阴-非离子松香乳化剂的制备和应用

以非离子乳化剂Tween-20为原料,无水醋酸钠为催化剂,利用磺化和酯化反应,合成性能优良的改性阴-非离子松香乳化剂。用该乳化剂制备松香乳液,并对松香乳液的粒径和稳定性进行了研究。通过对乳化剂合成工艺影响因素考察,得出最佳工艺条件:催化剂用量1.25%、反应温度80℃、反应时间4 h、n(OP-10)︰n(马来酸酐)=1︰1。使用该条件下自制乳化剂制备的松香乳液的稳定性好、粒径较小。     

造纸用阳离子分散松香胶的制备

对低速常压逆转乳化法制备造纸用阳离子分散松香乳液的条件进行探讨,并对所得的产品性能及施胶效果进行测定。最适宜的乳化条件为:乳化剂用量为松香用量的10%、助乳化剂用量为松香用量的25%,乳化温度为150~160℃、转相温度为100℃;在乳液制备初期搅拌速度为150~200r/min为宜,加入热水后搅拌速度为2000r/min,转相后搅拌速度为100r/min。施胶度(cobb值)为23·45g/m2。     

松香型阳离子乳化剂的制备及性能

为探索一种优化的松香型阳离子乳化剂生产工艺,以松香、三甲胺与环氧氯丙烷为原料,采用单变量考察的方法探索了反应物配比、反应时间、温度、溶剂对阳离子松香酯化率的影响,研究表明,乙醇为溶剂,n(松香):n(三甲胺):n(环氧氯丙烷)=1.1:1:1,反应温度为100℃,反应时间3.5 h的条件下,酯化率可以达到83.4%.用红外光谱以及核磁共振氢谱对目标产物进行了表征,并研究了目标产物的表面性能.结果表明该表面活性剂有良好的表面活性,并对松香有很好的乳化性能.     

阳离子蜡乳液的制备工艺

选用Span-60（失水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯）、Tween-60（聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬脂酸酯）和阳离子乳化剂A作为石蜡的乳化剂,考察了乳化剂的用量、乳化温度、乳化时间以及搅拌速度等因素对石蜡乳化的影响;通过试验确定了制取阳离子蜡乳液的最佳工艺条件：乳化剂的用量为蜡用量的20％、乳化温度为85℃-90℃、乳化时间为50min,搅拌速度为300r／min时,可制得稳定的阳离子蜡乳液。     

响应曲面法优化水包油型天然松香乳液的制备

以天然马尾松松香为原料、ONIST APS-350为乳化剂采用常压转相法制备水包油（O/W）型天然松香乳液。考察了乳化剂用量、初始乳化温度、油水比（松香和水质量比,下同）与搅拌速度对O/W型天然松香乳液粒径分布的影响,并通过响应曲面法（RSM）对制备乳液的工艺参数进行模拟与优化。结果表明：制备O/W型天然松香乳液的最佳工艺条件为搅拌速度500 r/min、乳化剂用量9.95%、初始乳化温度112℃、油水比10：31,所得乳液平均粒径为131.1 nm,乳液离心稳定,静置3个月不分层,通过TEM表征发现,这种天然松香乳液颗粒具有核壳结构,其粒径大小与粒径仪测试结果一致。     

松香和松香酯乳液制备的研究进展

国内制备松香和松香酯乳液主要采用常温常压转相贩性剂制备松香乳液,国外则普遍采用阳离子高分子分散剂来制备阳离子松香乳液.国内有关松香酯乳液制备的研究较少,其需求主要依靠进口,国外大部分公司采用非离子型改性的阴离子型乳化剂.     

有机硅/聚醚复合乳液消泡剂的配制

将二甲基硅油、聚醚、复合乳化剂和助乳化剂复配 ,制得有机硅 /聚醚复合乳液消泡剂。讨论了乳化剂、助乳化剂的种类及用量、二甲基硅油规格及用量对乳液稳定性和消泡效果的影响。较佳配方为1 0 0份复合乳液消泡剂中粘度 ( 2 5℃ )为 5 0 0mPa·s的二甲基硅油 1 0～ 2 0份、羟值为 40～ 5 6mgKOH/g的聚醚 1 0～ 2 0份、复合乳化剂 4 5份、助乳化剂 1～ 3份 ,乳化温度 60℃。对于脱墨液、草浆黑液、涂布剂和阳离子松香施胶剂 ,有机硅 /聚醚复合乳液消泡剂的应用效果优于单纯的聚醚消泡剂和有机硅消泡剂 ,消泡速度更快 ,用量更少。     

阳离子沥青乳化剂合成及乳化性能研究

以环烷酸、乙二胺为原料,在160℃下氮气中反应,再升高温度到245℃后得到中间体化合物咪唑啉,并用硫酸二甲酯对其进行季铵化反应得到季铵盐型阳离子咪唑啉沥青乳化剂。测定了该乳化剂的HLB值为8.67、发泡力为27 mm。研究了影响该沥青乳化剂稳定性的主要因素。实验表明,乳化剂水溶液的pH值对乳化效果的影响最大。该沥青乳化剂的最佳乳化条件是pH值为3~4,乳化剂用量为0.8%~1.5%,控制油温在110~120℃,水温在65~70℃。     

新型松香乳化剂的研制

分散松春胶是造纸工业利用新的制胶工艺生产的一种浆内施胶剂。制备优良的分散松香胶,必须利用高效乳化剂。本研究工作,从常用化工原材料着手,利用氮磺酸磺化法、低温中和法,合成了高效松香乳化剂——脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠溶液。重点讨论了氯磺酸用量、反应温度、真空度、原材料四因素对磺化反应的影响,及温度、碱含量、磺化液三因素对中和反应的影响。提出了最佳生产工艺条件。     

Mannich法合成木质素胺型沥青乳化剂及其分析

以木质素、四乙烯五胺(TEPA)及甲醛为主要原料,通过M ann ich反应合成出一种阳离子沥青乳化剂———木质素胺。并以十二烷基硫酸钠为滴定剂,采用电导滴定法对产物进行分析,确定最佳的工艺条件为:温度(85±0.5)℃,甲醛∶TEPA(质量比)=3.9∶1,反应时间3 h,木质素的加入量31 g。乳化实验结果表明,该木质素胺是一种性能良好的阳离子沥青乳化剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.