十二烷基酰胺丙基磷酸酯甜菜碱的复配性能研究

在298 K,0.1 mol/L NaCl水溶液中,分别研究了十二烷基酰胺丙基磷酸甜菜碱(C_(12)-APA)/十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基酰胺丙基磷酸甜菜碱(C_(12)-APA)/脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚9(AEO_9)混合表面活性剂体系在不同摩尔比下的表面化学性质,通过常规溶液理论计算了混合体系的协同作用参数。结果表明,SDS/C_(12)-APA混合体系具有比单一表面活性剂更好的表面活性,当摩尔比n(SDS)/n(C_(12)-APA+SDS)为0.5时,混合物的协同作用最强;由SDS/C_(12)-APA和AEO_9/C_(12)-APA复配体系的微极性和胶束聚集数,可简单判定SDS/C_(12)-APA复配体系具有协同效应,而AEO_9和C_(12)-APA形成的混合体系没有协同效应,并且混合体系形成了比原来更小更稳定的胶束结构。     

两性离子/阴离子表面活性剂复配体系协同作用的研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和两性离子表面活性剂月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱(LMB)的形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力的协同增效作用。发现SDS和LMB质量比在7:3至3:7范围内增效作用显著。并考察了无机盐对表面活性剂复配体系泡沫性能的影响,结果表明,低浓度的无机盐会使表面活性剂复配体系表面张力和CMC下降,发泡力上升,高浓度的无机盐会使表面活性剂复配体系发泡力下降。例如0.1mol/L的NaCl使0.0025%的复配体系表面张力下降1.73mN/m,0.17mol/L的NaCl使2%的复配体系泡沫高度上升7.2%,而NaCl浓度超过0.26mol/L后会使泡沫高度降低。     

阴阳离子复配体系的表面活性及应用性能

研究了2种具有不同EO加合数的阴离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙基磺酸钠[NPSO-n(n=5,8)]与阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)复配体系的表面活性和应用性能、混合吸附层和混合胶束的组成及相互作用参数(βs和βm)。结果表明:复配体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)较单一组分低得多,并随1227摩尔分数的增加而降低,当1227的摩尔分数达0.5时,cmc最低,比单一表面活性剂的cmc低2个数量级;并且混合胶束和混合吸附层中的分子相互作用较强,混合胶束和混合吸附层中阴阳离子表面活性剂的摩尔比接近1∶1;2种复配体系均具有比单一阴离子表面活性剂更好的泡沫、润湿和乳化性能。     

茶皂素与十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系浮选去除废水中金属离子的研究

研究了非离子生物表面活性剂茶皂素(TS)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系的表面活性及无机盐的影响、浮选去除废水中铜离子的处理效果。结果表明,当TS与SDS的混合比例为0.2∶1~0.3∶1时,复配体系的表面张力和临界胶束浓度均降至最低,起泡性和稳泡性均比较稳定;无机盐主要对溶液中的SDS表面活性产生影响,茶皂素性质比较稳定,基本不受影响。采用TS∶SDS=0.25∶1的复配体系进行浮选,溶液中铜离子的去除效率可以达到92%。     

烷基糖苷-十二烷基甜菜碱复配性能及无机盐的影响

考察了非离子型表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)和两性表面活性剂十二烷基甜菜碱(BS-12)之间的复配性能,测定了不同摩尔比的APG和BS-12复配体系的表面张力、泡沫和乳化性能,并且研究了无机盐对复配体系表面活性的影响。结果表明,与单独任一表面活性剂体系相比,APG和BS-12复配体系具有较好的表面活性,呈现明显的协同增效作用;在摩尔比为3∶7时,复配体系的表面活性最高、起泡性能最好、形成的泡沫和乳状液最稳定,协同增效作用最显著。此外,无机盐的加入提高了复配体系的表面活性,当NaCl浓度为0.03 mol·L-1时,表面张力和临界胶束浓度最小,表面活性最高;而对于无机盐,其离子价态越高,提高表面活性程度越明显;相比之下,阳离子提高复配体系表面活性的能力大于阴离子。     

阴离子-两性离子表面活性剂复配体系及NaCl对其表面活性的影响

研究了阴离子表面活性剂正十二烷基磺酸钠(C12)与两性离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基氧化胺(OB-2)复配体系形成胶束能力和降低表面张力的协同增效作用,发现C12与OB-2摩尔比为6∶4~3∶7时增效作用明显。并考察了NaC l对复配体系表面活性的影响,结果表明,加盐能导致复配体系表面活性的提高,在NaC l含量为3%~4%时,对复配体系粘度有明显增强作用。     

