适合变速转子的不平衡质径积搜索电磁轴承振动抑制

转子不可避免地存在质量不平衡是转子运行产生同步振动的主要原因。一种适合在变速条件的电磁轴承转子不平衡控制方法被提出。该方法能够自适应地搜索转子不平衡质径积的大小和方位,并以此为依据产生控制信号,抑制转子振动,强迫转子绕其几何中心旋转,提高转子的旋转精度。不平衡质径积是转子的固有特性,与转速无关。与基于不平衡力的控制方法相比较,在跟踪变速引起的不平衡力剧烈变化时,基于不平衡质径积的控制方法不需要频繁更新控制参数,只需要为克服系统非线性而调整控制参数。同时,该方法能根据振动抑制误差调节搜索步长,调和了搜索速度和控制精度的矛盾。试验表明,所述方法能够有效抑制转子的不平衡振动,并且在变转速条件下,大幅降低控制器的计算负荷,提高在快速变速、转子过临界等转子振动随转速变化较快应用场合的控制性能。     

基于显式有限元的转子不平衡与轴承故障耦合分析

为分析转子不平衡与轴承故障耦合振动特征及产生机理,在对转子不平衡与轴承故障耦合状态下受力分析的基础上,基于虚位移原理的增广拉格朗日法建立轴承运动控制方程,运用LS-DYNA建立转子-轴承系统二维显式动力学有限元模型,分析了故障耦合状态下轴承振动加速度、转子轴心运动轨迹,探明了转子不平衡-轴承缺陷耦合故障冲击响应特征及转...     

人工心脏泵磁悬浮转子质量不平衡及磁耦合研究

结合建模与实验，分析了人工心脏泵转子质量不平衡及磁耦合对转子稳定悬浮的影响，依据转子动力学理论推导出了五自由度转子运动方程。由运动方程知，转子前后端的质量耦合可消去，转子同自由度前后端同时控制优于分开控制。运用转子自由振动及陀螺力方程分析了动不平衡对转子偏心的影响，结果表明：建模时增加动不平衡矩阵可有效减小偏心；为减小涡动，转子径向采样周期应与转速相适应，不宜过快。采用有限元方法给出了磁极不同工作方式时的磁力线分布，结果表明同时控制互相垂直方向的磁极有利于减小磁耦合。实验测量了转子在平衡位置的各向位移，并计算出静态时X方向的偏心相对误差为0．28％，Y方向的偏心相对误差为0．42％。     

斜齿轮柔性转子轴承系统非线性动力学分析

考虑齿侧间隙、轴承径向间隙、齿轮不平衡力,使用有限元法建立质量矩阵、刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵并组装成整体参数矩阵,建立了适用于斜齿轮柔性转子滚动轴承系统的非线性动力学模型。采用Runge-Kutta法求解,并分析系统的动力学行为。研究了转速、转轴刚度、不平衡力对斜齿轮系统非线性动力学行为的影响规律。结果表明：随着转速的变化,系统将经历周期、拟周期、混沌等多种运动状态;随着转轴刚度的减小,混沌运动的区间减小,振幅大小发生改变;不平衡力增大后,系统混沌区间增大,混沌运动的区间也发生改变。     

精密离心机静偶不平衡分离的研究

分析惯导用精密离心机动平衡测试系统的测试信号;分别研究静不平衡与偶不平衡作用下转子的回转中心,分析静不平衡与偶不平衡的输出信号,求得静不平衡与偶不平衡,对干脆步平衡及偶不平衡分别在双校正面上进行了分离。解决由于测试点不在转子的支承处,所测得的振幅无法直接应用于静偶不平衡分离的力方程和力矩方程中的问题。     

一种现场修正烧结机转子平衡状态的方法

为避免烧结机转子在现场修复过程中平衡状态破坏导致机组振动异常,本文提出一种现场修正烧结机转子平衡状态的方法。该方法综合考虑转子在整体结构、阻尼、支撑刚度、角速度等不变的条件下,轴承箱的壳体振动速度与扰动力的角度不变的特性,运用刚性转子重量、加重半径、加重重量的关系,采用现场动平衡质量校正技术,保障机组可正常稳定运行。     

