高炉流程与电炉流程的环境性能比较

高炉-转炉流程和电炉流程是钢铁生产的两个主要流程。以某钢铁联合企业两个流程的实际数据为依据,利用生命周期评价方法比较转炉钢水、电炉钢水以及两个流程产品的环境负荷差别,并且分析钢铁联合企业两个流程的结构变化对企业环境负荷总量的影响。     

当代电炉流程的工程进展评价

从资源，能源，环境和工程经济等背景分析出发，对比了当代电炉流程和高炉－转炉流程的竞争性，讨论了电炉流程现在与未来的产品领域和市场前景，提出了若干类型电炉流程企业结构优化的参考模式。     

高炉-转炉界面流程的研究

通过对沙钢高炉-转炉界面流程的生产组织、物质流量、时间和温度等生产数据的分析,研究了沙钢目前“一包到底”多维物质流的特点,以探讨高炉-转炉之间界面组合技术合理化的趋势。利用解析方法,对高炉-转炉之间界面流程工程问题进行研究,研究表明：合理的铁水运输方式、优化选择与转炉公称容量相同的铁水包的容量而形成的“一包到底”界面流程是高炉-转炉界面技术的发展趋势。     

钢铁工艺流程概述及发展方向初探(上篇)

概述了高炉—转炉传统流程和近年来国内外非高炉—电炉短流程的科研、技术开发及工业生产应用状况,对比了两种钢铁流程在过程优化、能源环保、指标提升方面的差异.重点概述了Corex工艺和气基竖炉直接还原两种非高炉炼铁工艺,一定程度上为钢铁企业即将或正在实施钢铁新流程在方向选择、技术选择上提供了较为全面的借鉴.     

高炉 转炉流程生产过程的硫素流分析

 针对高炉 转炉流程生产过程产生的SO2烟气造成环境污染的问题,以工业代谢理论为基础,应用物质流分析方法,建立了工序的硫素流分析模型。应用该模型,以某钢铁联合企业实际生产数据为例,分析了高炉 转炉生产流程硫的来源和去向,讨论了钢铁生产过程排放的SO2的构成,为进一步研究钢铁工业SO2的减排提供了理论依据。     

三类钢铁制造流程降碳路线综述

根据对钢铁行业低碳发展的分析和设想，未来钢铁生产制造流程将在减量化发展进程中，逐渐演变为高炉-转炉长流程、全废钢电弧炉短流程和氢冶金-电弧炉流程三大类。影响三类钢铁生产制造流程碳排放水平的关键因素包括流程结构、原料结构、能源结构、产品结构、装备水平、管理水平、技术水平等。采用中国钢研构建的双碳分析模型（CISRI-CPCN），绘制了三类流程的降碳路线图。研究结果表明，三类流程碳排放量逐年降低。从2020―2060年，长流程的CO2排放量从2.0 t/t（钢）降低到0.87 t/t（钢），可通过碳汇、碳交易等手段实现碳中和。2050年短流程从0.45 t/t（钢）降低到接近0，有望实现“近零碳”冶炼。2060年氢冶金电弧炉流程（50%废钢+50%HDRI原料结构）从1.31 t/t（钢）降低到接近0，基本实现碳中和。综合考虑国民经济的发展需求，建议未来钢铁行业在减量化发展过程中，对三类流程的产品结构进行逐步调整。长流程的产品结构应逐步过渡到以生产平材产品为主，特别是高端板材，主要布局在沿海深水港地区。短流程应以建筑用长材为切入口，逐步替代中小高炉-转炉流程，部分生产合结钢等优特钢或不锈钢...     

钢铁生产长流程工序能耗数学模型研究

在物料平衡和热平衡模型的基础上，结合有关的工艺参数，建立了以高炉-转炉-轧钢为代表的钢铁生产长流程的工序能耗模型。利用该模型可获得不同生产条件下各工序能耗的计算最小值和长流程的吨钢可比能耗。同时分析了各工艺参数变化对工序能耗的影响，为今后进一步开展节能降耗工作提供参考。     

钢铁行业不宜再盲目发展高炉转炉流程

近日，中国金属学会理事长翁宇庆对我国钢铁行业节能减排形势进行了分析，特别谈到不宣再盲目发展高炉转炉流程。     

高炉—转炉—精炼流程流体温度变化分析

通过对高炉—转炉—精炼工艺流程的流体温度变化进行理论分析,得出各工序温降、升温的理论值,即折罐时铁水罐温降平均为2.24℃/min,鱼雷罐温降为0.78℃/min,转炉流体升温300~400℃,并提出具体措施,保证各工序的温度合格率。     

