结合NMR和毛管压力资料计算储层渗透率的方法

基于核磁共振(NMR)测井驰豫时间分布和毛管压力曲线均反应储层孔隙结构的事实,提出了将NMR测井和毛管压力资料相结合计算储层渗透率的新方法。通过对大量压汞和核磁共振测井实验岩心样品的分析,建立了Swanson参数与岩石渗透率的关系模型。为解决压汞数据受岩心样品数量限制的问题,提出了利用核磁共振横向弛豫时间几何平均值求取Swanson参数,可以连续地计算储层的渗透率。对某油田A井低孔隙度、低渗透率储层实际资料的处理表明,用新方法计算得到的渗透率与岩心分析的空气渗透率吻合较好,验证了该方法的准确性和广泛适用性。     

蠡县斜坡核磁共振测井评价模型分析

在实际应用中发现,根据核磁共振测井处理求得的孔隙度、渗透率与实验岩心资料存在一定差异。以华北油田蠡县斜坡为研究对象,以岩心实验资料、核磁共振测井实验资料为基础,利用孔隙度与碳酸盐含量含量、T2几何平均值及渗透率与孔隙度、T2几何平均值的关系,分别建立了核磁共振孔隙度、渗透率计算模型。通过对目的区块的实际资料处理,验证了该模型的可靠性,计算结果精度较高。     

用数字化核磁共振测井成果建立孔隙度渗透率模型

发现DK3井14块岩样的核磁共振孔隙度与其岩心孔隙度具有很好的线性相关性,他们的渗透率也是如此;常规测井的孔隙度/渗透率与岩心孔隙度/渗透率也具有很好的线性相关性.于是就假设核磁共振孔隙度/渗透率与常规孔隙度/渗透率之间同样具有很好的线性相关性.据此,以校正后的核磁共振测井的孔隙度/渗透率资料为准,建立起了常规测井的孔隙度/渗透率计算模型.在没有核磁共振测井原始数据时,可通过数字化软件从核磁共振测井成果图读取有关数据.这样建立的测井物性解释数学模型,既避免了取心作业与测井作业之间的深度误差,又不存在因岩心数据的不连续而带来的岩心孔隙度/渗透率值的误差,使该模型适于更准确评价塔巴庙地区上古生界盒3段致密砂岩储层的孔隙度/渗透率.     

用核磁共振测井资料评价储层的孔隙结构

核磁共振测井作为一种全新的测井方法可以直观而准确地提供储层的有效孔隙度,渗透率,束缚水饱和度等参数,而且能够通过Ｔ２ｃｕｔｏｆｆ值区分可动流体体积和毛管束缚流体体积,进而深入地反映储层的孔隙结构。本研究以半渗透隔板的毛管压力资料为基础,建立了核磁共振中振测井的Ｔ２几乎平均值与孔隙结构参数之间的关系,并建立了应用核磁共振时以岩心分析资料为基础,核磁共振测井资料为中介,利用常规测井计算的渗透率和孔隙度     

复杂岩性储层核磁共振测井岩心分析

复杂岩性油气藏其岩石矿物组分往往复杂多变,导致非均质性严重,储集空间类型多样,常规测井难以获得储层关键参数。核磁共振测井能提供不受岩性影响的孔隙度等参数,在复杂岩性储层评价中具有广泛应用前景。为了提高核磁共振测井的应用效果,需要对岩心样品进行核磁共振岩心分析,通过孔隙度、束缚水饱和度和孔隙度、横向弛豫时间截止值(τ2cutoff)、渗透率等测试分析,建立了研究区的核磁共振测井解释模型,指导了研究区的储层评价,提高了储层参数计算精度。     

用核磁共振测井评价特低渗透砂岩储层渗透性新方法

核磁共振测井被广泛用于评价低孔隙度低渗透率储层的孔隙结构与渗透性,主要依据经典的Coates及SDR模型。这些模型是基于中高孔隙度、渗透率储层的实验结果,大量岩心实验数据表明它们并不适用于特低渗透砂岩储层。应用气象学研究常用的空间物理场分布模型定量评价低孔隙度特低渗透率储层中特定尺寸孔隙分布的集中程度,并给出了定量计算瓦分布均一系数模型。常规孔隙度渗透率实验、饱和盐水岩心核磁共振实验均验证了该模型在不同孔隙度、渗透率条件下具有较好的适用性。     

复杂孔隙结构储层渗透率评价方法研究

介绍核磁共振测井(NMR)在复杂孔隙结构储层评价中的应用。详细分析利用核磁共振的弛豫特性和扩散特性计算渗透率的模型优缺点。Coates模型和SDR模型比常规经验公式计算渗透率更准确,但大量岩心实验数据表明它们并不适用于特低渗透储层。提出一种新的定量评价物理函数——孔隙空间集中分布模型,它通过描述T2分布中可动流体体积分布的均一性,准确计算出低孔隙度低渗透率储层的渗透率。岩心数据计算表明,孔隙空间集中分布模型系数C与岩心渗透率具有很好的负相关关系,C值越小,表明孔径分布的集中程度越低,渗透性越好。岩心数据分析比较表明,该模型比经典核磁共振测井渗透率评价模型精度更高,对于定量描述复杂孔隙结构储层的渗透性具有很好适用性。     

核磁共振测井在川西低孔隙度低渗透率储层中的应用

以核磁共振岩心实验标定为依据,充分结合谱信息的分布特征,并借助测试资料对核磁共振测井在川西低孔隙度低渗透率储层中的评价技术进行了深入研究,其结果表明,核磁共振测井较易剔除非储层,能够提供可靠的储层参数,较为准确判别储层流体性质,应用效果较好,提高了低孔隙度低渗透率储层的测井解释符合率.     

基于储层孔喉特征参数计算致密砂岩渗透率的新方法

致密砂岩储层常规测井的响应受到诸多因素的影响,给定量评价储层的渗透率带来一定的误差。结合压汞和核磁共振测井资料能够更加快速准确地评价致密砂岩储层渗透性。提出了基于压汞和核磁共振测井资料结合计算储层渗透率的方法。对比38块同时进行了压汞和核磁共振测井实验的岩心样品,构建伪毛细管压力曲线,求取表征孔隙结构定量参数。结合地区经验,优选参数,构建能表征渗透率的δ函数,给出定量计算渗透率的模型,其模型表达式精度高。通过对××井实际数据的处理,计算得到的渗透率与岩心分析的空气渗透率有很好的一致性,平均绝对误差为0.075×10-3μm2。     

用覆压岩心渗透率优化测井渗透率计算模型

渗透率是确定储层产能的关键指标之一,其准确性关系到储层产能评价的准确程度。测井数据相对试井资料更加丰富、成本低,可以有效获得井筒附近地带各小层的静态特征,为小层的产能评价提供参数支持。为了使测井渗透率的计算更为精确,以吉木萨尔致密油地区为例,在前人研究基础上,通过分析对比覆压孔渗实验数据,发现渗透率和有效覆压的无因次乘幂关系比一般认为的指数关系要好。用无因次乘幂关系模型预测地层真实岩心渗透率,进而来拟合测井参数与孔隙度、渗透率的关系,以达到优化测井渗透率计算模型的目的。该方法在吉木萨尔致密油地区的应用效果良好,比直接用地面岩心实验值的计算结果更为接近实际值。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.