Transmission line fault location for single-phase-to-earth fault onnon-direct-ground neutral system

A new method for locating single-phase-to-earth faults on the transmission line of nondirect ground neutral power systems is presented. The method employs the faulted phase network and zero-sequence network as the fault location models. It effectively eliminates the effect of load and fault resistance on the accuracy of fault location. The technique embodies an accurate location by measuring only one local end data. The method is used in a procedure that provides the automatic determination of faulted line and phase, rather than requires engineer to specify them. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the algorithm under the condition of earth fault     

A new and accurate fault location algorithm for combined transmission lines using Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System

This paper presents a new and accurate algorithm for locating faults in a combined overhead transmission line with underground power cable using Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The proposed method uses 10 ANFIS networks and consists of 3 stages, including fault type classification, faulty section detection and exact fault location. In the first part, an ANFIS is used to determine the fault type, applying four inputs, i.e., fundamental component of three phase currents and zero sequence current. Another ANFIS network is used to detect the faulty section, whether the fault is on the overhead line or on the underground cable. Other eight ANFIS networks are utilized to pinpoint the faults (two for each fault type). Four inputs, i.e., the dc component of the current, fundamental frequency of the voltage and current and the angle between them, are used to train the neuro-fuzzy inference systems in order to accurately locate the faults on each part of the combined line. The proposed method is evaluated under different fault conditions such as different fault locations, different fault inception angles and different fault resistances. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method can be used as an efficient means for accurate fault location on the combined transmission lines.     

基于单端电气量的故障测距算法

本文提出了一种单端故障测距算法。根据零序电网不含负荷的特点，利用故障相电路和零序等值电路，推导出了一个精确的接地故障测距模型，消除了接地过渡电阻和对端运行状况的影响。本算法不同于以往的基于频域的正弦稳态算法．利用拉氏变换与Z-变换的关系，由频域变换到Z域，再进行Z反变换转换到时域，是一种基于时问域的测距算法。文章先对该方法进行了理论推导，然后利用EMTP对其进行数字仿真，结果证明了该算法的正确性。     

Transmission line fault location using digital fault recorders

A technique for the location of transmission line faults using voltage and current measurements from one end of the faulted line is presented. The method differs from past approaches in that a time domain rather than a frequency domain representation of voltage and current is used. A phase network model is used, permitting explicit treatment of self and mutual impedance effects for either a single three-phase circuit or two parallel three-phase circuits. The algorithm will be used as one of the analysis functions for a digital fault recorder. Test results are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithm under various system conditions and configurations. Results compare favorably with those obtained using previously reported fault location methods. Estimated fault locations are within 3 to 4% of the actual fault location. Most cases show errors within 2% of the actual fault location     

基于故障信息的高阻接地故障辨识与定位方法

高压输电线路发生高阻接地故障时,由于受过渡电阻的影响,线路保护动作行为较为复杂,故障测距结果往往误差过大。针对以上问题,提出了一种高阻接地故障辨识和故障定位的方法。该方法的核心思想是基于故障录波数据,计算故障区域各条线路两侧电流矢量和及跳闸线路两侧零序电流比值,然后根据序网络故障分析和差动保护原理,利用电网分布式继电保护计算系统进行故障辨识和定位。计算和现场巡线结果表明该方法受过渡电阻和负荷电流的影响很小,故障定位精度较高,可满足现场的应用要求。     

基于电流极性比较的主动配电网故障定位方法

馈线终端单元在主动配电网发生故障时实现对配电网的主动控制,需要简单有效的控制算法。因此,提出了基于电流极性比较的主动配电网故障定位方法。该方法采用馈线终端单元实时检测故障电流,将电流突变时刻作为故障起始点,记录故障后半个周波数据,并计算其极性。通过比较相邻检测点故障电流的极性,实现故障定位。仿真和现场验证结果表明,该方法在主动配电网发生相间短路故障和单相接地故障时均能实现准确的故障定位。     

基于潮流计算的直流配电网单极接地故障定位算法

提出了一种基于潮流计算的直流配电网单极接地故障定位算法。通过分析流过接地故障点的电流特征,发现故障暂态过程结束后,故障点对地电压近似为零。利用潮流计算得到负荷电流分布,配合故障点对地电压近似为零的条件,计算每个节点故障时各个测量点对地残余电压的分布情况。将其与故障时各测量点残余电压分布情况进行比较,一致性最高的即为距实际故障点最近的节点。进一步利用阻抗法确定故障点的准确位置。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

An accurate fault location algorithm for parallel transmission lines using one-terminal data

An accurate fault location algorithm for parallel transmission lines, using fundamental frequency components of post-fault voltage and current measured at one terminal, is described in this paper. Parallel transmission lines can be decoupled into the common component net and differential component net. In differential component net, the current distributing coefficient is a function of fault distance, and the differential component current at the fault point can be expressed in terms of the current at the local terminal. Therefore, for asymmetrical faults, the phase fault current can also be expressed as a function of local terminal current and fault distance. With the fault boundary conditions for a given fault type, the fault location equations can then be derived. Based on distributed parameter line model, the proposed algorithm achieves superior locating accuracy, with mutual coupling between circuits, source impedance and fault resistance having very little influence on the locating accuracy. The performance of new algorithm is verified by computer simulation results for transposed and non-transposed lines.     

