一种极低噪声高增益微波单片低噪声放大器

报道了一种用于卫星通讯系统,基于0.5μm栅长增强型赝配高电子迁移率晶体管的两级级联微波单片低噪声放大器.采用集总参数元件来缩小电路面积进而在整个芯片内完成阻抗匹配.在50Ω端口测试条件下,该低噪声放大器在3.5～4.3GHz频率范围内,噪声系数小于0.9dB,增益大于26dB,回波损耗小于-10dB.这是至今为止报道的增益高于20dB的低噪声放大器中具有最小噪声系数的微波单片低噪声放大器,它主要归因于采用具有优异噪声性能的增强型赝配高电子迁移率晶体管以及本文提出的源极串联电感结合漏极应用一个小的稳定电阻来减小输入匹配网络寄生电阻的电路结构.     

宽带低噪声放大器单片微波集成电路

从行波放大器设计理论出发,研制了一款基于低噪声GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)工艺设计的2~20 GHz单片微波集成电路(MMIC)宽带低噪声放大器。该款放大器由九级电路构成。为了进一步提高放大器的增益,采用了一个共源场效应管和一个共栅场效应管级联的拓扑结构,每级放大器采用自偏压技术实现单电源供电。测试结果表明,本款低噪声放大器在外加+5 V工作电压下,能够在2~20 GHz频率内实现小信号增益大于16 dB,增益平坦度小于±0.5 dB,输出P-1 dB大于14 dBm,噪声系数典型值为2.5 dB,输入和输出回波损耗均小于-15 dB,工作电流仅为63 mA,低噪声放大器芯片面积为3.1 mm×1.3 mm。     

X波段GaN MMIC低噪声放大器设计

采用SiC衬底0.25 μm AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)工艺,研制了一款X波段GaN单片微波集成电路(MMIC)低噪声放大器(LNA).放大器采用三级级联拓扑,第一级采用源极电感匹配,在确保良好的输入回波损耗的同时优化放大器噪声系数;第三级采用电阻电容串联负反馈匹配,在尽量降低噪声系数的前提下,保证良好的增益平坦度、输出端口回波损耗以及输出功率.在片测试表明,在10 V漏级电压、-2 V栅极电压偏置下,放大器静态电流为60 mA,8～12 GHz内增益为22.5 dB,增益平坦度为±1.2 dB,输入输出回波损耗均优于-11 dB,噪声系数小于1.55 dB,1 dB增益压缩点输出功率大于11.9 dBm,其芯片尺寸为2.2 mm×1.1 mm.装配测试表明,噪声系数典型值小于1.6 dB,可承受33 dBm连续波输入功率.该X波段GaN低噪声放大器与高功率放大器工艺兼容,可以实现多功能集成,具有广阔的工程应用前景.     

2dB噪声系数的Ka波段宽带高增益单片低噪声放大器

报道了一种基于商用0.15um赝配高电子迁移率晶体管工艺的单片低噪声放大器,工作频率范围为23~36GHz.它采用自偏置结构.对晶体管栅宽进行了优化设计减小栅极电阻,以得到低的噪声系数.采用吸收回路和加电阻电容网络的直流偏置结构提高电路稳定性,用多谐振点方法和负反馈技术扩展带宽.测试结果表明,其噪声系数低于2.0dB,在31GHz处,噪声系数仅为1.6dB.在整个工作频带范崮内,增益大于26dB,输入回波损耗大于11dB,输出回波损耗大于13dB.36GHz处的ldB压缩点输出功率为14dBm.芯片尺寸为2.4mm×1mm.     

2dB噪声系数的Ka波段宽带高增益单片低噪声放大器

报道了一种基于商用0.15um赝配高电子迁移率晶体管工艺的单片低噪声放大器,工作频率范围为23~36GHz.它采用自偏置结构.对晶体管栅宽进行了优化设计减小栅极电阻,以得到低的噪声系数.采用吸收回路和加电阻电容网络的直流偏置结构提高电路稳定性,用多谐振点方法和负反馈技术扩展带宽.测试结果表明,其噪声系数低于2.0dB,在31GHz处,噪声系数仅为1.6dB.在整个工作频带范崮内,增益大于26dB,输入回波损耗大于11dB,输出回波损耗大于13dB.36GHz处的ldB压缩点输出功率为14dBm.芯片尺寸为2.4mm×1mm.     