宝钢制造业流程铁钢界面物流参数的解析

利用钢铁制造流程的多维物流管制理论,对宝钢炼铁炼钢生产界面中的空间组织、时间因素、铁水流量和温度等物流参数进行了解析,并对流程物流调控进行了量化处理,使得高炉—铁水预处理—转炉流程的整体优化具有数据支撑。分析结果表明,流程的衔接匹配是稳定生产的关键,同时指出了宝钢生产流程衔接的不合理之处。     

高炉-转炉钢铁制造流程低碳技术发展与认识

在全球“碳达峰”“碳中和”发展形势下，研究高炉-转炉流程低碳技术发展战略、目标和路径，大幅度降低CO₂排放对钢铁工业实现可持续发展具有重要意义。面向未来，钢铁仍是重要的基础材料、结构材料和功能材料，钢铁工业仍是经济社会发展的重要基础产业。研究分析了日本钢铁工业发展现状及其特征，介绍了高炉-转炉流程减碳关键技术研究及其进展。针对日本钢铁工业减碳技术开发研究，论述了高炉矿焦混装技术、高比率球团矿冶炼技术对于常规高炉降低燃料比的机理和应用效果。讨论了含碳团矿和预还原烧结矿的制备工艺流程，分析了新型炉料制备的关键技术难点，论述了新型炉料在高炉冶炼过程的减碳机理。介绍了SCOPE 21新型炼焦工艺的构成、技术特点和应用效果；针对铁焦制备的工艺过程、冶金机理和使用效果进行了评述。重点论述了新一代高炉炼铁工艺COURSE 50的工艺组成、技术路线和流程特征，阐述了核心技术难点和关键技术构成以及工程应用前景。分析了构建智能化高炉信息物理系统对高炉减碳的支撑作用，指出了高炉智能化与低碳化协同发展的重要性。结合日本高炉-转炉流程减碳技术发展现状及未来方向，提出了制定可行的减碳技术战略...     

钢铁制造流程技术进步与钢铁企业可持续发展

通过钢铁生产工艺流程技术的演进并结合国情,阐述如何看待和参与电炉流程发展及钢铁企业可持续发展。叙述了钢铁生产工艺流程技术的发展简史,对长、短流程技术做了比较,同时列出了电炉炼钢技术进步要点,分析了我国电炉流程存在的问题,特别提出了对我国电炉流程的认识。预计到本世纪中叶,长、短两种流程会互相渗透、并存发展直至两者在一个最佳点上达到平衡,不远的将来,新的钢铁制造流程一定会出现。     

高炉转炉流程生产洁净钢工艺优化研究

简述了洁净钢生产的基本概念，重点论述了高炉转炉流程生产洁净钢的工艺优化问题，提出了该流程大规模，低成本生产洁净钢的基本思路。     

汽车用高性能齿轮钢的研究与开发

莱钢采用UHP电炉冶炼—LF精炼-连铸-热送-轧制短流程开发生产20CrMnTiH齿轮钢，采取了应用精料、加强脱氧、全过程保护浇注等工艺措施，使生产出的产品具有末端淬透性带窄、氧含量低、夹杂物少、晶粒细小的特点，较好地满足了当前汽车工业对高质量齿轮钢的要求。     

Application of the triad of blast furnace,oxygen converter,and electric arc furnace for reducing of carbon footprint

Carbon footprint is the mass of carbon formed in the full cycle of manufacturing one kind or another product. This carbon is included in greenhouse gases. During production of iron and steel are generated carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases: methane, and carbon dioxide. Methane and carbon monoxide burn to carbon dioxide by secondary energy resources. By this means, the carbon footprint by the production of iron and steel has determined by the weight of carbon dioxide formed in this production. As results of analysis of the processes of manufacture of iron and steel, it has revealed that the tandem of blast furnace with electric arc furnace is characterized by a lower value of integrated emissions of CO₂ than the tandem of blast furnace with an oxygen converter. It was proposed to process of the cast iron made by one blast furnace, then in the oxygen converter, and, at last, in one or more electric arc furnaces. Moreover, the electric arc furnace is loaded by 30% of iron produced in blast furnace, and the remaining 70% are complemented by metal scrap. In the oxygen converter is loaded, the part of cast iron (75–85%), that remained after processing in the arc furnace. The converter is applied the metal scrap for full loading. Calculations of total emission of carbon dioxide for different triads of these units are made. Simultaneous use of oxygen converter with electric arc furnaces for cast iron smelting (obtained from one blast furnace) helps to reduce reliably the emission of carbon dioxide to 20% as it is follows from these calculations. This suggests that such a triad of used units conforms to green technology. Example of the use of mentioned triad is for a full load of the converter applied to metal scrap. The calculations total emissions of carbon dioxide for different triads of these units were performed. From these calculations it follows that the simultaneous use of oxygen converters after electric arc furnaces for smelting iron (obtained from one blast furnace), it helps to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide to 20%. This suggests that this triad of used units conforms to green technology. An example of using this triad is in the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, where along with the oxygen converter, electric arc furnaces with the use of locally produced electricity at burning fuel of secondary energy resources from units, in which the fuel is burnt. This practice can be recommended for a number of other metallurgical enterprises.     

高炉中碱金属和锌的循环及危害控制

结合鞍钢及有关企业生产实际,阐述了高炉中碱金属、锌的影响和危害,并通过入炉原燃料、炉渣、粉尘等取样化验及对高炉的碱、锌负荷及收支平衡进行统计,掌握了碱金属和锌在高炉中的分布与来龙去脉,此外结合热力学分析进一步明确了碱金属和锌在高炉内的反应和循环过程,并提出了碱金属和锌富集的预防控制措施。     

水冶高炉能量平衡分析与节能途径

以水冶高炉为例进行能量平衡分析，并在目前冶炼条件下，提出进一步降焦节能的途径，对高炉节能降耗有一定的指导意义。     

PROPERTIES AND FEATURES OF DIRECT REDUCED IRON

The blast furnace process is still the predominant method for primary iron production. However, the disadvantages inherent to the process led to the development of alternative processes such as the mini blast furnace process, smelting reduction process, and direct reduction process. Many of these alternative processes are still under development. However, direct reduction processes have reached some level of commercial applicability and are considered to be the most developed alternative ironmaking route. It is coke-less and environmentally friendlier when compared to the blast furnace process. In addition, direct reduced iron has a well-defined chemical composition when compared with steel scrap and has efficient melting properties in the electric arc furnace. Consequently, there is a great increase in the demand for direct reduced iron in electric arc steel making. These attractive features have led to an increase in worldwide production of direct reduced iron, which is currently approaching 50 million tons. Thus, direct reduced iron is gaining more importance. Hence, this article summarizes the basic properties and features of direct reduced iron.     

Study on metallurgical properties and pellet proportioning technology of stainless steel cold-rolling sludge

With a complicated composition,large production and serious damage to the environment,stainless steel cold- rolling sludge has been a focal point concerning environmental protection for stainless steel enterprises. Up to now , neither at home nor abroad have any technologies come into being that are not only proper,safe and economical but also suitable for bulk utilization of stainless steel cold-rolling sludge. Based on the characteristics of the stainless steel cold- rolling sludge,orthogonal experiments were carried out on pellet proportioning and high-temperature roasting,and major metallurgical properties of sludge pellets were also tested. As the results show ,pellets with 30% addition of cold-rolling sludge are qualified regarding their compressive strength,chemical composition and major metallurgical properties. No adverse impact happens to the blast furnace operation when sludge pellets account for 10% of the blast furnace raw materials. Therefore,the technical route applied in this paper is proved simple,feasible and environmentally friendly for cold-rolling sludge treatment.     

The end of the blast furnace era?

This paper explores the underlying drivers of steel production to predict the fate of the blast furnace as a steelmaking route. Steel production is driven by demand for stocks of steel products and increases in steel stocks are driven by population growth and economic development. However, per-capita steel stocks are expected to saturate with economic development leading to the long-term saturation of steel demand. Combined with an increase in the availability of end-of-life scrap, this suggests that the electric arc furnace route will be increasingly dominant. Furthermore, with an increasingly resource and carbon constrained world, material efficiency strategies will be required to provide the same services with less liquid steel. These factors may usher in the end of the blast furnace era within the next 50 years. This paper is based on research undertaken as part of the WellMet2050 project, and was delivered at the Cleveland Institution of Engineers debate in December 2014.