椰子花序汁液采集过程中保鲜方法的研究

椰子花序汁液的采集耗时长,易腐败变质.文中研究了椰子花序汁液采集过程中的保鲜方法.采集前对采集环境进行清洁,使用食品蒸煮袋代替竹筒收集椰花汁可提高椰花汁的新鲜度,同时在收集前根据预计流量往采集容器中加入一定量的焦亚硫酸钠和柠檬酸,使椰子花序汁液中二氧化硫的浓度约为80mg/kg,柠檬酸浓度约为0.08g/100mL.采集9h后椰子花序汁液的酸度为0.09g/100mL(以乳酸计),比空白对照组降低了0.13g/100mL,所得椰子花序汁液室温放置24 h后酸度缓慢增加至0.23g/100mL,比对照组降低了0.60g/lOOmL,并在36 h才发酵产气,比对照组延迟了27 h.     

椰子花序汁液饮料的工艺研究

研究了椰子花序汁液饮料的加工工艺.经正交试验和品质分析表明,椰子花序汁液饮料的最佳加工工艺条件为:椰花汁与水的比例1:1.5,用50%柠檬酸+50%乳酸,调pH值至4.00,用椰花汁糖浆调精度为7°Bx,黄原胶的用量为0.10%,在18MPa～20MPa、70%～80℃均质,在90℃～5℃温度罐装,然后80℃杀菌45 min,可制备出风味俱佳、稳定性好的椰花汁饮料.     

椰子花序汁液饮料的工艺研究

研究了椰子花序汁液饮料的加工工艺。经正交试验和品质分析表明,椰子花序汁液饮料的最佳加工工艺条件为:椰花汁与水的比例1:1.5,用50%柠檬酸+50%乳酸,调pH值至4.00,用椰花汁糖浆调糖度为7°Bx,黄原胶的用量为0.10%,在18MPa～20MPa、70℃～80℃均质,在90℃～95℃温度罐装,然后80℃杀菌45min,可制备出风味俱佳、稳定性好的椰花汁饮料。     

椰子花序汁液的综合开发利用

概述椰子花序汁液的营养成分及其性状,并对其产量及影响因素进行评估,简要介绍椰子花序汁液的主要加工产品,分析椰花汁综合开发利用前景.     

酒酒球菌在青梅汁中的生长及苹果酸乳酸发酵特性的研究

以青梅汁为原料,利用酒酒球菌的苹果酸-乳酸发酵(MLF)对青梅汁进行生物降酸的研究。结果表明:接种量为2.0×108CFU/mL,青梅汁的pH≥3.4时,MLF能正常进行,并使样品的酸度降低61.35%以上;接种量为2.6×107CFU/mL时,青梅汁的pH为3.6才能触发MLF,样品的酸度降低了77.60%;接种量为2.3×108CFU/mL,在pH3.6和4.0的青梅汁中,添加1.0g/100g的葡萄糖的样品,与不添加葡萄糖的样品相比,其酸度分别降低了27.04%和34.63%;在柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲体系中,酒酒球菌使体系酸度降低了26.40%,证实酒酒球菌可利用柠檬酸作为碳源,进行MLF。     

五味子、酸浆、枸杞复合饮料的研制

以五味子、酸浆、枸杞为主要原料,添加蔗糖、柠檬酸和稳定剂,制备复合饮料。以饮料感官指标为考察标准,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定饮料的最佳配方。饮料的最佳配方:混合汁配比为五味子提取液、酸浆汁和枸杞汁混合汁比例为7:3:4,混合汁添加量30 mL/100mL,蔗糖8 g/100 mL,柠檬酸0.05 g/100 mL;稳定剂及其添加量为卡拉胶0.04 g/100 mL,CMCNa 0.1 g/100 mL,黄原胶0.03 g/100 mL。该饮料营养全面,具有独特风味,有较高的推广价值。     

香椿-草莓-枸杞复合饮料生产工艺的研究

以香椿、草莓、枸杞为试材,采用单因素实验和正交实验的方法对香椿-草莓-枸杞复合饮料的生产工艺进行了系统研究。结果表明:0.1%的抗坏血酸与0.05%的柠檬酸对香椿汁护色效果较好;用0.3%~0.5%的复合脱苦剂30mL/L在50~60℃条件下对香椿汁液处理30min脱苦效果最好;复合果蔬汁澄清果胶酶的用量>3000u/kg时在20℃下澄清2h效果较好;香椿汁、草莓果汁、枸杞果汁的最佳用量的比例为1:3:2,调整后的酸度为3g/L、含糖量为10%。     

橘皮果醋的研制

采用液体发酵法酿制橘皮果醋,经水解、酒精发酵及醋酸发酵等工序。试验结果表明:酶解后橘皮汁的还原糖含量可达3.8g/100mL,用大米糖浆补糖至7.8g/100mL;经酒精发酵60h,酒精度达5.0°;再经醋酸发酵80h,酸度达3.15g/100mL。产品澄清透明,有柑橘特有的清香,酸味浓郁,醇香不涩。     

