海上风电机组基础施工过程中噪音消减方法浅析

结合欧洲海上风电场建设经验,本文介绍了多种常见降低噪音的方法。通过工程实例,结合海上风电机组钢结构基础施工特点,采用多种方法相结合进行噪音消减,最大程度上降低海上风电机组钢结构基础施工对海洋生物的危害。     

欧洲海上风电的发展

介绍了欧洲海上风电的开发阶段、海上风电技术发展的里程碑;从海上风资源评估、风电机组、海上风电场设计和并网等方面论述了海上风电的主要技术特点;比较了海上和陆上风电的成本结构,并根据已建成的海上风电项目的投资成本数据,分析了海上风电的经济性.     

海上风电发展趋势及关键技术研究

介绍了国内外海上风电发展现状,阐述了海上风电存在的关键技术问题,探讨了我国发展海上风电所面临的问题及应采取的对策,可为未来大型海上风电场建设提供借鉴.     

欧洲海上风电场及其运行经验

海上丰富的风能资源和当今技术的可行性,预示着海上风电场将成为一个迅速发展的市场,海上风电设备产业将是一个经济增长点，文章简要叙述了欧洲海上风电技术发展与应用的现状,介绍了欧洲几大海上风电场的情况,并总结了一些关于海上风电场建设与运行的经验。     

海上风电机组基础灌浆技术应用与发展

海上风电灌浆是影响海上风电发展的一项重要技术，由于风机设备的长期动力载荷作用，使得海上风电的灌浆无论是灌浆材料、连接段类型、受力机理等多方面都与常规海洋工程有所不同。海上风电机组基础灌浆具有高终强、高早强、抗疲劳、抗离析等优越性能，本文简述了海上风电场对灌浆材料的要求，详细介绍了单桩基础与导管架基础这两类典型的灌浆连接段类型及其各自的工程应用和发展，最后简述了灌浆病害的监测与修复，并对海上风电灌浆技术进行展望与总结。     

渤海海域风电场建设的环境影响分析

介绍了我国风能利用的现状和趋势,提出了在渤海海域大力发展海上风电的建设,指出海上风电虽然是一种清洁的能源,但在风电场的建设过程中多少还是会对环境造成一定的影响,从海上风电场建设的各个阶段着手,详细分析了在渤海海域建设海上风电场对环境的影响.     

海上风机基础阴极保护设计与应用

海上风机基础是海上风电场风机的重要支撑结构,也是保证风机正常运行25年的重要结构。海上风机基础具有设计寿命长、投资大、检测和维修难度高的特点,因此必须采取有效的防腐措施保证其能长效安全地服役。结合南海某海上风电工程项目,详尽地研究和论述了海上风机基础阴极保护的关键环节、合理有效的设计和布置方案,对阴极保护技术在海上风电领域的设计与应用具有一定的指导意义。     

我国潮间带风电发展概况

虽然我国第一台海上风电机组并非安装在潮间带地区,但在经历了5年左右的发展后,潮间带风电项目在我国海上风电项目中占据了主流地位。因此,若想对我国海上风电发展有一个清晰的认识,对潮间带风电的了解显得非常重要。     

海上风电嵌岩区风机基础比选原则及依据

  [目的]  随着海上风能的开发中心从江苏扩大至广东、福建等省份,海上风机基础的嵌岩问题已逐步成为海上风能开发中的核心问题,嵌岩区的风机基础造价严重制约着海上风电场的成本,因此海上风电嵌岩区的风机基础比选就显得尤为关键。  [方法]  讨论了几种风机基础的嵌岩施工工艺,探讨了嵌岩区海上风机基础的比选依据及原则,并对海上风电嵌岩问题的发展进行展望。  [结果]  研究表明:海上风电场嵌岩区域风机基础方案的比选原则应主要从结构安全性、施工可行性和经济性三个方面进行综合比选。在上述三个比选因素中,应首先满足结构安全性上的要求,在此基础上再满足施工可行性的要求,最后考虑经济性的影响。  [结论]  研究成果可为嵌岩区海上风电风机基础设计提供参考。     

我国海上风电的发展与技术现状分析

对国内外海上风电发展现状进行了对比分析,介绍了我国发展海上风电的优势和面临的困难,并针对海上风电场在设计、施工和运行等阶段可能出现的问题进行了思考和探讨.     

A review on development of offshore wind energy conversion system

Wind energy conversion system, aiming to convert mechanical energy of air flow into electrical energy has been widely concerned in recent decades. According to the installation sites, the wind energy conversion system can be divided into land-based wind conversion system and offshore wind energy conversion (OWEC) system. Compared to land-based wind energy technology, although OWEC started later, it has attracted more attentions due to its significant advantages in sufficient wind energy, low wind shear, high power output and low land occupancy rate. In this paper, the principle of wind energy conversion and the development status of offshore wind power in the world are briefly introduced at first. And then, the advantages and disadvantages of several offshore wind energy device (OWED), such as horizontal axis OWED, vertical axis OWED and cross axis OWED are compared. Subsequently, several major constraints, such as complex marine environment, deep-sea power transmission and expensive cost of equipment installation faced by offshore wind conversion technology are presented and comprehensively analysed. Finally, based on the summary and analysis of some emerging technologies and the current situation of offshore wind energy utilization, the development trend of offshore wind power is envisioned. In the future, it is expected to witness multi-energy complementary, key component optimization and intelligent control strategy for smooth energy generation of offshore wind power systems.     

