磷酸化反应及其在皮革中的应用

叙述了常见的磷酸化方法有多聚磷酸法、共沸脱水法、五氧化二磷/磷酸法、五氧化二磷的粉状加入和溶剂加入法;简述了磷酸酯的组成分析方法及其注意的问题;介绍了合成磷酸酯在皮革加脂中的研究现状,并指出为了更好的提高磷酸酯加脂剂的加脂性能,要从皮革工业对于加脂剂的多功能、绿色化的要求来对磷酸酯的分子进行设计.     

十六烷基磷酸酯的加脂性能研究

以十六醇为原料，经五氧化二磷磷酸化后合成了十六烷基磷酸酯皮革加脂剂。对该加脂剂的加脂性能进行了研究，结果表明该加脂剂能赋予皮革很好的柔软性能和防水性能。     

磷酸酯加脂剂检测问题的研究（I）

以鱼油磷酸酯加脂剂为例，进行磷酸酯成分分析，探讨了用常用的电位滴定法和混合指示剂法。指出选择合适的溶剂来溶解试样是十分重要的，并加入适量氯化钙；初步检测了磷酸酯的杀菌性能，印证了磷酸酯加脂剂用于皮革加脂后能够赋予成革杀菌性。     

磷酸酯加脂剂的阻燃性能分析

采用氧指数法和垂直燃烧法,选择几种常用加脂剂与豆油脚磷酸酯加脂剂作了加脂后的阻燃性能比较.结果表明,加脂剂对皮革阻燃影响大小的顺序为鱼油＞菜籽油＞磷脂＞SCF加脂剂＞豆油脚磷酸酯,豆油脚磷酸酯的阻燃性能较好;初步探讨了豆油脚磷酸酯加脂剂用于皮革阻燃的机理.     

磷酸酯类皮革加脂剂及其合成方法

公开号 :CN10 98141A申请人 :吴强发明人 :于松华　徐群等　　本发明涉及皮革加脂剂—磷酸酯类皮革加脂剂及其合成方法。目前国内大量使用的皮革加脂剂是硫酸化加脂剂 ,其与皮革纤维以物理吸附或氢键等非化学键结合的形式吸附在皮革纤维上 ,油脂在革内容易发生迁移 ,至使成革表面油腻、久置发硬。80年代国际上开始开发应用磷酸酯类加脂剂 ,此类加脂剂含有活性磷酸根基团 ,属结合型加脂剂 ,能与革纤维上的铬盐鞣剂以配位化学键的形式紧密结合 ,促使铬盐在革内的分布更均匀 ,具有永久加脂效果。目前由脂烃、脂环烃、氟脂烃及其衍生物为基本…     

皮革专利

本发明提供了一种天然磷脂复合加脂剂及其制备方法。本发明的天然磷脂复合加脂剂由天然磷脂、亚硫酸化牛蹄油、脂肪醇磷酸酯组成。本发明的天然磷脂复合加脂剂加脂可以提高皮革的皮革的防水性能和丰满度，获得满意的加脂效果，而且该天然磷脂复合加脂剂色泽浅，适宜于浅色革加脂。     

关于用磷酸化清洁生产技术制备皮革加脂剂的探讨

探讨了在用磷酸化清洁生产技术制备皮革加脂剂的三个关键因素：①对磷酸化试剂种类的要求；②磷酸化试剂五氧化二磷的加入方式；③磷酸化反应副产物多聚磷酸酯的低碳链一元醇醇解代替水解。     

基于FTE的两性磷酸酯加脂剂的制备及应用(续)

以高级脂肪酸、三乙醇胺和五氧化二磷为主要原料,制备了系列基于脂肪酸三乙醇胺酯类(FTE)的两性磷酸酯加脂剂(APF),测试了产物的乳液粒径、乳液稳定性及等电点等。将其应用于皮革加脂工序,测试成革的抗张强度、撕裂强度及柔软度等性能,并与市售磷酸酯加脂剂加脂后的革样进行对比。结果表明:APF系列加脂剂的乳液平均粒径在50～200 nm,以月桂酸和软脂酸为原料合成的APE加脂剂乳液静置24 h未出现分层;APF系列加脂剂的等电点在2.5～4.3,加脂助染性能优良。由软脂酸制备的APF加脂剂加脂助染性能最优,由其加脂坯革的抗张强度、撕裂强度及柔软度分别达到12.95 N/mm~2、63.44 N/mm、8.55 mm,上染率及K/S值分别达到97.52%、12.37。     

磷酸酯加脂剂研究进展及分子设计

磷酸酯是具有我种加脂功能的皮革加脂剂,本文综述了磷酸酯加脂剂的研究与开发进展,并以蓖麻油为原料,根据加脂剂的功能性要求提出了合成磷酸酯加脂剂的分子设计。     

基于FTE的两性磷酸酯加脂剂的制备及应用

以高级脂肪酸、三乙醇胺和五氧化二磷为主要原料,制备了系列基于脂肪酸三乙醇胺酯类(FTE)的两性磷酸酯加脂剂(APF),测试了产物的乳液粒径、乳液稳定性及等电点等。将其应用于皮革加脂工序,测试成革的抗张强度、撕裂强度及柔软度等性能,并与市售磷酸酯加脂剂加脂后的革样进行对比。结果表明:APF系列加脂剂的乳液平均粒径在50～200 nm,以月桂酸和软脂酸为原料合成的APE加脂剂乳液静置24 h未出现分层;APF系列加脂剂的等电点在2. 5～4. 3,加脂助染性能优良。由软脂酸制备的APF加脂剂加脂助染性能最优,由其加脂坯革的抗张强度、撕裂强度及柔软度分别达到12. 95 N/mm~2、63.44 N/mm、8.55 mm,上染率及K/S值分别达到97. 52%、12. 37。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the