信阳毛尖枣茶复合饮料的工艺初探

以红枣、信阳毛尖茶叶为主要原料,研制出一种集营养、保健为一体的复合型茶饮料,以期为实际生产提供可靠的理论依据.以枣汁、茶汁、白砂糖、柠檬酸作为影响饮料感官特性的四大因素,设计正交试验,并进行分析.结果表明,枣汁100mL,茶汁20mL,蔗糖10g/100mL,柠檬酸0.15 g/100mL配比时枣茶饮料色泽风味最佳,组织形态浑浊均匀,稳定性好.     

响应面法优化复合护色剂对柿汁褐变的影响

以柿果为原料,利用曲酸、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸为护色剂对柿汁加工过程中抑制褐变进行研究。以褐变抑制率和色差值为指标,在添加不同浓度护色剂单因素试验基础上,进行正交试验,选取对褐变抑制率及色差值影响较大的三种护色剂为自变量,褐变抑制率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法,研究自变量交互作用对柿汁褐变的影响。结果表明:柿汁复合护色剂最优配比为曲酸1.02g/100mL、抗坏血酸0.41g/100mL、柠檬酸0.83 g/100mL,此条件下柿汁褐变抑制率实测值为86.15%,与预测值吻合率可达97.79%,可有效抑制柿汁褐变发生。     

椰花汁多糖醇沉工艺的研究

研究椰花汁多糖的醇沉淀工艺。首先采用单因素试验研究粗多糖液浓缩度、乙醇体积数、沉淀时间和pH对多糖沉淀率的影响,然后采用正交优化试验探讨最佳工艺参数。结果表明,醇沉淀工艺的最佳条件为:粗多糖液浓缩度0.8,按1∶4加入85%乙醇溶液,pH7.0、4℃下沉淀18h,在该条件下,沉淀率达98.00%。     

Effect of sodium metabisulphide on ethanol production in coconut inflorescence sap

The addition of up to 200 mg l^?1 of sodium metabisulphite to coconut inflorescence sap was found to suppress the non-ethanol producing micro-organisms and permit ethanol production by pure yeast cultures to different extents. At metabisulphite concentrations higher than 150 mg l^?1 the ethanol yields from sap fermented with a natural inoculum increased under laboratory conditions. In the field, introduction of sodium metabisulphite to sap collecting pots gave maximum ethanol yield at a concentration of 188 mg l^?1 and on fermenting for 36 days. A response function was derived, based on field observations, to predict the ethanol yields at different sodium metabisulphite concentrations up to 325 mg l^?1 and durations of fermentation 1 to 5 days.     

丝瓜茎汁液复合饮料的工艺研究

本实验以丝瓜为主要原料,以白砂糖、柠檬酸、丝瓜伤流液及菠萝汁等为辅料,开发一种具有保健功能的丝瓜茎汁液复合饮料。以饮料的感观质量为评价指标,采用单因素实验,考察白砂糖、柠檬酸、菠萝等对饮料品质的影响。在此基础上,采用四因素三水平正交试验L9(34),确定该饮料的最佳配方,其结果为丝瓜12%、白砂糖8%、柠檬酸0.070%、菠萝6%、丝瓜伤流液15%。该天然饮料营养丰富、风味独特,具有清热化痰、凉血解毒等保健作用。     

Microbiology and biochemistry of natural fermentation of coconut palm sap

The micro-organisms appearing during natural fermentation of coconut sap were identified and the physical and chemical changes occuring in the sap were studied by analysing samples collected at intervals of time during the traditional fermentation process.A total of 166 isolates of yeasts and 39 isolates of bacteria were identified. Seventeen species of yeasts belonging to eight genera were recorded. The largest number of isolates (72%) belonged to genera Candida, Pichia and Saccharomyces. Saccharomyces chevalieri was the most dominant yeast species and accounted for 35% of the total isolates. Seven genera of bacteria were isolated. The predominant Genera was Bacillus. Others included Enterobacter, Leuconostoc, Micrococcus and Lactobacillus.The major physical, chemical and microbiological changes occurring in the fermenting sap indicated that a natural fermentation of coconut sap consist of an initial lactic acid fermentation, a middle alcoholic fermentation and a final acetic acid fermentation. It also appeared that activities brought about by micro-organisms of early phase helped the activities of the micro-organisms in each of the later phases.     