基于金属护层模型参数辨识的电缆单相故障单端测距方法

电缆大部分故障均与金属护层相关,仅考虑缆芯电气结构参数的模型无法实现护层相关的故障测距。为解决配电网电缆单相故障测距困难的问题,提出了基于金属护层模型参数辨识的电缆单相故障单端测距方法。以配电网单相故障零模等效网络作为辨识模型,将故障距离、过渡电阻、对地电容作为模型的未知参数,利用电缆单相接地故障后缆芯和护层中的暂态信息并结合故障状态网络和零模等效模型,建立时域测距方程作为参数辨识目标函数,用最小二乘算法进行最优参数求解,得到故障距离。ATP-EMTP仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性,且测距精度高。     

改进模因算法在含DG配电网故障定位中的应用

分布式电源的接入导致传统的故障定位方法不再适用,为了实现配电网快速定位,提出一种基于改进模因算法故障定位算法。首先构建能动态适应分布式电源投切的开关函数,然后以变电站为基础将复杂配电网络分区,划分为相互独立的子网络。将含有多条馈线的子网络划分为几个区域,通过等效原则,在对某一区域进行故障定位的时候,将其他区域进行等效,这样不仅降低了可行解的维度,使计算的复杂性降低,同时也简化了开关函数的计算。利用蚁群算法产生初始种群,模因算法对配电网进行故障定位,仿真结果表明算法能快速的求解出单点故障和多点故障,在信息缺失和畸变情况下,算法也有良好的容错能力。     

配电网故障区间定位的改进矩阵算法

分析目前配电网故障定位算法中存在的不足,结合配电网的结构特点,提出网络关系矩阵概念和用于故障定位的改进矩阵算法。该算法与之前的矩阵算法及其他改进矩阵算法相比,具有原理简单,无须复杂的运算且运算量小,实时性好的特点。不仅适用于单电源供电的简单配电网故障定位,也适用于多电源供电的复杂配电网故障定位。不仅可以快速准确地定位单点故障,也可以快速准确地定位多点故障。甚至各台柱上FTU上传主站的信号发生畸变时,仍能快速准确地定位故障,具有非常好的容错性能。实例分析和案例仿真表明该算法的可行性与准确性。     

配电网故障定位的改进通用矩阵算法

分析了目前配电网故障定位算法中存在的问题,针对馈线区域和开关设备拓扑联接关系的网络关联描述矩阵模型,提出了一种配电网故障定位的改进通用矩阵算法,该算法在通用矩阵算法的基础上,对配电网末端故障及多电源复故障问题提出了新的判据,可快速地定位出故障区域,同时能确定出隔离该区域所应断开的电源侧开关,不仅能对配电网单一故障进行定位,而且能对配电网末端故障以及多电源复故障做出快速、准确的诊断。该算法判据简单,通过算例证明了该判据的有效性。     

一种配电网单相接地故障定位新方法

10kV配电网结构复杂、分支众多,使单相接地故障定位问题难以解决。针对配电网的特点,提出了一种基于改进的C型行波法与直流信号注入法相结合的配电网单相接地故障定位方法。该方法利用不同定位方法的互补性来提高单相接地故障定位的有效性与准确性,实现了单相接地故障点的准确定位。经理论分析和ATP仿真表明,该方法能够快速准确定位出故障点。     

考虑弧长动态变化的配电网电弧接地故障建模及辨识

目前针对配电网电弧故障的研究大多忽略电弧弧长变化因素的影响,电弧故障模型与实际配电网电弧故障相差较大,电弧接地故障辨识不准确。为此,搭建了考虑弧长动态变化的电弧接地故障模型。在此基础上,分析了电弧接地故障稳态零序电流的时域波形差异,提出了一种基于稳态零序电流加权欧式距离的电弧接地故障辨识方法,实现对电弧故障的有效辨识。利用PSCAD搭建10 kV配电网模型,大量电弧接地故障仿真实验结果表明,所提电弧故障模型准确有效,可以准确描述电弧电流、电压和故障特性。所提辨识方法能够准确辨识故障类型,且所提方法不受故障初相角、故障位置的影响,为配电网故障精准可靠感知提供依据。     

