含金属芯压电纤维的纵向振动研究

建立了悬臂杆结构含金属性芯电纤维的纵向振动模型和动态测试模型。基于第一类压电方程,推导了外加简谐激励电压时,悬臂杆结构含金属芯压电纤维的等效纵向外力;基于纵向振动理论,推导出纵向振动模型;并由电位移,得到表面电荷、电流、导纳,建立了动态测试模型,通过测量共振频率fr、反共振频fa率和低频电容,计算出压电纤维的几个主要参数：弹性柔顺系数 、机电耦合系数 、介电常数 和压电常数 。详细叙述了纵向振动模型和动态测试模型的建立过程,并给出了具体的测试方法,提供了一个实际试样的测试结果。测试结果表明,根据纵向振动模型所建立的动态测试方法可以快速、准确地测量含金属芯压电纤维的主要参数。     

微振动输送中圆盘型压电振子的动力学分析

目的研究压电陶瓷振动给料器的双晶片压电振子,求出其力学表达式,为振动给料器的双压电晶片的优化设计奠定理论基础。方法以螺旋式压电振动给料器的圆盘型压电振子为例,对圆盘型压电双晶片进行动力学分析,建立振动模型及动力学方程,对激振力进行求解。结果运用Rayleigh-Ritz法推导出在简支边界条件下,双压电晶片振子的弯曲振动的共振频率以及激振力表达式,得出最大误差出现在160 V处,理论计算与实验验证数据的误差为10%左右,有限元分析与实验验证数据的误差为5%左右。结论通过实验可以看出在实际应用中,要综合考虑其电压输入与压电陶瓷层的变形程度,选择最佳的电能输入,才能使压电双晶片获得最大的激励位移。     

基于三次迟滞模型的超声电机圆环定子主共振响应

摘 要 将改进的三次多项式迟滞模型用于描述压电材料的弹性迟滞非线性特性,建立了压电材料二维非线性本构关系。根据Hamilton原理和Rayleigh-Ritz假设模态方法,建立了不考虑界面力时旋转行波超声电机圆环定子驻波振动的非线性动力学模型。用多尺度法求解定子的一次近似主共振响应,通过定常解分析,发现定子主共振响应中存在振幅跳跃和多解现象,着重分析了压电材料弹性迟滞非线性参数对主共振响应的影响。结果表明,迟滞参数a使幅频响应曲线左偏并出现多解现象,迟滞参数a和b同时影响系统响应振幅的大小。数值计算验证了解析解的正确性。从理论上揭示了压电材料弹性迟滞非线性对圆环定子主共振响应的影响,为超声电机的优化设计和控制提供了理论依据。     

共振频率可调式非线性压电振动能量收集器

振动能量回收技术能够将环境中的机械振动能转换成电能,进而为微功耗装置供电,具有良好的应用前景。设计了一种利用压电材料的新型振动能量收集器,该机电耦合结构由一对非对称压电悬臂梁组成,悬臂梁末端固定有永磁体,利用永磁体产生的非线性力,实现了悬臂梁共振频率与外界激振频率的匹配调节。提出了该结构的理论模型,借助Matlab/Simulink数值分析软件对理论模型进行了仿真分析,并通过实验进行了验证。实验结果表明外界激励加速度幅值为3 m/s~2的时,结构即能实现较大频带范围内的频率匹配调节,频带范围不低于6.5Hz,最大回收功率不低于2 mW。     

新型人工中耳压电振子设计

提出利用压电叠堆作砧骨激励式人工中耳的振子,并利用中耳-压电叠堆耦合力学模型对该压电叠堆振子进行辅助设计。该模型基于一无任何听力损伤病史的成年志愿者的左耳,利用CT扫描和逆向成型技术建成。其可靠性通过与实验对比加以验证。最终设计的压电振子只需要10.5 V的有效驱动电压,便可以对镫骨激起相当于鼓膜处90 dB声压激励的振幅。该振子在频率为1 kHz的单伏电压驱动工况下,能耗仅为0.03 mW,满足人工中耳低电压、低能耗的要求。     