一种新颖的具有HEMT和GaAs MMIC的Ku波段低噪声放大器

本文介绍了一种具有高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)和砷化镓单片微波集成电路(GaAs MMIC)的Ku波段低噪声放大器。在11.7～12.2GHz频率范围内,该放大器的噪声系数小于1.9dB,相关增益大于27dB,输入和输出驻波比小于1.4。放大器第一级采用了HEMT和微波串联电感反馈技术,放大器未级采用了Ku波段GsAs MMIC。设计的关键是采用微波串联电感反馈方法同时获得最佳噪声和最小输入驻波匹配。放大器的输入端和输出端均为BJ-120波导。     

一种具有0.75dB噪声系数的2.3～2.4GHz单片集成低噪声放大器

报道了一种基于0.5μm赝配高电子迁移率晶体管工艺的两级级联结构的微波单片集成低噪声放大器。该低噪声放大器为光纤射频组网技术而研发,采用集总参数元件完成片上输入输出阻抗匹配,节省了芯片面积和成本。在50Ω端口测试条件下,该低噪声放大器在2.3².4GHz的频段内,噪声系数约为0.75dB,增益大于25dB,在3.3V的工作电压下消耗32mA的电流。与同频段同类型的低噪声放大器相比,文中报道的LNA具有突出的低噪声性能,这主要归因于依据晶体管的噪声最优阻抗匹配理论选取了合适的输入级放大管尺寸和一个具有极小寄生电阻的输入匹配网络以及pHEMT管本身优异的低噪声特性。     

2～18 GHz GaAs超宽带低噪声放大器MMIC

基于90 nm GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)工艺设计并制备了一款2～18 GHz的超宽带低噪声放大器(LNA)单片微波集成电路(MMIC)。该款放大器具有两级共源共栅级联结构，通过负反馈实现了超宽带内的增益平坦设计。在共栅晶体管的栅极增加接地电容，提高了放大器的高频输出阻抗，进而拓宽了带宽，提高了高频增益，并降低了噪声。在片测试结果表明，在5 V单电源电压下，在2～18 GHz内该低噪声放大器小信号增益约为26.5 dB,增益平坦度小于±1 dB,1 dB压缩点输出功率大于13.5 dBm,噪声系数小于1.5 dB,输入、输出回波损耗均小于-10 dB,工作电流为100 mA,芯片面积为2 mm×1 mm。该超宽带低噪声放大器可应用于雷达接收机系统中，有利于接收机带宽、噪声系数和体积等的优化。     

1.1 dB噪声系数的单片微波集成低噪声放大器

设计与实现了一款两级赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)单片微波集成电路(MMIC)低噪声放大器(LNA)。考虑到实际片上无源电感的性能(低Q值),最优噪声匹配往往不能获得最好的噪声性能,相反因为输入电感的存在会增加芯片的面积。设计旨在选择合适的输入晶体管,以免除输入电感的使用,减小芯片的面积。经过优化设计,芯片尺寸为0.8 mm×0.8 mm。测试结果表明,放大器在3.4~3.6 GHz频段内实现了1.1 dB的噪声系数以及25.8 dB的小信号增益,带内回波损耗最大值为-16.5 dB。在回波损耗小于-10 dB的范围内,电路带宽拓展到2.8~4.7 GHz,此时增益最小值为20 dB,噪声最大值为1.3 dB。     

采用电流复用拓扑的宽带收发一体多功能电路

基于标准的GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)单片微波集成电路(MMIC)工艺设计并制备了一款宽带收发一体多功能电路芯片.该多功能芯片包含了功率放大器、低噪声放大器和收发开关.放大器采用电流复用拓扑结构实现了低功耗的目标.收发开关采用浮地结构避免了使用负电源.芯片在14～ 24 GHz工作频率的实测结果显示:接收支路噪声系数小于3.0dB,增益大于18 dB,输入及输出电压驻波比(VSWR)均小于2.0,1 dB压缩点输出功率大于0 dBm,直流功耗为60 mW;发射支路增益大于21 dB,输入输出VSWR均小于1.8,1dB压缩点输出功率大于10 dBm,直流功耗为180 mW.芯片尺寸为2 600 μm×1 800 μm.该多功能收发电路的在片测试结果和仿真结果一致,性能达到了设计要求.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks