三相永磁同步电动机起动性能试验探讨

三相永磁同步电动机起动性能试验探讨浙江省机电设计研究院（杭州市,３１０００２）阮建国詹黎影自起动永磁同步电动机和常规笼型异步电动机相比,其定子结构基本不改。转子除鼠笼外,还内嵌或外贴永磁体,与一般励磁式同步电动机相比,结构大为简化。本文通过对电机起动...     

永磁同步电动机的起动和运行性能的计算

永磁同步电动机具有比较高的效率和功率因数,并且具有运行平稳、易于控制、过载能力高和噪声小等特点,在当今世界能源紧张的形势下,它的应用场合正在日趋扩大。因此,推广应用永磁同步电动机是目前重大的节能措施之一。但是,这种电机由于采用了永磁体励磁,它在起动时既不能像异步电动机那样,依靠基波的异步转矩可以顺利地到达额定转速,也不能像同步电动机那样,依靠基波的异步转矩到达亚同步速,再进行励磁而牵入同步运行。因此起动问题在设计和运行时必须引起重视,以获得较好的运行效益和降低制造成本。本文将分析永磁同步电动机在起动过程中存在哪些转矩分量,为了能顺利起动,要考虑哪些因素的影响。然后,讨论了如何利用有限元法来进行分析计算永磁同步电动机的问题。     

异步起动永磁辅助式磁阻同步电动机研究

异步起动稀土永磁同步电动机面临制造成本的挑战。如何在保证电机性能的前提下,用低成本的铁氧体替代钕铁硼永磁材料,是异步起动永磁同步电动机研究中的一个重要课题。本文研究异步起动铁氧体永磁辅助式磁阻同步电动机,首先介绍永磁辅助式磁阻同步电动机的最大磁阻转矩原理,接着分析其起动特点,最后构建30 kW永磁辅助式磁阻同步电动机模型并进行仿真分析。     

直接转矩控制的永磁同步电动机起动特性研究

在研究了永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制基本原理的基础上,分析了永磁同步电动机的起动特点,提出了一种直接转矩控制永磁同步电动机起动的方法,仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的起动性能。     

异步起动永磁同步电动机转子磁路拓扑结构发展综述

异步起动永磁同步电动机由于采用永磁体励磁,其具有体积小、效率高、功率因数高等优点,应用越来越广泛。在异步起动永磁同步电动机设计与开发过程中,转子结构的设计是其中的关键问题之一。因此针对异步起动永磁同步电动机的不同性能,产生了多种转子拓扑结构。本文通过对文献的检索,整理分析了不同磁路拓扑结构对电机性能的影响极其优缺点,希望能为后续研究者提供一些有益的、可参考的依据。     

不带起动绕组的小型风机用自起动单相永磁同步电动机

提出一种适用于驱动风机的新型自起动单相永磁同步电动机。与常见的自起动同步电动机不同,这种自起动同步电动机不带起动绕组。本文首先提出和讨论了该种永磁同步电动机自起动的条件,包括空载起动、最大限度减小齿槽转矩和转子转动惯量等。在此基础上完成了该电动机电磁方案设计和样机试制。本文也给出了该电动机基于Ansys有限元软件的仿真结果。样机测试结果和仿真结果表明,本文的分析和设计是可行的,其结果具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

高压永磁同步电动机转子不同结构的起动性能分析

高压永磁自起动同步电动机从起动到牵入同步过程是一个复杂的机电瞬变过程.在电动机设计过程中,如何使电动机的起动性能、牵入性能以及稳态运行的过载性能达到协调统一是个不容忽视的问题.基于永磁电动机转子结构的改进,本文对高压永磁同步电动机的起动过程进行了数字仿真,研究了动态起动过程,研究了直轴同步电抗、交轴同步电抗以及两种同步电抗的比值对起动转矩、牵入转矩以及失步转矩的影响,并在分析过程中结合所得结论对一台315kW、6kV高压永磁自起动同步电动机及其改进结构进行了研究论证.仿真及试验结果表明,转子结构改进后的高压永磁同步电动机在起动过程中的几种性能上各有所长,互有得失,所得这些结论对推动高压永磁自起动同步电动机的实际运用具有指导意义.     