压电复合材料层合板的混沌动力学研究

压电复合材料具有独特的机电耦合性、比强度高、比刚度大和抗疲劳性能好等优点,越来越广泛地被应用于航空航天等工程领域中。根据Reddy的三阶剪切变形层合板理论,研究了受面内横向外激励力、面内纵向参数激励和面外参数激励以及压电参数激励联合作用下四边简支矩形复合材料层合板在1:2:4内共振情况下的六维平均方程。考虑平均方程存在一对双零特征值和两对纯虚特征值的情况,利用规范形理论进行化简,得到与原方程拓扑等价的最简规范形,然后在此基础上利用能量相位法从理论上分析得到系统会产生同宿的多脉冲跳跃现象;同时,基于平均方程,通过数值仿真,发现系统会产生混沌运动,具有跳跃现象。     

压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的径向振动

对由压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环组成的复合振动系统的径向振动特性进行了研究。首先分析了压电陶瓷圆环和金属圆环的径向振动,推出了其各自的机电等效电路。在此基础上,得出了压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了系统的共振及反共振频率、有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸之间的关系。研究表明,当复合振动系统的壁厚比增大时,其共振及反共振频率升高。对于换能器的第一阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大而单调减小;对于换能器的第二阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大会出现一个极大值,而且,在一定的壁厚比范围内,换能器第二阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数大于第一阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数,这一规律与传统的有关压电换能器的分析理论及结果是有所不同的。     

考虑压电效应时压电陶瓷圆形振子的耦合振动

在考虑压电效应的情况下，本文对压电陶瓷圆形振子的耦合振动进行了研究。根据压电陶瓷圆形振子的运动方程及压电方程，通过引入振子不同振动模式之间的机械耦合系数，分析了振子轴向及径向振动之间的耦合关系，得出了振子耦合振动的电导纳表达式，并导出了共振频率方程。与一维理论的结果相比，由本文理论得出的振子共振频率与实际测量值更加符合。     

底座激振下检测微型叠层芯片共振频率

摘 要：为测试微悬臂芯片的动态特性,建立了以压电陶瓷为激振底座的测试系统。采用白噪声、稳态正弦和快速正弦（啁啾信号）扫频方式激励微叠层悬臂芯片,由多普勒测振仪测试芯片动态响应。通过分析压电陶瓷阻抗变化与芯片动态响应,获得的频率对应于压电陶瓷激振器所激励叠层芯片的一阶共振频率,这可作为微结构和器件的动态分析的测试方案。     

含损伤梁的三维有限元压电阻抗模型及参数研究

采用有限元软件ANSYS进行数值模拟分析,构建了含损伤梁的三维有限元压电阻抗（EMI）模型。分析中考虑粘结层的影响,将压电片-粘结层-主体结构作为整体耦合系统加以考察。与实验数据以及其它研究结果进行了对比分析,验证了该有限元压电阻抗模型的有效性和精确性。考察了各物理参数对压电阻抗信号的影响,尤其是梁中裂纹的出现和发展对电阻抗谱的作用。计算结果表明该压电阻抗模型能用于结构损伤识别。最后,讨论了有限元单元尺寸的选取对高频振动分析结果的影响。     

一种采用PVDF压电薄膜的弯张换能器

本文提出了一种采用PVDF压电薄膜代替弯张换能器的金属外壳的新型弯张换能器,即一种采用PVDF压电薄膜的弯张换能器。用阻抗分析仪、激光扫描测振仪和水声测量系统分别测量了采用PVDF压电薄膜的弯张换能器的谐振频率、带宽、发送电压响应、水平指向性。通过对比分析实验结果,可以看出该新型换能器与传统换能器一样可以将压电晶堆纵的振动转化为壳体的径向振动。     

Experimental measurements and finite element analysis of the coupled vibrational characteristics of piezoelectric shells

Piezoelectric plates can provide low-frequency transverse vibrational displacements and high-frequency planar vibrational displacements, which are usually uncoupled. However, piezoelectric shells can induce three-dimensional coupled vibrational displacements over a large frequency range. In this study, three-dimensional coupled vibrational characteristics of piezoelectric shells with free boundary conditions are investigated using three different experimental methods and finite element numerical modeling. For the experimental measurements, amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) is used to obtain resonant frequencies and radial, lateral, and angular mode shapes. This optical technique utilizes a real-time, full-field, non-contact optical system that measures both the natural frequency and corresponding vibration mode shape simultaneously. The second experimental technique used, laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), is a pointwise displacement measurement method that determines the resonant frequencies of the piezoelectric shell. An impedance analyzer is also used to determine the resonant frequencies of the piezoelectric shell. The experimental results of the resonant frequencies and mode shapes for the piezoelectric shell are verified with a numerical finite element model. Excellent agreement between the experimental and numerical results is found for the three-dimensional coupled vibrational characteristics of the piezoelectric shell. It is noted in this study that there is no coupled phenomenon at low frequencies over which radial modes dominate. However, three-dimensional coupled vibrational modes do occur at high resonant frequencies over which lateral or angular modes dominate.     

Theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation on resonant vibrations of piezoceramic annular disks

In this study, vibration characteristics of thin piezoceramic annular disks with stress-free boundary conditions are investigated by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental measurement. The nonaxisymmetric, out-of-plane (transverse), and axisymmetric in-plane (tangential and radial extensional) vibration modes are discussed in detail in terms of resonant frequencies, mode shapes, and electrical currents. Two optical techniques, amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) and laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), as well as the electrical impedance measurement are used to validate the analytical results. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that the transverse and tangential vibration modes cannot be determined by the impedance analysis; hence, only resonant frequencies of extensional vibration modes are presented from the impedance analyzer. The LDV system is used to measure the resonant frequencies of transverse vibrations. However, both the transverse and extensional vibration modes and resonant frequencies of piezoceramic annular disks are obtained by the AF-ESPI method, and the interferometric fringes are produced instantly by a video recording system. Numerical results obtained by finite-element calculations are compared with those from theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. It is shown that the theoretical predictions of resonant frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes agree well with the experimental results. Good agreement between the predicted and measured electrical impedance also is found. The dependence of resonant frequencies and dynamic electromechanical coupling coefficients on the inner-to-outer radius ratio also is analyzed and discussed in this study.     

Theoretical analysis and experimental measurement for resonant vibration of piezoceramic circular plates

Based on the electroelastic theory for piezoelectric plates, the vibration characteristics of piezoceramic disks with free-boundary conditions are investigated in this work by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental measurement. The resonance of thin piezoceramic disks is classified into three types of vibration modes: transverse, tangential, and radial extensional modes. All of these modes are investigated in detail. Two optical techniques, amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) and laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), are used to validate the theoretical analysis. Because the clear fringe patterns are shown only at resonant frequencies, both the resonant frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes are obtained experimentally at the same time by the proposed AF-ESPI method. Good quality of the interferometric fringe patterns for both the transverse and extensional vibration mode shapes are demonstrated. The resonant frequencies of the piezoceramic disk also are measured by the conventional impedance analysis. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate that the transverse and tangential vibration modes cannot be measured by the impedance analysis, and only the resonant frequencies of extensional vibration modes can be obtained. Numerical calculations based on the finite element method also are performed, and the results are compared with the theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. It is shown that the finite element method (FEM) calculations and the experimental results agree fairly well for the resonant frequencies and mode shapes. The resonant frequencies and mode shapes predicted by theoretical analysis and calculated by finite element method are in good agreement, and the difference of resonant frequencies for both results with the thickness-to-diameter (h/D) ratios, ranging from 0.01 to 0.1, are presented.     

螺旋离心泵转子系统动态响应数值分析

为研究螺旋离心泵转子对流固耦合作用的动态响应信息,以ZJ200-25型双叶片螺旋离心泵为研究对象,利用CFD软件CFX12.1和有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对其进行了考虑流场变载荷和结构相互作用的两场交替联合求解。得到转子受到的激励力以及位移响应频谱特点,结果表明：叶轮受到流场变载荷激励,发生了弯曲及拉伸振动;叶轮径向位移随流量增大而减小,其主频率与径向力主频率同为48.3Hz,轴向力以低频随机波动为主,但轴向位移仅在200Hz以内有较明显的响应,且振幅随频率增加而减小;叶轮质心位移在低阶频率处的振幅不高,高阶频率的振幅逐渐减小,轴向及径向位移均没有振幅过大的情况出现,说明螺旋离心泵转子正常工作时未发生共振,稳定性良好。本文研究结果对螺旋离心泵转子系统的设计改良及振动分析具有一定的参考意义。     

The investigation of three-dimensional vibration for piezoelectric rectangular parallelepipeds using the AF-ESPI method