Time domain solution of fault distance estimation and arcing faultsdetection on overhead lines

In this paper a new numerical algorithm for arcing faults detection and fault distance estimation is presented. The solution is given in the time domain. It is based on the line terminal voltages and currents processing. A simple new mathematical model of arc voltage is introduced in the estimation. Thereby, the more accurate approach to fault location is derived, particularly for the close-in faults. The new algorithm can be utilized for blocking the automatic reclosing. The unknown model parameters, including the line resistance and inductance, fault resistance and arc voltage amplitude, are estimated by using the least error squares method. The new algorithm is successfully tested through computer simulation and laboratory tests     

基于分布式行波检测的配电网单相接地故障定位方法

为解决复杂树型配电网长期存在的单相接地故障精确定位难题,分析了故障行波模量的传输特性,提出了一种基于两种行波原理组合的故障定位新方法。该方法首先建立多端定位算法查找故障主干线路,缩小故障定位范围;然后提出基于行波模量时差的双端定位算法,利用行波线模分量与零模分量的行波传输时差准确计算故障距离;最后,综合利用多端与双端定位结果确定故障精确位置。经仿真验证,该方法仅需在部分配电线路末端安装行波定位装置即可实现配电网全网线路的精确故障定位,有效节省了装置投资成本,具有数据处理量少、算法实现简单等优点。     

风电场并网输电线路单相接地故障单端测距方法

采用故障后及单相跳闸后2个时间断面的信息构建方程描述输电线路两侧断路器之间的网络拓扑,能够实现输电线路故障单端精确测距。但该方法假设2个时间断面下量测点对端系统阻抗保持不变且故障支路恒定,使得现有立足风电场并网输电线路系统侧开展测距的常规做法失效。针对该问题,提出了立足风电场侧面向于系统侧开展测距研究的思路,克服了量测点对端系统阻抗在2个时间断面下变化的问题;针对测距算法中使用迭代搜索解法带来的风电场侧电流量测值偏小导致的高阻故障测距精度显著下降的问题,提出了不受故障类型影响的直接求解方程测距新算法,能够直接计算得到故障距离和过渡电阻值,不仅实现了精确测距且对于后续的自适应重合闸研究提供了新思路。     

基于模型识别的有源配电网单相接地故障定位方法

分布式电源(distributed generation, DG)大量接入使配电网继电保护面临严峻挑战。单相接地故障发生概率大,但故障信息十分微弱,特别是在DG多样化故障输出特性的影响下,有源配电网单相故障定位的准确性常难以保证。为此,提出了一种基于模型识别的有源配电网单相接地故障定位方法。分析了配电网单相接地故障下DG的输出特性,建立了在不同故障位置下有源配电网的正序增广网络,构建了故障位置关于馈线出口以及DG输出电流的函数,建立了配电网单相接地故障位置模型,利用不同故障位置下短路电流矢量占比系数的差异性构建了新的故障定位判据。通过将单相接地故障定位问题转化为故障位置模型系数的求解问题,提高了故障定位的准确性和实用性。理论和仿真分析表明,在不同故障位置、不同过渡电阻下均能准确定位单相接地故障,具有原理清晰、故障特征量采集便捷、灵敏性和可靠性高的优点。     

同塔双回线电弧故障单端测距算法

高压输电线路的短路故障多伴随有电弧,针对目前众多故障定位算法中没有考虑过渡电阻的非线性特性的现状,提出了一种使用单端电气量进行故障测距的算法,该算法首先将耦合双回线解耦为同向量和反向量,根据反向量序网两端电压为零的特点,仅利用单侧电流推导故障点处的电压和电流,然后根据电弧故障电压、电流的转移特性构造测距方程,并利用最小二乘方法求解,实现故障测距。该算法使用了最小二乘方法得到故障距离,不需要输入对端系统等值阻抗,从理论上保证了该算法具有较高的测距精度。该算法理论分析简单,电磁暂态程序ATP仿真结果表明该测距算法有效、精度高。     

基于分布参数模型的比相式单相故障单端测距算法

高压输电线路故障以单相接地短路为主,针对此类故障开展高精度的故障定位研究具有重要意义。基于集中参数模型的单端测距算法忽略分布电容的影响,在实际故障点距测量点较远时必然带来较大的误差。针对该问题文章提出了一种基于分布参数线路模型的电压、电流比相式单端测距算法,其原理为：通过相模变换与反变换估算出沿线各点故障相电压与相电流的分布,利用线路故障相残压与故障分量电流相位差最小的特征进行定位。该算法基于工频量,对采样率要求不高,大量的ATP仿真试验验证了该算法的有效性。