Automatic balancing of flexible vertical rotors using a guided ball

Automatic balancing of flexible vertical rotors using a ball guided to move freely in a circular groove housed in the rotor disk is studied. The dynamic interaction between the balancing ball and the rotor is investigated using an undamped three-degrees-of-freedom system model in a rotating reference frame. The centrifugal force on the balancing-ball moves it to a relative rest position in the groove and thereby modifies the effective rotor unbalance. The stability of balancing ball position during the rotor whirling motion is analyzed and the conditions under which the unbalanced rotor vibration can be neutralized by the automatic balancer are identified. The stability results are presented graphically to facilitate an effective automatic balancer design. The results show that the automatic balancer can neutralize the unbalance whirling motion of the rotor, when operated at speeds higher than its critical speed.     

Automatic unbalance correction of rotors by sympathetic phase inversion of ultraviolet-curing resin

We developed an automatic unbalance correction technique for unbalanced rotors using a sympathetic phase inversion of ultraviolet (UV)-curing resin. Correcting the unbalanced weight during production is essential for various industrial rotors. The reduction of the cost and time of the correction process of unbalance during production is of great importance; however, the correction must have high precision, particularly for low-cost rotors such as polygon scanner motors and hard disks. In this paper we propose a new technique for correcting the unbalance of polygon scanner motors. Our system rotated a rotor on a translational oscillation table at a speed higher than that of the resonance rotation speed. The rotor exhibited runout opposing the unbalanced weight at this speed, and UV-curing resin preliminarily injected into the rotor also positioned itself opposite the unbalanced weight. UV light at this point cured the resin to immediately counter the unbalanced weight. Our experimental system confirmed the feasibility of this correction technique and reduced the unbalanced weight to 20% of that before the correction. This was in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

数控有源磁力轴承对转子不平衡振动抑制的一种新方法

有源磁力轴承在高转速场合应用时,由于转子的不平衡响应,降低了转子的旋转精度。我们借鉴转子现场平衡的两平面影响系数法,设计了一种利用数字控制的有源磁力轴承对不平衡补偿的方法,实验表明,这种方法使转子绕几何中心平稳旋转,能极大地提高转子的旋转精度     

透平机械三转子四支撑轴系不平衡振动特性

针对汽轮机、压缩机等透平机械三转子四支撑轴系经常发生不平衡振动现象,研究轴系中各转子振型不平衡的响应特性。采用有限元法构建三转子四支撑轴系动力学有限元模型,分别在各跨转子上施加一阶、二阶弯曲振型不平衡,分析高低转速下轴系的涡动轨迹,以揭示各转子振型不平衡与轴系振动响应的关联。通过搭建的三转子四支撑轴系转子振动实验台,开展各跨转子不平衡激励下轴系振动响应测试,分析共振点和幅、相频特性,得出结论:这类轴系跨内加重振动响应由轴系模态振型和激励类型共同决定,兼具有转子外伸端振动特性。该结论可为消除这类三转子四支撑轴系不平衡故障提供参考。     

液体动静压球轴承轴心运动轨迹研究

为研究外载荷对轴承转子系统稳定性的影响,以小孔节流的液体动静压球轴承转子系统为研究对象,建立液体动静压球轴承转子系统动力学模型。通过求解轴承润滑数学模型获得非线性油膜力,分析转子所受到的外载荷,采用欧拉算法预测出轴心下一个时刻位移、速度和加速度,并分析转子系统质量、不平衡载荷和阶跃载荷对转子回转精度的影响。结果表明：随着转子系统质量的增加,所需平衡的油膜力增加,轴心振动幅度增加,从而导致转子回转精度降低;相对于不考虑不平衡载荷,考虑不平衡载荷后其振动形态为椭圆且振动幅值增大,减小不平衡值将减小振幅并提高旋转精度;随着阶跃载荷的增加,达到平衡所需的时间也增加。     

