拉美能矿资源基础、产业特征及中拉合作策略研究

拉美是保障我国能源安全,应对当前风险与挑战不容忽视的地区。中拉能矿合作面临着现实性机遇。拉美能矿资源丰富,分布集中,但基础设施和技术水平相对落后,与我国优势高度互补。拉美能矿产业发展特征及新能源产业发展政策为中拉能矿提供了广阔的合作空间。未来中拉应进一步推进能矿合作,为新时期中拉整体合作的提质升级提供支撑。     

基于CGE模型的东北亚能源互联网经济效益量化分析

东北亚地区的能源基础设施合作引起了很多学者的关注.大多数研究专注于该地区电网互联、可再生能源开发的技术可行性,而忽略了能源基础设施合作带来的社会和经济效益的定量分析.本研究使用可计算一般均衡模型来评估构建东北亚能源互联网的经济社会效益.主要模型工作包括 1)构建新的嵌套结构,2)通过计量模型估计化石和非化石能源发电替代...     

浙江省城市能源基础设施现状分析与探讨

浙江省常规能源资源比较匮乏,随着城市化进程的深入及人们生活水平的提高,能源供需矛盾日益突出,能源基础设施建设步伐相对滞后于快速增长的能源消费需求。文章探讨了浙江省城市能源基础设施发展现状,对比分析了具有代表性的能源指标,并对浙江省的能源建设提出了建议。     

高油价下的亚太国家能源政策

国际市场油价不断攀升,对亚太发展中国家经济增长带来巨大影响和挑战。许多国家都采取各种措施,积极应对,调整和制定能源政策,通过改善提高能源利用效率,鼓励开发利用可再生能源,积极开展区域合作,优化资源配置,降低对石油资源的依赖,保障能源安全。本文分析了当前油价对经济发展的影响,介绍了部分亚太国家应对油价上涨的能源政策,指出保障能源安全,实现可持续发展是亚太国家能源政策的唯一选择。     

Towards a low carbon energy future – Renewable energy cooperation between Germany and Norway

Renewable energy is a cornerstone of German climate change policies. Germany has adopted particularly ambitious renewable energy targets, and is now implementing an Energiewende – a transition to a nuclear-free and low-carbon energy system. The transition could be eased through European cooperation. This article investigates the economic, political, environmental and technological factors that act as drivers and barriers to renewable energy cooperation between Germany and Norway. The article finds that German actors see Norwegian electricity as a means for enhancing the stability of their electricity system as Germany shifts to a greater reliance on renewables. In Norway the picture is more mixed. Norwegian state-owned electricity producers and grid operators are interested in cooperation largely out of profit motives, but expect Germany to create a favorable environment for investors. Energy-intensive industries and consumers on the other hand, are afraid that more electricity cooperation with Germany will raise electricity prices. The Norwegian environmental movement is split on the issue. Parts of the movement see renewable energy cooperation as an important step towards a European low-carbon energy future. Nature and outdoor organizations, however, argue that new renewable energy infrastructure, including pumped-storage hydropower, will result in major environmental impacts. If cooperation is to be achieved, these economic and environmental concerns will have to be taken seriously.     

南亚区域能源合作的现状与前景

南亚地区经济增长迅速,对能源的供给造成巨大压力,而区域能源合作是解决问题的重要途径。目前南亚能源合作进程较为缓慢,合作程度较低。能源储量不足、缺乏政治互信、周边地区局势不稳定以及地理限制、技术、财政是南亚能源合作的主要障碍。但也存在各种促进南亚能源合作的有利因素,其发展前景还是大有可为的。中国应采取态度积极、步伐稳健的政策逐步参与南亚能源合作。     

