were applied in the fall and spring. Soils were Ryker silt loam (Typic Paleudalf), Rensselaer loam (Typic Argiaquoll), and Avonburg silt loam (Aeric Fragiaqualf).Grain yield was a more responsive indicator of N addition than was grain N content. Urea prills and ammonium sulfate were more effective fertilizers than was UAN solution. UAN was not more effective applied in a band than broadcast. Urease inhibitors did not improve the efficiency of urea fertilizers since NH₃ volatilization did not appear to be a problem following addition of urea fertilizers in spring or fall.Journal Paper No. 10528. This work was supported in part by a grant from Allied Chemical, Solvay, NY 13209.     

无需干燥的团粒法复混肥料生产工艺研究

在原有团粒法复混肥料生产工艺技术中省去干燥单元,能降低能耗并减少环境污染.实施无干燥工艺生产高浓度复混肥时,要求造粒机出口物料含水质量分数在0.8%～1.5%,造粒物料的温度在75～85℃.比较实用和经济的手段是直接利用尿素装置的高温浓缩尿液,然后再酌情将部分原料预热至一定温度.实施无干燥工艺后,返料量比传统团粒法工艺...     

硫酸脲氨化法生产尿基复合肥工艺技术及应用

对硫酸脲氨化法生产尿基复合肥工艺的原理和影响造粒的主要因素进行了分析.总结了生产过程中出现的主要问题,并提出解决办法和应对措施,这为蒸汽团粒法、尿液喷浆法、氨酸法造粒装置技术升级和改造提供了可借鉴的思路.     

复混肥中缩二脲测定方法的建立

参照尿素中缩二脲的测定方法，通过条件试验，利用加入适量的碳酸钠和氢氧化钠，消除了测定复混肥中缩二脲过程中金属杂质的干扰，建立了复混肥中缩二脲的测定方法。通过制作工作曲线试验、精密度试验和回收率试验，验证了该测定方法准确可靠。该法的相对偏差为1．60％，加标回收率为98％-102％。     

Suitability of North Carolina natural phosphate to Polish agriculture

North Carolina Natural Phosphate (NCNP) is a natural marine sediment, excavated, washed and sold in unprocessed form as a phosphate fertilizer. In vegetation and field experiments carried on in Poland in 1992–1994 with potatoes, rye, maize and winter rape the efficiency of phosphorus in NCNP was in the range of 75–100% of phosphorus in superphosphate. Blending and granulating of NCNP with urea and sulphur proved to be very effective. Further works on blending technology and the usability of NPS or NPKS blends are recommended.     

一种淀粉基互穿网络型缓释肥包膜材料的制备及性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以甲醛为交联剂,通过淀粉与甘油、100-37H型聚乙烯醇(PVA)多元共聚、交联,制备了一种生物降解性好的互穿网络型缓释肥包膜材料。结果显示,淀粉、甘油、甲醛和PVA的最佳质量分数比率为:20∶4.5∶6.0∶12;包膜材料所制缓释尿素缓释周期达60～80 d,符合GB/T23348—2009规定的缓释效果,其释放机制可能为溶胀-扩散释放机理。     

Nitrogen availability of soluble and slow release nitrogen fertilizers as assessed by electroultrafiltration

The efficiency of different nitrogenous fertilizers under forced leaching conditions was determined in pot experiments using ryegrass as an indicator plant in a sandy loam soil. Treatments were: ON (unfertilized), AN (ammonium nitrate), U (urea), DAP (diammonium phosphate), T (Triabon), FK (Floranid Komplett) and CDU (crotonylidendiurea).N source effects on N uptake, and N leached (as % of N applied) were evaluated. Results show that the fertilizers which behaved best with regard to N uptake were FK followed by Triabon and AN. The most soluble fertilizers, AN and urea, gave the highest N leaching losses.Significant correlations between EUF-NI (rapidly soluble fraction) and leaching, as well as between EUF-N (I + II) and N uptake by the plant (where EUF-N II relates to the slowly soluble fraction) were obtained.