全矢动平衡方法平衡精度的动力学研究

首先依据全矢谱理论,介绍了全矢动平衡方法的基本思想;然后从分析单圆盘转子模型的振动入手,得出转子水平和垂直方向不平衡响应与转子系统特征参数之间的关系;接着从不平衡灵敏度的角度,推导出了全矢动平衡方法与传统动平衡方法各自的不平衡灵敏度表达式,因为不平衡灵敏度高的转子平衡精度较高,通过比较全矢动平衡方法与传统单通道动平衡方法各自的不平衡灵敏度,证明了全矢动平衡方法具有较高的平衡精度,最后通过实验验证了文中理论分析的结论。     

不完整球形超导转子静平衡的气浮测量

提出了一种控制转子不平衡量方位的气浮平衡测定方法来提高对空心薄壁不完整球形超导转子平衡量测定的精度.采用在转子内部增加重量的方法来改变转子的不平衡量大小,使得该转子的不平衡量的方位角处于精确测量范围内,当增重量变化时其测量值也会发生相应的变化,通过静不平衡计算的相关公式即可得出其静不平衡量.该方法能够提高这种超导球形转子平衡测定的精度,不破坏转子的加工精度,不影响转子的电磁特性、超导特性等.测量转子偏心距的波动大小在±6 μm之内,偏心距Z轴分量的波动在±8 μm之内,同时可有效提高超导重力计等基于该类型超导转子的仪器的工作性能和测量精度,对于其它无机械支撑轴转子的平衡测定也有一定借鉴意义.测量过程中采用的设备简单,实验周期短,测量结果精度较高.     

裂纹转子不平衡响应的有限元分析

首先由应力强度因子积分得到含裂纹轴段单元体的刚度矩阵，继而建立了含裂纹转子系统的运动微分方程。通过数值计算得到含裂纹转子系统的振动特性随裂纹的开闭、随裂纹的位置及深度间的变化关系。选定对裂纹比较敏感、又能反映结构动力特性的不平衡响应轨道（轴心轨迹）作为诊断裂纹的依据，编制了不平衡响应计算和动力分析程序。仿真试验结果表明，本文的裂纹诊断的有限元分析方法是可行的，具有较高的精度。     

集成GA-PSO方法的转子系统多点不平衡量识别

针对传统转子动平衡方法需多次启车确定平衡配重、平衡效率低、平衡成本高的问题,提出了集成遗传算法(genetic algorithm,简称GA)及粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)的转子多点不平衡量在线识别方法。该方法的核心是将转子不平衡量分解为数目、位置、质量和相位信息,分别获取转子系统理论不平衡响应与实际振动特征,正反问题角度相结合实现转子多点不平衡量的准确识别。首先,采用集成化的GA-PSO优化算法进行不平衡量识别;其次,通过引入正则化思想构造新的目标函数,利用遗传算法获取不平衡数目的稀疏表示,实现不平衡量数目识别;最后,采用粒子群算法进行不平衡量位置、质量和相位识别,通过缩小粒子群算法初值范围,提高不平衡位置、质量和相位识别精度。仿真和转子实验台实验数据的识别结果表明,该方法可以有效对转子不平衡量进行在线预估,并可有效指导现场无试重动平衡,从而降低后续转子系统现场动平衡的成本,提高其平衡效率。     

Effects of unbalance location on dynamic characteristics of high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger with floating ring bearings

For the high-speed gasoline engine turbocharger rotor, due to the heterogeneity of multiple parts material, manufacturing and assembly errors, running wear in impeller and uneven carbon of turbine, the random unbalance usually can be developed which will induce excessive rotor vibration, and even lead to nonlinear vibration accidents. However, the investigation of unbalance location on the nonlinear high-speed turbocharger rotordynamic characteristics is less. In order to discuss the rotor unbalance location effects of turbocharger with nonlinear floating ring bearings(FRBs), the realistic turbocharger of gasoline engine is taken as a research object. The rotordynamic equations of motion under the condition of unbalance are derived by applied unbalance force and nonlinear oil film force of FRBs. The FE model of turbocharger rotor-bearing system is modeled which includes the unbalance excitation and nonlinear FRBs. Under the conditions of four different applied locations of unbalance, the nonlinear transient analyses are performed based on the rotor FEM. The differences of dynamic behavior are obvious to the turbocharger rotor systems for four conditions, and the bifurcation phenomena are different. From the results of waterfall and transient response analysis, the speed for the appearance of fractional frequency is not identical and the amplitude magnitude is different from the different unbalance locations, and the non-synchronous vibration does not occur in the turbocharger and the amplitude is relative stable and minimum under the condition 4. The turbocharger vibration and non-synchronous components could be reduced or suppressed by controlling the applied location of unbalance, which is helpful for the dynamic design, fault diagnosis and vibration control of the high-speed gasoline engine turbochargers.     