新疆炼油与化工产业发展现状及面临的挑战

新疆石油远景资源量达到221.67×108t,占全国总量的20.4%;煤炭预测资源量为2.19×1012t,占全国总量的42%,居全国之首。为了开发利用本地丰富的石油、天然气、煤炭资源,新疆以独山子克拉玛依、乌鲁木齐、吐哈、南疆四大石化基地为基础,布局了一批与大型石化产业相关的深加工项目。目前中国石油和中国石化在新疆的炼油能力已达到2750×104t/a,约占全国炼油总能力的5.6%;乙烯生产能力122×104t/a,约占全国总能力的10%。目前规划建设的煤化工项目有哈密广汇甲醇/二甲醚项目、潞安合成氨/尿素项目、湖北宜化合成氨/尿素项目等。新疆炼油与化工产业发展面临加工原油种类多、品质差;油品质量与国内外先进水平差距较大;石化产品品种少,缺乏高附加值产品牌号;节能减排形势严峻;煤化工发展面临压力等挑战。与此同时,由于国家政策的支持、资源地域优势明显、炼化产业基础好,新疆炼油与化工产业也面临良好的发展机遇。新疆地区应大力发展炼油化工产业,谨慎发展煤化工;提高油品和石化产品质量,扩大下游产业链;重视节能减排,推进绿色生产;加快人才队伍建设,强化国内外交流合作。     

长三角地区能耗特点与节能对策研究

作为我国经济最发达地区之一的长三角地区,在全国的经济和能耗总量中占有较大的权重,其节能减排工作对全国的节能减排任务的完成举足轻重。本文从能耗增速、人均能耗、能源结构、能耗强度等方面研究了长三角地区的能耗特点及产业用能结构特点,在此基础上分析了该地区面临的节能形势,提出在长三角两省一市各自采取节能措施的基础上,需要加强节能工作的区域性合作,并从联合制定区域性产业准入门槛、联合制定区域性能耗标准、联合开展节能技术开发、联合开展环境保护执法等方面提出了区域性节能对策,以期共同推进区域节能工作。     

Transportation infrastructure and efficient energy services: A perspective of China's manufacturing industry

Transportation infrastructure and efficient energy services are closely related to the economy and national strategic competitiveness. Whether there are internal influence mechanisms behind their similar growth trends is a question worthy of further discussion. Given the fundamental and leading role played by infrastructure investment and energy cooperation in international exchanges, studying this global issue can provide a new perspective and reference for policy-makers' macroeconomic planning. However, there is very little literature investigating the influencing mechanism of transportation infrastructure on the efficient energy services of countries. The energy consumption of China's manufacturing industry accounted for 12.8% of the world in 2016, which makes the sector suitable as our research object. Using the provincial panel data from 1998 to 2016, this paper quantitatively calculates the effective energy services of the manufacturing industry in China and adopts the convergence analysis to find the phenomenon that the gaps of effective energy services between the three regions (east, central and west) are growing. The empirical results indicate that the development of transportation infrastructure, economic growth, technological progress, optimization of industrial structure, and the decline of energy price will significantly improve the effective energy service. Moreover, the panel threshold model is applied to demonstrate that the influence of transportation infrastructure on effective energy services in the context of income heterogeneity shows a nonlinear rising characteristic. The construction of transportation infrastructure plays an increasingly vital role in promoting effective energy services for the manufacturing industry in the central and western regions. Based on the above conclusions, we not only put forward some targeted policy recommendations to improve the policy design of the Chinese government, but also provide references for the transportation infrastructure cooperation in countries with different economic development levels along the Belt and Road Initiative.     

A framework for technology cooperation to accelerate the deployment of renewable energy in Pacific Island Countries

When considering renewable energy, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) focus on energy security and affordability as primary benefits. In Melanesia, access to modern energy services represents a major unfinished agenda. To that end, Pacific Energy Ministers have endorsed the Framework for Action on Energy Security in the Pacific (FAESP) in April 2011. The associated implementation plan (IPESP) was developed, however never formally endorsed. PICs have instead taken a pathway towards national energy transition roadmaps. This paper describes the current status of the energy sector in PICs, the main challenges and the barriers to the deployment of renewable energy and the role of international cooperation in accelerating deployment. In the context of this analysis, technology cooperation is treated as the sum of cooperation on “orgware”, software and hardware. These three dimensions are explored in the context of the Pacific energy sector, looking at how development finance (DF) is currently distributed among them. Looking at the key barriers identified and the areas where DF has been focused to date, this paper proposes a framework for removal of barriers to the deployment of renewable energy in the Pacific through more focused use of DF and technical cooperation. The framework identifies key goals, actors, activities, resources necessary and indicators to monitor progress.     

