双壁路堑硐室松动爆破参数设计及效果分析

通过合理选择高边坡条件下松动爆破参数 ,有效地控制了硐室松动爆破的破坏范围 ,达到了保护性爆破松动的目的。通过爆破效果分析 ,提出了硐室松动爆破在今后保护性硐室爆破设计中应注意的问题。     

硐室爆破技术处理地下矿山采空区的实践

为解决东升庙铅锌多金属矿长期空场法采矿后出现的空区灾害隐患严重等技术难题,结合现场实际,提出了包括采用硐室爆破崩落上盘围岩形成缓冲垫层处理采空区在内的系列技术方案。随着地下硐室爆破处理采空区实践的进行,不断提出改进方案,主要表现在将前期的硐室爆破改进为双层双排的硐室群爆破,并拓展采用了纵向立体错位、同向诱导崩塌的硐室群爆破技术,同时改进硐室工程布置和填塞形式,形成条形药包准空腔装药结构。通过爆破实践和爆破效果分析证明,这些技术改进不但改善了爆破效果,增加了围岩的崩落量,提高了缓冲垫层形成的质量,也丰富了硐室爆破技术体系,为消除空区灾害隐患,营造矿山下部开采安全环境奠定了良好的基础,具有一定的推广价值。     

邻近建筑物的反坡峒室爆破参数选择

根据邻近建筑物的反坡峒室爆破实践经验和爆破漏斗理论,提出了在保证爆破安全和爆破效果前提下的爆破参数的选择,指出了城市改扩建工程中爆破技术发展趋势。     

510t级硐室大爆破

介绍堆石坝主料场510t级控制硐室大爆破中,为满足石方级配符合水工设计要求和减小爆破震动,选择的爆破方案和爆破参数以及爆破效果.     

采石场条形药包硐室爆破

在复杂地质、地形及周围环境条件下,采用分段间隔堵塞、同药巷内分段毫秒延时爆破的条形药包硐室爆破技术,针对不同地形的条件和不同的爆堆堆积范围,采用不同的W值等爆破参数,完成采石场硐室爆破工程。爆破效果较好,达到了工程要求。     

采石场条形药包硐室爆破

在复杂地质、地形及周围环境条件下,采用分段间隔堵塞、同药巷内分段毫秒延时爆破的条形药包硐室爆破技术,针对不同地形的条件和不同的爆堆堆积范围,采用不同的W值等爆破参数,完成采石场硐室爆破工程。爆破效果较好,达到了工程要求。     

无堵塞露天药室松动爆破在我矿的应用

露天药室爆破的堵塞工作,一般用人工完成,其体力劳动强度很大,也不利于爆破线路的复查,而对于同一主峒中多药室的爆破,这些缺点则更加明显。为了解决堵塞问题,我矿自1982年以来,在药室松动爆破中,采用无堵塞法取得了成功。几年来我们共设计药室256个,爆破17次,总爆破药量352吨,效果都很好。实践表明,无堵塞爆破在技术上是可行的。下图是无堵塞药室松动爆破的典型形式:     

硐室爆破技术在开采砼面板堆石坝填筑料的应用

井冈山水电站砼面板堆石坝,筑坝级配石料开采选用硐室爆破,取得成功。以一次性爆破开采面板堆石坝填筑石料为例,介绍了硐室爆破的爆破参数、起爆网路的设计,爆破的效果及需要改进的相关爆破参数。为类似工程的爆破设计提供了可借鉴的经验。     

硐室加预裂一次爆破成型综合爆破技术

在石方路堑施工中 ,采用硐室加预裂一次爆破成型综合爆破技术 ,能有效地改善主体石方爆破效果 ,降低工程成本 ,解决以往硐室爆破难以解决的边坡稳定和边坡质量问题 ,同时达到不清底不刷边坡一次成型目的 ,本文对一次成型综合爆破技术机理进行了有益的研究和探讨 ,具有指导实践和推广应用价值。     

硐室加深孔预裂爆破振动测试分析

硐室加深孔预裂爆破能够显著地降低硐室爆破所带来的地震效应，有效地解决爆破振动所造成的边坡稳定性、边坡质量和爆区附近建（构）筑物的安全问题，适用范围比较大。太原—长治高速公路硐室加深孔预裂爆破的振动测试获得明显的降震效果，对同类工程具有参考价值。     

Dust explosions-cases, causes, consequences, and control

Dust explosions pose the most serious and widespread of explosion hazards in the process industry alongside vapour cloud explosions (VCE) and boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVE). Dust explosions almost always lead to serious financial losses in terms of damage to facilities and down time. They also often cause serious injuries to personnel, and fatalities. We present the gist of the dust explosion state-of-the-art. Illustrative case studies and past accident analyses reflect the high frequency, geographic spread, and damage potential of dust explosions across the world. The sources and triggers of dust explosions, and the measures with which different factors associated with dust explosions can be quantified are reviewed alongside dust explosion mechanism. The rest of the review is focused on the ways available to prevent dust explosion, and on cushioning the impact of a dust explosion by venting when the accident does take place.     

The changing nature of acute chemical hazards: A historical perspective

Emergency situations may develop from a variety of circumstances when chemicals or chemically-related substances or materials are improperly used or inadequately controlled. The various processes or circumstances, which may result in an emergency endangering significant numbers of people and requiring response by emergency control personnel or systems, are placed in a historical perspective. Acute chemical emergencies may and do occur in several modes: fire, explosions, uncontrolled release of materials, uncontrolled reactions, and time-bombs of toxic or explosive materials from improper disposal. These modes are used to illustrate the difficulty of generalizing about the control of chemicals and to encourage wider appreciation of the changing nature of chemical emergencies. In all cases, it is the lack of adequate control which precipitated a crisis, not the chemical itself.     

Case analysis of catastrophic underground pipeline gas explosion in Taiwan

This study is related to underground pipeline gas explosions that occurred in the southern region of Taiwan in July 2014. This disaster, which resulted in substantial numbers of fatalities and injuries in addition to about 6 km of damaged roads, was the largest petroleum catastrophe in Taiwan's history.Because pipeline gas explosions of such a large extent are rare, the Kaohsiung District Prosecutors Office and Kaohsiung Fire Department launched an investigation in which an author of this paper participated. The aim of this paper is to explore the causes of the explosions, thereby contributing to the prevention of similar cases in the future.First, the causes of the large explosions are thoroughly investigated. Second, metallographic studies are conducted on the ruptured pipelines. Finally, the results are summarized, and conclusions are drawn.     

Astrophysical explosions: from solar flares to cosmic gamma-ray bursts

Astrophysical explosions result from the release of magnetic, gravitational or thermonuclear energy on dynamical time scales, typically the sound-crossing time for the system. These explosions include solar and stellar flares, eruptive phenomena in accretion discs, thermonuclear combustion on the surfaces of white dwarfs and neutron stars, violent magnetic reconnection in neutron stars, thermonuclear and gravitational collapse supernovae and cosmic gamma-ray bursts, each representing a different type and amount of energy release. This paper summarizes the properties of these explosions and describes new research on thermonuclear explosions and explosions in extended circumstellar media. Parallels are drawn between studies of terrestrial and astrophysical explosions, especially the physics of the transition from deflagration-to-detonation.     

THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF DUST EXPLOSIONS

A constitutive model to predict the frequency of occurrence of a dust explosion in a specified system is presented. This model has been adopted to examine the effect of dust concentration on the frequency of occurrence of dust explosions. The model incorporates one fitting constant as well as the activation energy of the dust used.

Explosion experiments were carried out to establish the effect of dust concentration on the frequency of occurrence of explosions. One hundred explosion tests were carried out for each concentration, under the same set of conditions.

The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated in view of the experimental data.     

三峡工程永久船闸立墙深槽开挖综合爆破技术

三峡永久船闸立墙深槽长 162 1m、宽 3 7m、开挖深度 45～ 67 8m ,两槽之间的中隔墩宽 5 7m。由于结构特殊、地质条件复杂 ,不稳定岩体多、环境制约因素多 ,需采用综合爆破技术进行开挖 ,严格控制超挖和爆破震动。在现场爆破试验研究和施工过程中不断总结经验的基础上 ,通过调整施工程序和施工方法 ,采取行之有效的综合爆破技术 ,将具有先进设计理念的、结构复杂的高陡边坡开挖成型 ,实施锚固后 ,深槽立墙和高边坡岩体的稳定得到有效控制。施工实践证明 ,包括深孔爆破、浅孔爆破、预裂爆破、光面爆破、缓冲爆破在内的各种爆破方法的综合运用 ,是确保深槽立墙和高边坡岩体稳定的关键     

曲壁结构填砂爆破中群药包药量计算探讨

根据砂土中爆炸在自由场产生的冲击波冲量对曲壁壁体的作用,并应用使结构破坏的能量准则,基于单个集中药包的药量公式,导出了利用填砂爆破解体曲壁结构时群药包的计算方法,可以作为曲壁结构填砂爆破实践群药包药量计算的重要参考依据。     

The rate of pressure rise of gaseous propylene-air explosions in spherical and cylindrical enclosures

The maximum rates of pressure rise of propylene-air explosions at various initial pressures and various fuel/oxygen ratios in three closed vessels (a spherical vessel with central ignition and two cylindrical vessels with central or with top ignition) are reported. It was found that in explosions of quiescent mixtures the maximum rates of pressure rise are linear functions on total initial pressure, at constant initial temperature and fuel/oxygen ratio. The slope and intercept of found correlations are greatly influenced by vessel's volume and shape and by the position of the ignition source--factors which determine the amount of heat losses from the burned gas in a closed vessel explosion. Similar data on propylene-air inert mixtures are discussed in comparison with those referring to propylene-air, revealing the influence of nature and amount of inert additive. The deflagration index KG of centrally ignited explosions was also calculated from maximum rates of pressure rise.     

舰船舷侧防护结构在水下接触爆炸荷载下的破坏分析

爆炸荷载作用下板架结构的破坏变形是非常复杂的非线性动态响应过程.采用能量原理,对4层板架结构在接触爆炸荷载作用下的破坏进行了理论分析,推导得出了舷侧防护结构各层板的破口半径及内层板挠度的计算方法.通过算例与实验进行比较,可知理论计算与实验结果吻合较好,表明该方法可用于板架结构在接触爆炸荷载作用下的毁伤分析,对舰船防护结构的设计具有指导作用.     

爆炸冲击作用下连续梁桥动力响应和影响因素研究

运用数值模拟的方法建立爆炸冲击作用下的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥模型,通过改变爆炸作用点位置、爆炸作用比例距离等因素,研究连续梁桥在爆炸冲击荷载作用下的动力响应和敏感性影响因素。结果表明:连续梁桥中跨跨中是其桥面抗爆性能最为薄弱的位置,在抗爆设防中应着重考虑;当装药量相同时,桥梁的破坏程度与比例距离成反比关系;连续箱型桥梁内部爆炸时,对桥梁造成的破坏最为严重,同等条件下下方爆炸时,桥梁破坏程度最小。本研究为桥梁抗爆设计及损伤评估提供理论依据。