单相自起动永磁同步电动机综述

单相自起动永磁同步电动机由单相电源供电，具有自起动能力和很高的运行效率，在家电行业有广阔的应用前景，本文对单相自起动永磁同步电动机的结构，原理和研究现状进行了综述。     

永磁同步电动机的研究

一、发展与应用永磁同步电动机具有功率因数高、功率大、功率重量比高、体积小、噪音小等特点,在当今世界能源紧张的形势下,它的应用正在不断扩大。永磁同步电动机的发展历史可以追溯到本世纪初。当时就有人尝试用永磁体替代同步电机中的直流励磁,但由于缺乏高矫顽力     

异步起动永磁同步电动机起动特性研究

异步起动永磁同步电动机具有较高的功率因数和效率,同时具有异步起动能力.异步起动永磁同步电动机在起动过程中受到诸如异步转矩、发电机制动转矩、磁阻负序转矩等多个转矩的合成作用,使得电机的起动过程同感应电机相比更为复杂.本文在感应电机的基础上,通过改进其转子设计异步起动永磁同步电动机,并采用有限元法计算和分析其起动过程,最后通过实验对感应电机和异步起动永磁同步电动机进行了比较.     

New design for the high-performance drive system for DC brushless motor

The dc brushless motor, permanent magnet-type synchronous motor (PM motor), has been used widely in industrial robots, the machine tools for factory, and factory automations. Therefore, it is more desirable to improve the performance of the PM motor variable speed control system. Although only the torque component current is adjusted as the control method for the PM motor, so-called Vector Control, it is expected that the developed characteristics will be added to the PM motor. In this paper, new driving methods for the PM motor and a new design method for the variable speed control system are presented. The new motor driving methods which bring to the PM motor a new driving performance, e.g., a quick transient response or high-efficiency motor driving, can be implemented by controlling not only the torque component current, but also the magnetizing component current. A developed optimal control theory, i.e., the error system technique, is employed for designing the control system. The control law is endowed with a steady robustness against the variation of the system parameters and the ability of compensating the delay time due to the control processing. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments.     

高效永磁电动机的现状与发展

能源紧张是影响我国国民经济发展的一个重要问题,也是全世界共同关心的问题.而工业用电动机消耗了大部分的能源,因此提高工业用电动机的效率可以获得显著的节能效果.根据IEC制定的超高效和超超高效电机效率标准,永磁电动机由于采用永磁体励磁,在提高效率方面具有很大的空间和优势.针对永磁电动机自身特点,经过优化设计可以达到IEC规定的IE3和IE4的效率限值.考虑到我国稀土资源丰富和稀土永磁产量已列世界前茅的优势,研发超高效和超超高效永磁同步电动机是我国发展高效电机的重要途径.     

Temperature effects on torque production and efficiency of PMmotors using NdFeB magnets

Recent developments in high energy magnets have created widespread interest in the area of permanent magnet (PM) motors. The use of PM synchronous motors or brushless motors to replace conventional DC or induction type motors has not been as speedy as anticipated earlier. This paper deals with the temperature effects of PM motors using neodymium magnets on the torque production capability and on the efficiency of the motor. When PM motors are designed to operate in a wide temperature range, the reversible demagnetization of the neodymium magnets with temperature and the increase in winding resistance with temperature influence the maximum torque capability at rated speed and efficiency of the PM motor. The maximum torque at rated speed is limited due to the fixed DC link voltage of the inverter feeding the motor. In this paper, it is shown that over an operating range of -40°C to 150°C the maximum torque capability and efficiency of the motor can vary over a wide range. It is also shown that for certain designs, a near flat maximum torque versus temperature characteristic may be obtained. The major factors influencing these variations are identified. The discussion in this paper is concentrated on PM motors with a trapezoidal back EMF waveform. The idea could be extended to sinusoidal back EMF motors and to PM DC motors     