论中国的能源安全战略

分析了目前中国能源形势及面临的挑战;提出了立足国内是解决能源安全问题的基本思路;并认为通过和平与合作途径,建立稳定可靠的国外能源供应体系,是解决中国能源供应不足的另一战略措施;最后阐述了新的能源安全观。     

蒙陕甘宁能源金三角地区水资源需求分析与保障对策

蒙陕甘宁能源金三角地区是我国实现能源发展战略综合开发的重要组成部分,目前面临的主要问题是水资源匮乏、利用效率低,随着经济社会快速发展,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,水资源将成为制约该区域能源综合开发的瓶颈。根据区域内各省(区)能源综合开发的规模,对能源综合开发的水资源需求进行了预测,通过分析当地水资源供水保障能力,得出仅靠该区域当地水资源难以满足大规模能源综合开发的需求,并提出切实可行的对策,以保障该区域供水安全。     

金砖四国的能源消费状况比较研究

经济持续高速增长的巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国等发展中国家并称为"金砖四国"(BRICs)。从能源消费总量、能源效率、能源结构等方面看,BRICs在世界能源消费中的比例越来越重,能源效率不断提高,能源结构符合本国资源禀赋特征和经济特征,在能源安全领域的合作对世界能源发展与能源格局影响重大。     

上海合作组织成员国之间能源领域合作潜力分析

本文首先分析了我国能源消费现状及其特点,然后从上海合作组织成员国的资源、市场条件出发,分析了成员国之间在能源领域开展合作的潜力,并提出合作的重点方向。     

对中国能源问题的思考

本文阐明了能源问题的重要性,指出能源是我国经济社会发展的重要制约因素,事关经济安全和国家安全。从资源、生产、消费以及对环境和经济社会发展影响等方面,分析了世界能源基本状况和发展趋势,并探讨了我国能源发展面临的机遇和挑战。关于中国能源发展的战略思路,是本文论述的重点。文中提出走中国特色新型能源发展道路,主要涵义是:坚持节约高效、多元发展、清洁环保、科技先行、国际合作,努力建设一个利用效率高、技术水平先进、污染排放低、生态环境影响小、供给稳定安全的能源生产流通消费体系。文章阐述了节约优先的长期战略、一次能源的有效开发利用和先进电力系统的发展等内容,展望了未来能源技术的发展前景。同时,还提出实施好能源发展战略,需要进一步完善能源政策,健全体制机制,加强宏观管理,更好地发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用,为经济社会发展提供有力的能源保障。     

Oil and natural gas prospects: Middle East and North Africa

The MENA region is endowed with enormous resources of oil and gas, rendering it the world′s richest region in this regard. Endowment differs from one country to another with few countries are almost dry; however the economic benefits proliferated to almost every country in the region. In spite of some doubts being cast about the amount of proven oil reserves, these with improved technology and new discoveries are increasing year after another. With no long term feasible alternatives to oil for transport and the increasing trade in LNG, the region′s importance as a world′s leading supplier of fossil fuels will continue for decades to come.However, these favourable prospects hide many challenges facing the MENA region, among them is the difficulty in mobilizing investment funds for sustaining and increasing output to feed growing global demand. Growing local demand, due to the proliferation of subsides, is another worrying aspect that already caused few countries with modest resources to become oil importers instead of exporters, with larger exporters decreasing their surplus output. The region is also still mainly dependant on foreign technologies and skilled manpower. Regional cooperation in oil and gas networks and electricity interconnections is still modest.The region has a long history of conflict; correspondingly it is a major importer of armaments which is increasingly eating a lot of its surplus income. With the political and social changes presently taking place in many MENA countries, due to the Arab spring and continuation of local conflicts, the sustainability of supplies from the region are increasingly a source of worry to MENA exporters and its many importers. It is also causing increasing involvement of the super powers in regional affairs.     

