某批次螺栓磁痕显示原因分析

以某批次有磁痕显示的螺栓为研究对象,分析其磁痕显示的原因。消除带状偏析后磁痕显示仍然无改善。采用塔形发纹检测、金相检验、能谱分析等方法研究了螺栓消除带状偏析后磁痕显示无改善的原因。结果表明:该批螺栓磁痕显示不是由带状偏析引起的,而是由原材料的冶金缺陷(夹杂物超标)引起的。     

TC11钛合金锻件中疑似夹杂物缺陷成因分析

某TC11钛合金锻件在铣切加工过程中发现了疑似夹杂物缺陷,采用微观组织形貌观察、微区成分测试对其进行了定性分析,并通过预制夹杂物缺陷熔炼验证试验,确定了该缺陷的形成原因。结果表明:该TC11钛合金锻件中的疑似夹杂物缺陷为铣切加工过程中嵌入产品表面的刀具掉落碎块,为铣切加工时瞬间进刀量过大造成铣刀刀尖崩裂所致。     

铁路轴承内圈端面缺陷分析

轴承内圈在磁粉探伤时端面出现磁痕。采用热酸浸低倍检验、金相检验、扫描电镜及能谱等方法对磁痕（缺陷）进行了解剖分析。结果表明,轴承内圈端面上的缺陷由夹杂物或夹渣所致,为冶金缺陷。     

中厚钢板超声波探伤不合格原因分析

针对中厚钢板超声波探伤出现的两类典型缺陷,通过低倍检验和金相检验等手段,并结合实际探伤过程中缺陷的分布位置对探伤不合格的原因进行了分析。结果表明:点状密集型缺陷主要与连铸坯的中心偏析有关,侧边条型缺陷则主要来源于连铸坯的三角区裂纹或靠近三角区的中心裂纹,钢板体部的条型缺陷则是由连铸坯的中间裂纹造成的。     

718H钢与40Cr13钢中心疏松的原因分析及改进措施

某公司生产的718H钢和40Cr13钢在低倍检验时发现有严重疏松。通过化学成分分析、低倍检验、夹杂物检验、金相检验等方法,分析了718H钢和40Cr13钢中心疏松缺陷的形成原因。结果表明:718H钢产生疏松缺陷的主要原因是夹杂物聚集;40Cr13钢产生疏松的主要原因是易偏析溶质元素的析出与聚集;最后根据疏松缺陷的产生原因提出了具体的改进措施。     

Q345B中厚钢板分层缺陷的形成原因

Q345B中厚钢板在拉伸试验后断口出现分层现象，选择分层缺陷严重的部位，采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪等对其显微组织、缺陷形态和微区成分进行了分析。结果表明：Q345B钢板拉伸试样分层的主要原因是元素偏析；连铸时，硫、锰、铌和钛等元素在钢带心部偏析形成了硫化锰、碳化铌和碳化钛等夹杂物；轧制过程中，这些夹杂物使心部组织变形成条状或带状组织，从而引起了钢板的分层。     

A32/A36船板钢拉伸试验分层缺陷原因分析及冶炼工艺改进

A32/A36船板钢在拉伸试验后出现了分层缺陷。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪对分层缺陷严重的部位进行了分析。结果表明:分层缺陷主要与铸坯中存在元素偏析形成的铌、钛碳化物和硫化物夹杂有关。提出了改进冶炼和轧制工艺等相关措施并应用于实际生产,使废品率由12%降低到5%。     

钢轨横截面出现斑痕的原因分析

焊接前的钢轨横截面在打磨过程中出现斑痕。经手提式硬度计检测，钢轨横截面硬度异常，疑是局部偏析或夹杂物等缺陷所致。通过取样检验，钢轨横截面试样正反两面的低倍组织，一面有斑痕，另一面无斑痕；经硬度测定和金相检验，认为钢轨横截面出现的斑痕是因打磨量控制不当，造成钢轨打磨面局部表层温度急剧升高，因钢轨母材仍处于常温状态，使打磨面表层快速冷却产生了马氏体组织转变，致使该面出现斑痕。     

热轧H型钢边部裂纹成因分析

通过对连铸坯进行宏观检验、化学成分分析以及金相检验等,对某钢厂型钢中型生产线生产过程中出现的批量热轧H型钢边裂缺陷产生原因进行了分析。结果表明:连铸坯存在内部裂纹缺陷以及非金属夹杂物含量较高,是导致该批H型钢产生边部裂纹的主要原因。最后针对缺陷成因提出了改进措施,使H型钢的边部裂纹情况得到了有效控制。     

34CrMo1A钢转子内部缺陷分析

34CrMo1A钢转子在制造过程中经超声波探伤发现内部有缺陷,采用宏观检验、金相检验、化学成分分析及断口分析等方法,对转子内部缺陷的类型进行了分析。结果表明:转子内部缺陷性质为白点,其微观断口形貌呈现典型的四周放射状条纹的白点特征,且伴有氧化铝类夹杂物。该批转子氢含量偏高是产生白点缺陷的主要原因。     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.