新型海上风力发电及其关键技术研究

回顾国外海上风力发电场的发展,针对随着海水深度增加导致海上风力机成本急剧上升的矛盾,引入海上漂浮式风力机概念,并详细介绍其结构和特点,通过系统介绍海上漂浮式风力机组成部分和设计制造中的关键技术,最后得出海上漂浮式风机是一种潜力巨大的新型风力发电技术,值得进一步深入研究。同时,针对我国陆、海资源的具体情况,较为系统地提出了海上漂浮式风力机研究的需要关注的关键问题,指出了该研究所具有的巨大社会经济价值。     

Interconnector capacity allocation in offshore grids with variable wind generation

Different capacity allocation regimes have a strong impact on the economics of offshore wind farms and on interconnectors in offshore grids. Integrating offshore generation in offshore grids is currently a subject of discussion for different regions, e.g. the North Sea. A novel question is how the interconnector capacity should be allocated for wind generation and for international power trading. The main difficulty arises from the stochastic nature of wind generation: in a case with radial connections to the national coast, the wind park owner has the possibility of aggregating the offshore wind park with onshore installations to reduce balancing demand. This is not necessarily the case if the interconnector capacity is sold through implicit or explicit auctions. Different design options are discussed and quantified for a number of examples based on Danish, Dutch, German and Norwegian power markets. It is concluded that treating offshore generation as a single price zone within the interconnector reduces the wind operator's ability to pool it with other generation. Furthermore, a single offshore price zone between two markets will always receive the lower spot market price of the neighbouring zones, although its generation flows only to the high‐price market. Granting the high‐price market income for wind generation as the opposite design option reduces congestion rents. Otherwise, compensation measures through support schemes or different balancing responsibilities may be discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海上风力发电进展

近年来风力发电工业发展迅速，海上风能以其突出的优势受到重视。本文对近年来国外几种典型的海上风能资源评估方法做出述评，简要叙述了国外海上风电技术发展与应用的现状，分析了海上风能利用的经济性，并介绍了一些主要国家进一步发展海上风电的计划。     

德国海上风电VSC-HVDC技术分析

系统地总结和梳理了德国海上风电并网情况及发展特点,分析阐述了德国海上风电场群集中并网的技术特征和经验,比较分析了高压交流输电和VSC—HVDC技术在海上风电并网应用的优缺点。最后,结合德国经验和中国发展需要,提出了海上风电并网分析模型。     

桁架式支撑结构海上风电机组研究

本文基于国际能源署(IEA)课题30"海上风电机组动态学仿真软件和模型的比较"项目第一阶段桁架式支撑结构的海上风电机组仿真结果,针对海上风电模型复杂的特点,给出桁架式支撑结构细节,研究用BladedV3.80建立桁架式支撑结构的海上风电机组模型。与其他软件建立的模型比较质量和模态,验证海上风电机组的模型。     

近海区域风速数值模拟试验分析

在可持续能源发展战略的实施中，风能等可再生能源的开发利用是重要的战略选择。其中风能资源的评估是其开发利用的关键，如何利用有限的观测资料进行资源评估和分析就成为迫切需要解决的问题。该文利用中尺度气象模式MM5对海上风场进行模拟分析，模拟结果在风的分布趋势很好与多年平均实况吻合，为我国海上风资源的开发利用提供有力的科学依据。     

Review of recent offshore wind power developments in china

Rapid wind power development in China has attracted worldwide attention. The huge market potential and fast development of wind turbine manufacturing capacity are making China a world leader in wind power development. In 2010, with the newly installed wind power capacity and the cumulative installed capacity, China was ranked first in the world. In 2009, China also constructed and commissioned its first large offshore wind farm near Shanghai. Following earlier papers reviewing the state of China's onshore wind industry, this paper presents a broader perspective and up‐to‐date survey of China's offshore wind power development, making comparisons between the developments in the rest of the world and China, to draw out similarities and differences and lessons for the China offshore wind industry. The paper highlights six important aspects for China's offshore wind development: economics, location, Grid connection, technological development, environmental adaptation and national policies. The authors make recommendations for mitigating some outstanding issues in these six aspects for the future development of China's offshore wind resource. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湍流风与浮冰联合作用下近海风力机动力学响应

以NREL 5 MW近海风力机为研究对象,基于Kaimal平稳随机风速谱模型建立风力机全域湍流风,同时采用Matlock模型计算动态冰力,模拟风力机所受冰激振动,研究在风-冰联合环境载荷作用下近海风力机动力学响应。结果表明:冰激振动极大地加剧塔顶各向振动;频域上,冰激振动影响主要集中于塔架1阶固有频率和叶片1阶摆振频率,且相应峰值与冰厚呈正相关关系;受冰激振动作用,塔架各向剪切力明显增加,且塔顶和塔基附近增幅大于塔身中部。