科学发展观指导下的中国能源发展战略

能源发展战略是对能源总体发展的部署、谋划和设计。我国能源发展战略既是在科学发展观指导下制定的,又是科学发展观的重要组成部分。我国能源发展战略的基本内容是坚持节约优先、立足国内、多元发展、保护环境、科技创新、深化改革、国际合作、改善民生,推进能源生产和利用方式变革,构建安全、稳定、经济、清洁的现代能源产业体系,努力以能源的可持续发展支撑经济社会的可持续发展。构建可持续发展的能源体系是我国能源发展战略的核心。坚持节约资源的基本国策,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,是贯彻落实科学发展观、实现可持续发展的必然要求,这为我国在科学发展观指导下制定能源资源安全战略提供了依据。加强国际能源合作是能源发展战略的重要内容。需要从战略高度充分认识做好能源资源工作的重要性和紧迫性,按照科学发展观指导下的能源安全战略的指引,科学谋划我国能源发展的总体方略,促进中国能源产业的健康、有序、可持续发展。     

清洁能源发展与中国的能源战略——“首届中美清洁能源务实合作论坛”综述

该文是2009年10月在北京召开的"首届中美清洁能源务实合作论坛"的综述。文章提出中美两国清洁能源合作的基本框架,对两国未来在此领域的合作前景进行了展望,分析了一些地区在此方面的成功经验,对中国清洁能源战略布局提出了相关建议。     

Future changes in wind energy resource over the Northwest Passage based on the CMIP6 climate projections

The preferential use of renewable energy sources such as wind power has been proposed as one of the most effective strategies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector. However, wind energy resources are vulnerable to climate change, which might have a huge impact on the area under consideration. In this research, we used the wind speed data obtained from the seven coupled global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to quantitatively analyze the differences in wind energy resource (WER) between the future and the historical period, geared toward understanding the impact of climate change on wind energy sources. Relevant results show that the future WER would decreases below 20% in the region south of the Northwest Passage, while would significantly increase in the north region of 72°N (specifically in the Beaufort Sea). Further, reports predict that by the end of the 21st century, if no interventions are made to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, the northern region's WER would increase even more with some grid points exceeding 30% and have a significant growth trend, but at the same time the intra‐annual variability in these region would also increase significantly with some grid points exceeding 140% of that in the historical period. Moreover, the maximum wind speed values would encounter a noteworthy increase of up to 20%, which will bring great challenge to the development of wind energy in these region. Although the current models still have great uncertainties in the future climate prediction, our work still has certain guiding significance for the future development of wind energy over the Northwest Passage.     

The status of transportation demand management in Greater Vancouver and energy implications

As transportation problems deteriorate and resources become limited, transportation professionals have realized that they cannot always rely on supplying more infrastructure to meet travel demands. Instead, they have looked to transportation demand management (TDM) as a means of influencing the demand for transportation. TDM is currently being planned for implementation in the Greater Vancouver region. Under an umbrella of extensive planning strategies, TDM is considered to play a significant role in the region's future state of transportation. Four main components are being planned under the Greater Vancouver Regional TDM Project: trip reduction service, parking management, conversion of fixed automobile costs to variable, and road pricing. Currently, 70% of the provincial transportation energy needs is due to road transportation, of which one-third is due to commuters. Compared to trend forecasts for the year 2021, it is estimated that these TDM measures could produce savings of approximately 56,000 l of automobile fuel in the morning peak hour, 343,000 l on a typical weekday, and 113,000,000 l annually. This paper will discuss the current and future states of transportation in the region, the planning process leading up to the TDM project, and the estimated implications of TDM on transportation energy needs.