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is a powerful tool for the full-field measurement of a deformed body. In this paper, a three-dimensional vibrating block that couples the out-of-plane and in-plane motions is investigated using the amplitude-fluctuation ESPI (AF-ESPI). This method demonstrates the advantages of combining high processing speed, such as in the subtraction method, with high fringe sensitivity, such as in the time-averaged method. The optical system for AF-ESPI is then employed to analyze the volume vibration of piezoelectric material for a rectangular parallelepiped configuration. Based on the fact that fringe patterns measured by the AF-ESPI method appear as a clear picture only at the resonant frequency, both the natural frequencies and the out-of-plane and in-plane vibration mode shapes are successfully obtained in this study. Finally, the impedance analysis as well as the finite element method (FEM) with three-dimensional model are also conducted to compare with the result obtained by AF-ESPI. It is shown that the numerical calculation and the experimental result agree fairly well for both the resonant frequency and the mode shape in three-dimensional configurations     

大力矩径向驻波型超声波电机有限元分析与实验研究

提出了一种大力矩径向驻波型超声波电机,在实现电机大力矩输出的同时保持结构紧凑的特点。首先设计并分析了电机的结构和工作原理,采用有限元法分析了电机定子的振动特性。接着制作了超声波电机样机,样机直径为32 mm。采用激光测振仪测量了定子的共振频率及径向振动的振幅,测量结果与理论分析结果相吻合。最后,搭建了电机输出特性测试平台,测量了电机在不同电压下的转矩-转速特性。实验测试结果显示,定子工作模态的共振频率为73.3 kHz,当施加的电压幅值为100 V、频率为74 kHz时,电机的空载转速为45 r/min,堵转力矩达到0.41 N·m。与其他同尺寸的超声波电机相比,所提出的径向驻波型超声波电机具有更大的堵转力矩。     

Dynamic in-plane resonant characteristics of piezoceramic and piezolaminated composite plates.

Piezolaminated composite plates have received considerable attention in various industrial applications due to their intelligent characteristics. In this investigation, two experimental measurement techniques are used to determine the in-plane resonant vibration of angle-ply laminated composites embedded with a piezoceramic layer (piezolaminated plates) for different stacking angles. The first method is a full-field optical technique, which is called the AF-ESPI (amplitude-fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry). This is the major experimental method. The AF-ESPI method is used to determine the in-plane resonant frequency and corresponding mode shape of a single-layer piezoceramic plate and piezolaminated plates with five different stacking angles. The second experimental technique, the impedance analyzer, is employed to determine the in-plane resonant frequency. Finally, numerical computations based on the finite element analysis are presented for comparison of the two experimental results. Excellent agreement between the experimentally measured data and the numerically calculated results are found for in-plane resonant frequencies and mode shapes. This study indicates that the dynamic characteristics of inplane resonant vibrations for piezolaminated plates with different stacking angles are quite different.     

电液疲劳试验系统的变谐振控制技术研究

随着激振频率的增加,电液疲劳试验机激振输出幅值急剧衰减,激振频率和激振输出幅值两者之间存在相互矛盾的关系,因此提出了利用谐振能量来提高激振输出幅值的方案。该方案通过改变阀控单出杆液压缸无杆腔容积的方法来改变系统的谐振频率,使得谐振频率与激振频率重合,在谐振点进行激振。在对液压动力机构的运动过程进行分析的基础上,建立系统的数学模型,运用四阶龙格库塔的数值方法对其进行求解,并对仿真结果进行理论分析;理论分析表明可以通过改变无杆腔容积来改变系统的谐振频率,且在谐振点处的激振输出幅值有较大幅度的提升;从负载流量曲线上看,由于谐振能量的输出使得在谐振点处的负载流量急剧降低。最后建立实验系统对以上仿真结果进行实验验证。实验结果表明：在谐振点出的激振输出幅值为饱和输出幅值的25%左右,负载流量反而减小了90%左右;通过改变无杆腔的容积能有效改变谐振频率,拓宽电液疲劳试验机应用范围。     

缓冲孔对爆破振动信号幅频特性影响研究

为探索缓冲孔对爆破振动信号的峰值质点振动速度、主振频率和各频带能量分布等的影响,依托贵州某露天矿临近边坡爆破振动试验,获得了现场主爆破和缓冲爆破的振动信号。分别采用小波包分析和数值模拟方法对采用主爆破和缓冲爆破的振动信号进行分析。结果表明,临近边坡缓冲爆破具有明显的减震效应。相同测点条件下,水平切向振动信号的减振率最大,减振效果最好。且随着测点距爆源的距离越近,其减振效果越好。爆破振动信号的能量主要集中于60 Hz以内且分布极不均匀,存在多个主振频带。设置缓冲孔进行临近边坡爆破时,其振动信号的能量更向高频的主振频带集中,有利于避开边坡的自振频率。