高纤椰果啫喱的研制

以高纤椰果、白砂糖、果冻粉为主要原料,应用正交试验设计对高纤椰果啫喱的加工工艺进行了研究。结果表明,白砂糖16％、啫喱粉0．7％(卡拉胶:魔芋胶=2:1)、柠檬酸0．3％、葡萄糖酸钙 0．3％、高纤椰果10％,研制出色泽均匀、组织状态良好、酸甜适宜的高纤椰果啫喱。     

Comparison of crystallized coconut sugar produced by traditional method and amorphous coconut sugar formed by two drying methods: vacuum drying and spray drying

Coconut sugar is traditionally produced by evaporating sap until reaching its saturated liquid and formed a crystalline structure. This study investigated the comparison of coconut sugar made by traditional method (crystalline structure) and dried coconut sugar (predominantly amorphous structure) to its characteristics. Two different formulation of coconut sap : maltodextrin (7 : 3) and (6 : 4) (weight/weight) were dried using vacuum oven (70℃, 6 hours) and spray dried (Tinlet 120℃.) Coconut sugar was characterized for moisture content, crystallinity, water sorption isotherm, hygroscopic rate, color, dissolving time, and powder recovery. Initial moisture content was examined and in range of 1.33% - 3.44% (wb). The highest monolayer water content was obtained by using spray drying (6 : 4) and lowest was obtained by traditional method. X-ray diffraction showed that dried coconut sugar powder had dominant amorphous structure (70.9 – 71.4%) while traditional one was dominated with crystalline structure (90.5%). Traditional coconut sugar was the least hygroscopic (1.21 × 10-4 g water/g solid/minutes), followed by vacuum dried coconut sugar (1.48 × 10-4 g water/g solid/minutes) and spray dried ones (1.56 – 1.67 × 10-4 g water/g solid/minutes). Spray dried coconut sugar had the brightest and the whitest color, followed by vacuum dried and traditional coconut sugar. Vacuum dried powder was quicker to dissolve (13.33 – 16.67 s), while increasing maltodextrin in spray drying could not decrease the dissolving time. The highest powder recovery of dried sugar was obtained by using vacuum drying and higher maltodextrin concentration (88.70%) while traditional method produced 100% powder recovery.     

姜汁护色浸提研究与姜汁保健饮料研制

探讨了姜汁热浸提护色工艺,实验结果表明生姜与水按1∶3质量比混合、以0.5%柠檬酸护色、在90℃下浸提5min时所得姜汁外观与风味最佳。还研究了姜汁与椰汁的复配,开发出一种口感与营养俱佳的姜汁保健饮料,其工艺与配方为：姜汁稀释4倍、姜汁与椰汁复配比例1∶2、白砂糖3%、pH6.8、黄原胶0.07%。     

椰子纳塔发酵条件研究

研究了一株醋酸杆菌（Ａｃｅｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｓｐ．）在椰子水培养液中发酵产生纳塔（ｎａｔａ）的适宜工艺条件：蔗糖７％,ＮＨ４Ｃｌ０．４％,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．２％,ＭｇＳＯ４０．０２％,ＣａＣｌ２０．０２％,ＦｅＳＯ４０．０００５％（Ｗ／Ｖ）,酵母膏０．０５％,柠檬酸０．０２％,椰子水５０％～１００％（Ｖ／Ｖ）,ｐＨ４．０,用大口容器盛装,３０℃静置培养１４～１８ｄ。在此条件下,于５００ｍｌ烧杯中发酵１６ｄ,最高可收获１８２ｇ重,３．３ｃｍ厚的纳塔,其外观和品质均符合纳塔食品的加工要求。     

Changes in chemical composition of coconut (Cocos nucifera) water during maturation of the fruit

Changes in chemical composition of coconut (Cocos nucifera) water, including total and soluble solids, titratable acidity (as citric acid), turbidity, ash, lipids and sugars, were investigated in four varieties of coconuts at four stages of maturity of the fruit. The most significant change was observed in the volume of nut water, which increased during development from 233 to 504 ml, with the greatest quantity found at 9 months. Fat, protein, soluble solids, acidity and turbidity also increased steadily with maturity, while pH and ash showed variation throughout maturation. The interaction of variety and stage of maturity of the fruit appeared to have a significant effect on the chemical composition of the coconut water. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同乳酸菌对椰子水饮料的发酵特性研究

以椰子水为原料,利用6株乳酸菌:发酵乳杆菌L20、面包乳杆菌32-2-2、短乳杆菌64-1、植物乳杆菌A33、嗜热链球菌IFFI6038和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种CICC6045发酵椰子水制备饮料,分析测定发酵椰子水主要成分、抑菌活性和感官评价的变化。试验结果表明,发酵48 h时,面包乳杆菌32-2-2发酵椰子水饮料总酸含量最高,达10.85 g/L;植物乳杆菌A33发酵椰子水饮料pH值最低为3.1;德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种CICC6045发酵椰子水饮料还原糖含量最低为0.03 g/L;植物乳杆菌A33的抑菌谱最广;抑菌活性与pH值和乳酸含量呈显著相关性。植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种发酵椰子水感官评分较高。