一种酯型双子表面活性剂的合成及其协同效应

通过酯化、溴代和季铵化反应,合成了以乙氧基为联接基的酯型双子(Gemini)阳离子表面活性剂N,N′-双(二甲基十二酸乙酯基)乙醚溴化铵([C11H23COOCH2CH2N (CH3)2CH2CH2OCH2CH2N (CH3)2CH2CH2OOCC11H23].2Br-,Ⅱ-12-EO2)。以表面张力法和稳态荧光法考察了Ⅱ-12-EO2与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系在40℃时0.1 mol.L-1溴化钠水溶液中的表面化学性质和胶束化行为。得到Ⅱ-12-EO2的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.25×10-4mol.L-1,最低表面张力(γcmc)为28.4 mN.m-1。采用稳态荧光法以芘(Py)为荧光探针,Ⅱ-12-EO2的胶束栅栏层的微极性,较一般表面活性剂大,达到1.4,与SDS的复配体系在1.2左右;以十二烷基溴化吡啶为猝灭剂,测定体系的胶束聚集数为15。运用非理想混合表面活性剂分子相互作用理论计算出Ⅱ-12-EO2与SDS复配体系的相互作用参数(β),复配体系具有降低表面张力效率、形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力方面的协同效应。     

Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂与SDBS和SDS的复配行为

采用荧光分光光度法和Zeta电位法考察了系列Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)的复配效果。结果表明,Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂疏水链和连接基越长,cmc越小,且疏水链长度对表面活性剂性能的影响较大;Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂的加入可显著提高阴离子表面活性剂SDBS和SDS的表面活性,当Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂与SDBS或SDS的摩尔比为3:7时,复配体系的cmc最小,且与SDS复配体系的性能优于与SDBS的复配体系。     

NaCl对阴离子/非离子复配表面活性剂的性能影响

研究了NaC l对阴离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)与非离子表面活性剂烷基多苷(APG)复配体系表面活性、乳化力、发泡性能的影响,发现NaC l的加入量在低含量范围内对提高复配体系表面活性及发泡能力有显著提高,同时对体系乳化力变化不明显。     

酮撑联接的双季铵盐表面活性剂性能研究

研究了酮撑联接的双季铵盐表面活性剂(WG04系列)的表面活性,考察了WG04/SDS、WG04/聚合物及WG04/聚合物/Na2CO3复合体系的协同效应。结果表明,WG04系列表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,其水溶液的临界胶束浓度比传统离子表面活性剂低1~3个数量级。其中,WG04-12的cmc为8.9×10-4mol/L,γcmc为28.7 mN/m。复配体系的cmc比相应的WG04水溶液要低,获得明显的表面活性增益。     

The mixed surfactant system of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and alpha olefin sulfonate

Physicochemical and detergency studies on the mixed surfactant system of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate-sodium salt (LABS) and alpha olefin sulfonate-sodium salt (AOS) have been carried out. The binary surfactant system exhibits minima in the surface tension and in the critical micelle concentration when the two surfactants are present in the ratio 80:20, indicating synergism in the mixed monolayer and in mixed micelles at this proportion of the two surfactants. The mixed micelles improve hard-water tolerance of LABS and reduce the loss of LABSvia Ca(LABS)₂ precipitation. Addition of AOS to LABS improves its lime soap dispersion properties. The effect is highly significant when AOS is present at the 20% level in the mixed surfactant system. A synergistic mixture of the two surfactants, when used in phosphate-free, carbonate-built detergent product formulation, exhibits superior detergency, low ash deposit and better stainremoving ability when compared to products containing LABS as the sole active surfactant.     

Selection of surfactant pairs for optimization of interfacial properties

Guidelines are provided for the selection of surfactant pairs when synergism in various interfacial properties in aqueous media is desired. To maximize the reduction of the critical micelle concentration, the two surfactants should show strong attractive interaction in the mixed micelle; in order to maximize efficiency in surface tension reduction, strong interaction in the mixed monolayer at the aqueous solution/air interface (large negativeβ values is needed). The more surface-active material should predominate in the mixture. When interaction is not strong, the two surface-active materials used should have approximately equal surface activities and should be used at equimolar concentration in the aqueous phase. To minimize the surface tension (γ) of the solution, the surfactant-surfactant attractive interaction in the mixed monolayer at the aqueous solution/air interface must exceed that in the mixed micelle. Optimization can be achieved by using two surfactants with approximately equal γ values at their respective critical micelle concentrations (CMC’s). When these γ values are not equal, the surfactant with the higher γ value at its CMC should have the smaller area/molecule at the surface. The greater the difference between attractive interaction at the interface and in the micelle, the lower the value of the surface tension.     

