高分辨雷达目标回波信号模拟与分析

对高频区复杂目标的散射特性进行分析,建立了基于多散射中心的高分辨雷达目标回波模型,在此基础上对线性调频信号进行模拟,生成目标的回波数据,同时给出了脉冲体制雷达数据采集和存储方法的模型。为验证回波模型的有效性,对仿真的回波数据分别进行脉冲压缩和多普勒处理,处理结果正确反映出目标特征,表明模型可行有效。研究结果可为目标特征提取、目标识别提供技术基础。     

基于混沌,多重分形理论的雷达信号分析和目标识别

本文旨在将混沌、多重分形的理论和方法引入雷达信号处理，分析雷达目标的混沌、分形选特性，以有效进行雷达目标识别．文章统计了飞机目标回波信号的Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数分布情况，并计算了其多重分形维数，然后在此基础上，利用ＡＲＴ２神经网络进行了飞机目标识别的研究，获得较高识别率。本文的研究表明，混沌、多重分形理论结合人工神经网络在目标特性和目标识别的研究中有着良好的应用前景。     

基于FEKO的频率步进导引头回波仿真

频率步进雷达(SFR)导引头通过在频域进行带宽合成,距离分辨力显著提高,可以分辨出复杂目标的细节特征,从而进行抗干扰分析与目标识别。在进行SFR回波信号仿真时,要求回波模型能符合并反映目标的细节特征,目标不能等效为点目标,而散射中心提取法则意味着散射点的舍弃和合并,对目标的细节描述并不准确,为此提出基于FEKO的复杂目标回波信号产生方法。根据频率步进雷达信号时域特征,推导出直接利用FEKO的散射场数据进行时域回波计算的数学模型,并使用FEKO提取目标在各种入射角度下的散射场幅度和相位信息进行存储,在仿真时直接调用散射场数据进行时域回波计算,从而得到复杂目标的高拟真度回波信号模型,在空空导弹数字仿真、半实物仿真和抗干扰研究中具有实用意义。     

小波分析在脉冲压缩雷达中的去噪研究

LFM信号是脉冲压缩雷达的常用信号,针对脉冲压缩回波信号中混有噪声,采用小波分析对其进行消噪。对多个目标的回波进行了仿真,结果表明该方法具有较好的抑制高斯杂波的能力,提高了信噪比,即使目标回波淹没在噪声中,去噪之后也能够识别出来,具有较强的目标识别能力。     

机载激光测深系统中回波信号大动态范围的偏振压缩

采用偏振检测方法 ,对机载激光测深实验系统接收到的大动态范围的水下目标反射的激光回波信号的压缩进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,偏振检测方法能压缩激光回波信号的动态范围至少达一个数量级 ,对水下的激光后向散射有较强的抑制作用 ;对探测水下目标反射的激光回波信号的影响不大。     

海况对海面目标雷达回波的影响分析

海面自身随机多变的特性会对海面目标的雷达回波信号检测产生重要影响。文中利用分形方法对海面建模仿真, 模拟了五种不同的海况,基于雷达工作原理设计了一款雷达视频回波信号仿真软件,提高了仿真的逼真度和实时性。针对雷达散射截面(RCS)不同的舰船目标模拟仿真雷达回波,研究了海况对海面目标雷达回波的影响。结果表明:随海况等级的增加,海杂波噪声信号增强,RCS 相对较小目标的雷达回波会逐渐被海杂波淹没。海面目标雷达回波仿真软件既能用于分析海面及目标的电磁散射特性;同时,在目标检测与识别中会有重要应用价值。     

基于压缩感知的弹道导弹微多普勒提取方法

利用微多普勒识别弹道目标的关键是宽带雷达回波信号的微多普勒提取。宽带雷达回波信号的高速采样对硬件和算法提出了更高的要求。将压缩感知方法应用到宽带雷达回波信号的微多普勒提取中,并给出了弹道导弹目标的微多普勒计算公式和利用压缩感知重构弹道导弹微多普勒的方法。在低采样频率下利用压缩感知理论从回波信号中提取的微多普勒,与在高采样频率下利用Gabor变换提取的微多普勒是一致的,这表明利用压缩感知理论以低频率采样弹道导弹回波信号,提取微多普勒,降低工程实现难度的方法是可行的、有效的。     

防空雷达飞机回波的扩展分形特性分析与目标分类研究

低分辨雷达飞机回波的扩展分形特性提供了对目标回波在不同尺度下的粗糙度的精细描述,为防空雷达飞机目标的分类和识别提供了一种新的途径。该文在介绍扩展分形理论的基础上,首先利用扩展分形分析手段,对从某VHF波段防空警戒雷达上录取的飞机目标回波数据的扩展分形特性进行了分析,然后从模式识别的角度出发,提出了基于扩展分形特征的防空雷达飞机目标分类方法,最后采用不同类型飞机目标的实测回波数据进行分类识别实验,对该方法的性能进行了对比和分析。分类识别实验的结果表明,广义Hurst指数等扩展分形特征参数可以作为飞机目标分类和识别的有效特征,所提出的方法具有良好的分类识别性能,是一种有效的目标分类方法。      

基于混沌、多重分形理论的雷达信号分析和目标识别

本文旨在将混沌、多重分形的理论和方法引入雷达信号处理,分析雷达目标的混沌、分形特性,以有效进行雷达目标识别。文中统计了飞机目标回波信号的Lyapunov指数分布情况,并计算了其多重分形维数,然后在此基础上,利用ART2神经网络进行了飞机目标识别的研究,获得较高识别率。本文的研究表明,混沌、多重分形理论结合人工神经网络在目标特性和目标识别的研究中有着良好的应用前景。     

利用压缩感知实现随机变频雷达散射中心估计

随机变频信号体制不仅可以降低系统瞬时带宽和数据采样率,还具有很强的抗干扰能力,然而,信号频率的随机变化导致现有目标散射中心估计方法失效。推导了随机变频信号的回波模型,在分析回波稀疏特性的基础上,提出了一种基于压缩感知的散射中心模型参数估计方法,将参数估计问题转化为压缩感知理论中的稀疏信号重构问题,并分析了感知矩阵对稀疏信号的重构性能。实验结果表明,所提方法能够在降低数据采样率的情况下对目标散射中心参数进行有效估计。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.