现代永磁电机技术研究与应用开发

结合电动汽车与风力发电用永磁电机系统的开发,开展了基于多物理域分析与系统仿真的现代永磁电机设计技术研究;提出了多种具有磁场控制能力的新结构永磁电机,以促使永磁电机的设计理念与磁场控制技术不断变革和创新。     

现代永磁电机技术研究与应用开发

结合电动汽车与风力发电用永磁电机系统的开发,开展了基于多物理域分析与系统仿真的现代永磁电机设计技术研究;提出了多种具有磁场控制能力的新结构永磁电机,以促使永磁电机的设计理念与磁场控制技术不断变革和创新。     

A novel polyphase multipole square-wave permanent magnet motordrive for electric vehicles

A novel high-power-density permanent magnet (PM) motor drive for electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed. The motor is a polyphase multipole square-wave PM motor, which can be classified as a kind of PM brushless DC motor. The distinct features of the proposed motor as compared to those of the conventional PM brushless DC motor are as follows. First, the multipole magnetic circuit arrangement enables the minimization of the magnetic yoke, resulting in the reduction of motor volume and weight. Second, the coil span is purposely designed to be equal to one slot pitch, thus saving the amount of copper used. Third, by using a fractional number of slots per pole per phase, the arrangement of the numbers of poles and slots is so unique that the magnetic force between the stator and the rotor at any rotating position is uniform, hence eliminating the cogging torque that usually occurs in PM motors. Finally, the motor can be controlled to operate at a constant torque region and a constant power region with field weakening, thus both high starting torque and high cruising speed can be achieved. Therefore, as the proposed motor drive possesses the distinct advantages of high power density, high efficiency, and superior dynamic performance, it is very suitable for EV applications. A prototype of a five-phase 22-pole 5 kW motor drive has been designed for an experimental EV     

电动车用外转子永磁无刷直流电动机的研究

本文介绍电动车用高效外转子钕铁硼永磁无刷直流电动机。电机直接装于车轮产生转矩，取消差动齿轮和变速器，减小功消耗和提高效率。通过电磁场理论分析，也介绍了减小力矩波动的方法和无刷电机弱磁控制概念。     

Developing an educational simulation program for the PM steppingmotor

A simulation program for the claw-pole permanent-magnet (PM) stepping motor was developed for use in a college sheet classroom. Based on circuit equations and equations of motion, it aims to impart to the student the ability to develop insight into the PM stepping motor, which operates on simple principles but displays sophisticated characteristics when electronically driven. The step-position error caused by cogging torque and assembly error, and measures to reduce such errors, are discussed. It is concluded that this software can provide a useful tool for practical mechatronics design     

电子膨胀阀用爪极步进电机数值优化研究

电子膨胀阀在变频空调系统中能精确调节制冷剂流量,有助于提高空调系统的能效和改善空调环境的热舒适性。研究电子膨胀阀用爪极永磁步进电机有助于提高电子膨胀阀稳定性和可靠性。对电子膨胀阀的电机力矩特性进行数值分析,在保持转子尺寸、通电电流和定转子之间气隙不变的前提下,通过改变爪极形状尺寸,分析了爪极形状参数对电子膨胀阀用爪极式步进电机自定位力矩和保持力矩的影响,认为在满足一定自定位力矩的前提下,保持力矩越大越好,并以此为基础对电机的爪极尺寸进行了优化,认为合理设计爪极尺寸参数,能够使电机的保持力矩和自定位力矩达到最佳,对电子膨胀阀步进电机的研究和设计有借鉴价值。     

Study and experimental performance evaluation of flux intensifying PM motor with variable leakage magnetic flux

This paper describes a flux intensifying permanent‐magnet (PM) motor with variable leakage magnetic flux. The unique feature of this proposed motor is the ability to passively adjust the magnetic flux linkage into the armature windings in proportion to the armature magnetomotive force and/or armature current phase. The magnetic circuit topology of the flux intensifying PM motor and the passive variable leakage magnetic flux are determined through FE analysis. Then, the driving performance is experimentally elucidated through comparison with that of a reverse salient pole type (flux weakening) PM motor without variable leakage magnetic flux.