ANALYSIS OF METHOD FOR DETERMINING AZIMUTH OF PRINCIPAL AXIS OF INERTIA BASED ON DYNAMIC BALANCE MEASUREMENT

The dynamic balance quality of a rotating object is an important factor to maintain the stability and accuracy for motion. The azimuth of the principal axis of inertia is a major sign of dynamic balance. A usual method is measuring moment of inertia matrix relative to some base coordinates on a rotary inertia machine so as to calculate the azimuth of principal axis of inertia. By using the measured unbalance results on the two trimmed planes on a vertical hard bearing double-plane dynamic balancing machine, the dimension and direction of couple unbalance can be found. An azimuth angle formula for the principal axis of inertia is derived and is solved by using unbalance quantities. The experiments indicate that method based on dynamic balancing measurement is proved rational and effective and has a fine precision.     

Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a vertical rotor-bearing system

Nonlinear dynamic model of a vertical rotor-bearing system is developed based on nonlinear bearing forces. Nonlinear dynamic behaviors are studied comprehensively through numerical analyses, such as bifurcation diagrams, waterfall diagrams, rotor center orbits, Poincare maps, and frequency spectrums. Factors which affect those behaviors, including structural arrangement, rotor mass unbalance, clearance and length of bearing, are investigated as well. Analytical results show that, in vertical arrangement, period doubling bifurcation occurs in advance and the system stability decreases dramatically. When the rotor motion becomes unstable, vertical rotor-bearing system generates sub-synchronous vibrations that are much lower than half-frequency component (0.5x). The stability of vertical rotor-bearing system increases with the increases in rotor mass unbalance and bearing length, but it decreases with the increase in bearing clearance.     

旋转机械不平衡振动自愈调控原理与方法

针对旋转机械不平衡振动故障,搭建基于电磁驱动式自动平衡的不平衡故障模拟试验台,研究电磁驱动式自动平衡装置实现稳定的配重块自锁、配重块驱动原理及设计方法,根据设计条件分析控制极限影响因素,计算自动平衡系统的最大平衡能力、最小平衡能力和平衡精度。依此设计出一套可稳定工作的电磁驱动式自动平衡装置。通过建立不平衡振动故障转子诊断模型,从理论上分析不平衡振动产生机理,提出用轴心轨迹重构法进行不平衡振动辨识,分别采用水平方向、垂直方向和椭圆长轴方向振动矢量作为自动平衡控制输入信号,并在模拟试验台上进行试验验证。结果表明在相同条件下,三种信号输入方式均能实现降振,重构法提出的椭圆长轴矢量的控制相比较传统的单通道水平方向或者垂直方向控制输入,可以使自动平衡后的控制效果更好,降幅为74.84%,同比其他两种方式多下降约5%。     

多级深海输送电泵叶轮径向不平衡力研究

针对我国自主研发的深海输送电泵运行在非设计工况下这一客观情况,其内部的非定常流体径向力可能会导致泵的振动甚至给整个采矿系统带来危害,目前还无法直接通过理论公式准确计算该径向力,故采用数值模拟的方法研究径向力的产生机理及作用规律。通过输送电泵的水力性能试验验证了数值模拟方法的准确性,研究六级深海输送电泵内的压力分布云图以及各级泵内的流体径向力分布情况和产生机理。对比分析不同流量下两级深海输送电泵的径向力分布规律。结果表明,各级叶轮内的流体径向力均呈周期性规律变化,且越到末级规律性越强;各级叶轮内的流体径向力的变化周期均与叶轮的叶片数相关;在其他参数不变的情况下,流量越小,径向力越大,径向力的不平衡特征越严重。