GMPLS通用多协议标签与标签交换路径

现有传输网络的结构限制了数据业务的发展，迫切需要开发新技术以解决这个问题。GMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)是MPLS技术向光网络发展的产物。它有效地实现了IP和WDM光网络的融合，是IP over WDM发展的一种趋势。本主要介绍了GMPLS接口和通用多协议标签的特点及实现形式，LSP(标签交换路径)分级技术，以及双向LSP的特点及实现方法。     

GMPLS与自动交换光网络

GMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)是MPLS技术向光网络发展的产物。它有效地实现了IP和WDM光网络的无缝融合，很好的满足了自动交换光网络控制面的需要。本文主要研究了GMPLS的接口类型和标签、自动交换光网络(ASON)的控制面以及GMPLS在ASON中的应用。     

GMPLS通用多协议标签与标签交换路径

现有传输网络的结构限制了数据业务的发展,迫切需要开发新技术以解决这个问题。GMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)是MPLS技术向光网络发展的产物。它有效地实现了IP和WDM光网络的融合,是IP over W DM发展的一种趋势。本文主要介绍了GMPLS接口和通用多协议标签的特点及实现形式,LSP(标签交换路径)分级技术,以及双向LSP的特点及实现方法。     

基于GMPLS的IP over WDM

GMPLS（通用多协议标记交换）是MPLS技术向光网络发展的产物。它有铲地实现了IP和WDM光网络的无缝结合，是IP over WDM发展的一种趋势。本文主要介绍了GMPLS通用标记的特点及实现形式，LSP（标记交换路径）技术，以及链路管理协议LMP的特点及实现方法。     

GMPLS——IP与WDM无缝融合的关键

1 GMPLS的概念 CMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)是IETF提出的可用于光层的一种通用多协议标签交换技术,为了实现IP与WDM的无缝结合,GMPLS对MPLS标签进行了扩展,使得标签不但可以用来标记传统的数据包,还可以标记     

基于GMPLS的IP over WDM

GMPLS(通用多协议标记交换)是MPLS技术向光网络发展的产物。它有效地实现了IP和WDM光网络的无缝结合,是IPoverWDM发展的一种趋势。本文主要介绍了GMPLS通用标记的特点及实现形式,LSP(标记交换路径)技术,以及链路管理协议LMP的特点及实现方法。     

通用多协议标签交换技术研究

通用多协议标签交换技术(GMPLS)在光交换网中具有广阔的应用前景,但对它的研究还不够深入.首先指出GMPLS与传统的标签交换技术(MPLS)在7个方面的区别,然后刻画GMPLS光网络的一般结构,对特点进行了分析,指出光IP包交换的实质是光标记的转发与交换.设计了GMPLS光网络的技术方案,对关键技术进行分析,提出了一...     

基于GMPLS的OBS网络技术

GMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)是MPLS技术向光网络发展的产物。描述GMPLS和MPLS控制平台的区别,介绍引用GMPLS协议作为控制平面的OBS网络。提出的网络结构是在OBS的突发控制包中用通用标签代替源节点和目的节点地址,并使用GMPLS协议栈对路由协议、信令功能以及链路管理协议进行增强和扩展以便更好地支持OBS网络。     

IP/MPLS网络与GMPLS网络互联的研究

文章研究了网际协议／多协议标签交换（IP／MPLS）网络升级为通用多协议标签交换（GMPLS）网络的过程中存在的几种演进模型，并重点分析了岛式模型。同时，还分析了MPLS网络和GMPLS网络互联时存在的问题、两种协议问的差异以及解决这些问题所采用的路由、信令和通道计算技术。     

GMPLS--智能光网络的核心技术

GMPLS是MPLS向光网络扩展的产物,能支持分组交换、时分交换、波长交换和光纤交换,它实现了IP和WDM光网络的融合,很好地满足智能光网络控制面的需要.对GMPLS的标签、层次化LSP、路由与寻址、信令和链路管理等方面加以分析,最后对GMPLS的意义进行了概括.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks