汽车ECU诊断自动化测试系统

汽车电子电器复杂度的提高使得汽车诊断功能的开发和测试愈加重要。本文介绍了一种汽车ECU（Electronic Control Unit）诊断自动化测试系统,可以实现ECU诊断协议及诊断功能的自动化测试,大幅提高诊断测试效率和精度,增加诊断测试的覆盖度和可重复性。     

基于CANoe的UDS诊断网络层测试方法

在UDS诊断协议栈设计过程中,网络层设计是否满足要求,影响数据传输的实时性,对诊断测试结果有很大影响.为了验证网络层数据传输实时性是否满足要求,在CANoe软件的基础上设计了UDS诊断网络层自动化测试平台.经整车厂实际项目验证,设计的网络层自动化测试平台满足测试要求,通过了测试认证,得到了整车厂的认可.     

行业视点

正新品推荐泛华恒兴推出eCAR汽车电控单元通用测试平台北京泛华恒兴科技有限公司(简称:泛华恒兴)近日正式推出了eCAR汽车电控单元通用测试平台。该平台可用于BCM/DCM/TCU/ECM等不同种类电控单元的功能测试、耐久测试和HIL测试。eCAR汽车电控单元通用测试平台适用于汽车上各类ECU的性能与耐久测试,不仅可完成对ECU模拟过压、欠压和正常电压供电,ECU外部传感器信号仿真测试,采集ECU输出的信号并可手动监测任意通道的信号,进行模拟负载或真实负载测试,并提供灵活的负载控制模块,可对ECU进行     

PXI平台将向五大方向演进

经过十余年的发展,基于PC技术的高吞吐量、高实时同步和高可靠性的自动化测试平台PXI正在越来越多的领域发挥作用,从汽车ECU标定与测量、模拟视频和3D数字视频测试、电子制造生产线测试、电动汽车的电池管理系统测试、实时测试与硬件在环仿真应用等.     

泛华多款解决方案亮相2011上海汽车测试展

近日,北京泛华恒兴科技有限公司携多款优秀解决方案参加了2011上海汽车测试展,这也是中国唯一的汽车测试、评估及质量监控博览会。会上,泛华不仅展出了汽车轮速、位置传感器测试系统、汽车摇窗机ECU测试系统等经典解决方案,还带去了最新设计开发的ecar汽车电子功能测试平台,并为现场观众进行了软件演示。     

日益复杂的现代汽车电子测试

现代汽车正变得日益复杂，从电子的角度来看尤其如此。据汽车工程师协会(SAE，http：／／www．sae．org/）预测，到2010年每台汽车的价格中有40％属于电子部分。测试工程师们将如何满足下一代汽车电子控制系统(ECU)测试复杂性的需要?什么样的测试系统才是合适的?本文将尝试回答这样一些问题，     

NI为汽车电子测试提供解决方案

随着汽车电子的迅速普及,半导体技术将为汽车提供越来越多的功能。电子化、智能化、信息化、集成模块化,将是汽车电子未来发展的方向。伴随这一趋势,车身各电子器件、电路的独立测试以及综合测试变得越来越重要。NI通过将计算机的测量设备(如PXI)与虚拟仪器相结合,为汽车领域提供了一个统一的测试平台,该平台基于NI的LabVIEW和PXI,并包含来自NI的数据采集、信号调理、运动和视觉、CAN,以及DIAdem分析和报告生成软件等标准技术。可开发车载通信系统、同步CAN和数据采集测量、发动机扭矩控制、测试数据管理、ECU、ABS,和测试报告…     

NI软硬件平台在汽车ECU开发和测试中的应用

引言 当今汽车行业，法规对安全性、动力性、舒适性、排放等提出了日益严格的要求，而这些性能又很大程度受ECU性能和质量的影响。因此在汽车中，ECU不仅数量持续上升，其功能也不断增强。在汽车中，分为单个ECU系统和多个ECU互联系统，前者如安全气囊ECU，后者如发动机管理系统（EMS）ECU。EMS涉及数千个参数和多个电子设备，而且这些参数之间存在数据共享和传递，需要通过不同的汽车总线将各个电子设备互联，以形成车载网络，并完成复杂的智能控制和故障诊断。由于ECU复杂性和功能性的不断增加，为确保最终产品质量，需要通过自动化测试手段来减少从定义、分析、设计到实现不同产品周期环节的人为失误。此外，还面临着如何在最短的开发周期内以最经济的成本将产品推向市场的挑战。     

SCPI与数据库结合在ECU自动测试系统中的应用

在汽车行业蓬勃发展的今天,ECU的功能开发已经成为汽车厂商的核心竞争力。因此ECU的功能检测在ECU的研发中就起着至关重要的作用。ECU自动测试系统是在以Agilent设备为硬件的基础上,将SCPI指令与数据库相结合,在VC＋＋环境下设计的一套全自动ECU测试系统,为ECU的性能评测提供了可靠的依据,极大地提高了对汽车ECU的检测效率。     

基于PXI的汽车电子ECU功能测试系统

由于传统功能测试系统对汽车电子ECU进行测试时存在偏差高和稳定性差的缺陷。因此,提出基于PXI的汽车电子ECU功能测试系统,该系统由PXI总线、电子监控测试模块、万用表和计算机组成。PXI总线对汽车电子ECU进行数据的采集与初始化测试,并将数据传输给电子监控测试模块。电子监控测试模块由控制器、供电模块、检测模块、信号收发器和开关控制器组成。供电模块为电子监控模块供电,检测模块将检测出的故障数据传递给信号收发器进行信号转变。开关控制器通过分析故障信号进行电路的转换或切断操作。控制器管控着整个电子监控测试模块的运行流程,并将筛选后的数据传输给万用表。万用表对接收到的数据信号电压进行放大并传递至计算机。软件设计部分,给出PXI汽车电子ECU功能测试系统的测试流程及其故障的排除算法。实验结果表明所设计系统拥有较高的准确性和稳定性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.