一种含氟烷基磷酸酯类氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

研究了含氟烷基磷酸单酯类表面活性剂[分子式为H(CF2)6CH2OPO(ONa)2,记为DFH-PS]与无机盐和普通碳氢表面活性剂的复配性能,研究结果表明,DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力为23.73 mN/m;当NaCl浓度为0.2 mol/L时,可使DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力下降到21.62 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对该含氟表面活性剂影响显著,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(SDS)=5∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力在很低浓度时降至22.22 mN/m;与非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)混合,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(OP-10)=8∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力降至27.0 mN/m。     

Properties of aqueous solution of a fluorocarbon surfactant and a nonionic surfactant,and their mixtures

The surface tensions of aqueous solutions of lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate (LiFOS) and hexaethyleneglycoln-dodecylether (6ED), and of their mixtures, were measured. The effect of each surfactant additives on the adsorption and the micelle formation was discussed on the basis of the surface tension values using the Langmuir adsorption equation for the mixture of both surfactants and the modified Szyszkowski equation. From these results, in the range of low concentrations of 6ED or LiFOS, some of the 6ED molecules which had already adsorbed on the solution surface were found to be replaced by LiFOS molecules in an addition of LiFOS surfactant and vice-versa. In the ranges of higher concentration above critical micelle concentration (CMC) of each surfactant, it was concluded that the mixed micelle could be formed in the mixed system of both surfactants as well as in the mixed system of two kinds of ordinary hydrocarbon surfactants.     

Lipase-mediated synthesis of alkyl ricinoleates and 12-hydroxy stearates and evaluation of the surfactant properties of their sulfated sodium salts

An efficient and simple lipase-mediated synthesis of alkyl ricinoleates and 12-hydroxy stearates was performed by transesterification of methyl ricinoleate/12-hydroxy stearate and various alcohols in a solvent-free system without estolide formation. The reaction conditions were optimized by varying the temperature, pressure, and dosage of lipase. Sulfates of alkyl ricinoleates/12-hydroxy stearates were evaluated for surfactant properties such as surface tension, critical micelle concentration, emulsifying properties, foaming power, and calcium tolerance. The surfactant properties of sulfated alkyl ricinoleates were found to be superior to the sulfated alkyl 12-hydroxy series. The surfactant properties of the above two series of compounds were then compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the properties of sulfated dodecyl ricinoleate and sulfated dodecyl 12-hydroxy stearate were found to be comparable with sodium dodecyl sulfate.     

新型树枝状非离子表面活性剂的温度与盐效应研究

以3.0代聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM G-3.0)为起始剂,合成了一种新型树枝状非离子表面活性剂。通过表面张力与稳态荧光法研究了其在水溶液和无机盐溶液中的表面性质与聚集行为,并考察了温度对其性质的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,表面活性剂的表面张力逐渐降低,但在研究的温度范围内,临界胶束浓度(CMC)的变化不大。当加入质量浓度为1.0%的NaCl、NaBr及Na2SO4时,均使其表面张力增大;而3种无机盐的加入,对表面活性剂CMC的影响不大。     

Contact angle of surfactant solutions on precipitated surfactant surfaces. II. Effects of surfactant structure,presence of a subsaturated surfactant,pH, and counterion/surfactant ratio

The contact angle of a saturated aqueous surfactant solution on the precipitate of that surfactant was measured by using the sessile drop method. The sodium and calcium salts of alkyl sulfates (C₁₂, C₁₄, and C₁₈) had advancing contact angles higher than those of alkyl trimethylammonium bromides (C₁₄, C₁₆, and C₁₈). The measured advancing contact angles for several surfactant solutions did not substantially change with varying surfactant/counterion ratios; therefore, the precipitating counterion concentration (e.g., water hardness) had little effect on the wettability. The contact angles of fatty acid (C₁₂ and C₁₆) solutions did not show any dependence on pH between a pH of 4 and 10. The contact angles of saturated calcium dodecanoate (CaC₁₂) solutions containing a second subsaturated surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate: NaDS) decreased with increasing NaDS concentrations until reaching the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant mixture. These results show that the second suractant can act as a wetting agent in this saturated surfactant system. Application of Young’s equation to contact angles showed that the solid/liquid surface tension can change substantially with surfactant concentration and be important in addition to the liquid/vapor surface tension in reducing contact angles. Application of the Zisman equation results in a “critical” surface tension for the CaC₁₂ or soap scum of 25.5 mN/m, which is comparable to difluoroethene.     

两性/阴离子表面活性剂复配体系性能研究

采用环氧氯丙烷与磷酸二氢钠反应制备中间体,再与十二叔胺反应,制备甜菜碱型磷酸酯两性表面活性剂,并与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)进行复配。测定复配前后产品的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、泡沫稳定性和乳化能力等性能。结果表明,在最佳合成工艺条件下,甜菜碱型磷酸酯两性表面活性剂的表面张力为30 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为7.98 g/L。对于复配体系,当甜菜碱型磷酸酯表面活性剂与SDBS以质量比6∶4进行复配时增效作用最好,其表面张力为23 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为4.84 g/L,对松节油的乳化性能较好。