宝钢经济型油套管接头产品开发及应用

油套管接头的性能是油套管管柱重要质量指标之一,其选用条件是根据油气田工况条件,采用API扣型和特殊螺纹扣型。对于低压低产气井,选用API扣型不能保证气密封性能,选用特殊螺纹扣型价格贵、成本高,因此,没有合适的扣型选用。宝钢根据油田低压低产气井工况条件,设计开发了经济型油套管产品,产品通过全尺寸实物性能试验,其上扣完整性、密封完整性、结构完整性达到了产品设计要求,并在油田完成了下井试验,产品满足了油田实际工况的要求,实现了实用性和经济性的统一。     

复杂井况条件下的管柱完整性研究及产品开发

研究了在复杂井况条件下(如三超气井)所存在的管柱完整性问题,从油套管材质、接头类型、管柱设计和施工工艺等方面阐述了管柱完整性的影响因素。通过对油套管在复杂井况下的应用研究,发现酸化液和完井液在建井初期对管柱的腐蚀与在生产过程中的腐蚀同等重要。而对于复杂井况下的螺纹接头,不仅需满足ISO13679 CALⅣ级的标准要求,还需对接头进行具体工况和工艺下的适用性试验验证。最后介绍了宝钢针对复杂工况井开发的油套管产品的持续改进和新产品开发等成果。     

宝钢研发的高铬钢套管成功用于3800多米深气井

由宝钢股份研究院与宝钢分公司联合研制开发的耐二氧化碳腐蚀B13Cr110高铬钢套管成功用于中石化东北新区3800多米深气井，经现场测试，各项技术性能指标均达到用户要求。这一具有宝钢自主知识产权的产品成功填补了国内空白，大大提升了宝钢在钢管市场上的竞争能力。     

宝钢研发的高铬钢套管成功用于3800多米深气井

由宝钢股份研究院与宝钢分公司联合研制开发的耐二氧化碳腐蚀B13Cr110高铬钢套管成功用于中石化东北新区3800多米深气井，经现场测试，各项技术性能指标均达到用户要求。这一具有宝钢自主知识产权的产品成功填补了国内空白，大大提升了宝钢在钢管市场上的竞争能力。     

宝钢抗腐蚀系列油井管的开发

结合油气田硫化氢、二氧化碳及氯离子等的腐蚀特点,针对石油天然气工业开采开发过程出现的油井管腐蚀类型和危害,系统介绍了宝钢一般抗硫管、高抗硫管、抗硫钻杆、低Cr经济型抗二氧化碳和硫化氢腐蚀管、高抗二氧化碳的13Cr油套管和Ni基合金油套管系列产品的研发及应用情况,并结合用户的需求与宝钢钢管品种发展的战略,对下一步宝钢抗腐蚀油井管的研究开发提出了设想.     

快速上扣螺纹接头的有限元分析及优化设计

快速上扣螺纹接头是一种适用于大口径套管的接箍螺纹连接方式,具有对扣容易、上扣效率高、不错扣的特点,特别适合于海上等恶劣环境作业.根据市场需求,宝钢开发出了自主知识产权的快速上扣螺纹接头.介绍了宝钢快速上扣螺纹接头的优化设计过程,利用有限元方法对齿形角、螺纹中径、锥度、连接强度等进行分析,确定了接头的优化结构.开发的快速上扣螺纹接头产品分别在宝钢实验室和西安管研院完成并通过了全尺寸实物性能试验,13.375 in规格已在油田完成下井试验,证明产品的上扣完整性、密封完整性、结构完整性满足油田使用要求.     

北美特殊扣套管综述

介绍了北美生产和应用比较广泛的Ultra-DQX、USS CDC、Tenaris Wedge500、Tenaris Blue、SealLock Apex等几种套管特殊扣的螺纹形式、密封形式、扭矩台肩等结构特点,阐述了特殊扣的优缺点和适用特点。结合国内套管特殊扣的开发和使用情况,指出了国内套管特殊扣的使用和开发过程中需要解决的问题,对国内自主知识产权的油套管特殊扣产品的开发提出了建议。     

直连型油套管产品开发和应用

直连型油套管凭借接头外径相对常规带接箍油套管小的结构特点,广泛应用于小井眼儿开窗侧钻、复杂地层等工况中,通过减小接头外径尺寸,增加了环隙空间,有利于下井和固井等井下作业。论述了直连型产品的使用工况和自身的特点,简单介绍了API直连型产品和国内外直连型产品的特点和性能,并进行分析,重点从设计理念、产品特点及实物性能等方面阐述了宝钢直连型产品的开发和应用。     

直连型油套管接头结构设计与分析

直联型油套管在石油深井、超深井钻井、特殊间隙固井、修井等作业中有重要应用,但整体连接性能较低。本文对直连型特殊扣油套管产品进行优化设计开发,通过有限元分析方法,选出最优设计方案,并根据API RP 5C5 2017版标准的试验方法,验证了接头上、卸扣能力和气密封能力。结构优化后的特殊扣采用勾型齿形和球对锥的密封结构,合理的结构使优化后的特殊扣接头具有优异的抗粘扣性能,较高连接强度和抗内压性能,能够适应日益复杂的井况。     

储气库气井用油套管气密封完整性探讨

介绍了储气库建设的意义和形式及国内外地下储气库的发展现状.就储气库气井用管材,从使用年限、生产过程、载荷变化和腐蚀介质等方面提出了服役的特点和要求,进而针对管材的螺纹接头,结合宝钢特殊扣油管,从密封形式的选择、生产制造的精度保证、必要的复合应力状态下性能评估和使用过程的密封完整性四个方面探讨了储气库气井用特殊螺纹接头的密封完整性这一系统工程.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。