增韧剂对环氧树脂性能的影响

研究了液体聚硫橡胶、液体丁腈橡胶(包括端羧基和端羟基丁腈橡胶)、聚醚和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯预聚体等对环氧树脂的增韧改性,结果显示增韧后的环氧树脂的粘接强度和抗冲击强度显著增加。     

氰酸酯树脂增韧改性研究

综述了采用热固性树脂(环氧树脂,双马来酰亚胺)、热塑性树脂(聚醚砜,聚苯醚)、橡胶弹性体(端羧基丁腈橡胶,端环氧基丁腈橡胶)、无机纳米粒子(SiO2,SiC)增韧改性氰酸酯树脂的机理及研究进展,并指出了今后氰酸酯树脂改性研究的发展方向。     

端活性聚氧化丙烯醚改性环氧树脂的研究

本文系统地研究了端羧基聚氧化丙烯醚、端异氰酸酯基聚氧化丙烯醚增韧环氧树脂的规律。分子量适宜的端活性聚氧化丙烯醚同端羧基液体丁腈橡胶一样,能增韧环氧树脂。聚醚改性环氧体系具有两相结构,断裂韧性提高近十倍,机械、电性能变化较小。由于聚醚价格要比端羧基液体丁腈橡胶便宜得多,这一体系有很大的实用价值。     

聚硫醚改性环氧树脂室温固化耐高温结构胶粘剂

目前室温固化耐高温环氧树脂结构胶粘剂主要采用液体端羧基丁腈橡胶增韧环氧树脂为主体,以改性液体端胺基丁腈橡胶或聚醚胺为韧性固化剂,其最高使用温度仅120℃。聚硫橡胶作为环氧树脂增韧剂和固化剂则由于耐热性能和增韧效果差,很少用于室温固化耐热环氧树脂结构胶粘剂。通过改进聚硫橡胶的内聚强度和耐热性能,作为增韧剂,克服了聚硫橡胶耐热性能和增韧效果差的缺点,大大地提高了室温固化环氧树脂结构胶粘剂的剥离强度,通过BMI与脂肪胺加成反应,并加入叔胺固化剂,合成具有BMI结构和叔胺的固化剂,以及加入有机硅改性石棉,使室温固化环氧树脂结构胶粘剂的耐热性能达到177℃,瞬间使用温度达300℃,达到室温固化高温使用的目的。     

氰酸酯树脂及其胶粘剂（续）

５　改性氰酸酯树脂氰酸酯树脂与其他热固性树脂相比虽然具有较好的韧性,但如作为结构用复合材料和胶粘剂的基体,仍然较脆。与其他热固性树脂的增韧相似,它可采用热塑性塑料（ＴＰ）和橡胶增韧。这类增韧改性氰酸酯树脂许多已商品化。另一类是氰酸酯分别与环氧、ＢＭＩ共混改性,以达到取长补短的目的。这２种共混树脂也已商品化。５．１　ＴＰ增韧氰酸酯氰酸酯树脂可与许多无定形的ＴＰ共混。固化后形成半互穿网络（Ｓｅｍｉ－ＩＰＮ）［１５,１６］。所用ＴＰ主要有：聚砜（ＰＳＵ）、聚醚砜（ＰＥＳ）、聚醚砜亚胺（ＰＥＩ）和聚碳酸…     

CTBN改性氰酸酯在高温发泡胶中的应用研究

以端羧基液体丁腈橡胶（CTBN）对双酚A型氰酸酯（BCE）增韧改性,制备了一种性能优异、贮存期长的预聚体,用此预聚体制备发泡胶膜,得到了综合性能优良的耐高温发泡胶。     

实用的环氧树脂增韧技术

对比了端羧基聚醚(CTPE)、端羧基聚四氢呋喃(CTPF)、端羧基液体丁腈橡胶(CTBN)和含聚丁二烯的核壳聚合物(CSP)等几种增韧剂对环氧树脂的增韧效果。在用量相同的情况下,几种增韧剂对环氧树脂都有明显增韧效果,抗冲击性能显著提高,其中CTPF、CTBN对冲击性能提升显著,CTPF改性树脂的冲击强度提高257%;对耐热性影响表现各异,其中CTBN、CSP对耐热性几乎没有影响。     

端羧基超支化聚酯改性环氧树脂固化体系研究

利用丁二酸酐对端羟基超支化聚酯(AHBP)的端基进行改性,得到新的端羧基超支化聚酯(CHBP),并将其用于环氧树脂体系的增韧。研究了CHBP用量、羧基含量对环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐(EP/MeTHPA)固化体系的力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,改性后分子末端全部带羧基的CHBP的增韧作用最好,冲击强度可达18.5kJ/m2。CHBP质量分数为15%时,固化物的冲击强度可达18.2 kJ/m2,拉伸强度64.86 MPa,玻璃化温度(Tg)从100℃提高到106℃左右,可满足增韧环氧树脂的同时不降低其耐热性的要求。     

超支化聚合物增韧改性环氧树脂的研究

通过有核一步法,合成了端羧基超支化聚酯(CHP),然后与环氧氯丙烷经环氧化反应制备了端环氧基超支化聚酯(EHP),并制备了EHP改性环氧树脂(EP)体系。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法、核磁共振氢谱法、凝胶渗透色谱法、差示扫描量热法、热变形温度分析、热失重分析、扫描电子显微镜等对EHP结构、改性EP体系固化工艺、力学性能、热性能等进行了研究。结果表明,合成了预期结构的EHP,数均分子量为1 908 g/mol,黏度为1 522.5 m Pa·s;当EHP含量为15 g时,改性EP体系的性能最佳,其冲击强度和弯曲强度分别为50.4 k J/m2,201.0 MPa,较改性前分别提高了213%,37%;热变形温度为147.5℃,热失重10%时的温度为360℃,较改性前分别下降了9%,7.7%。     

环氧树脂增韧技术的发展

介绍近年来环氧树脂增韧技术的进展,用液体端羧基丁腈橡胶、硅橡胶、聚丁二烯橡胶及端羧基丙二醇聚醚等增韧环氧树脂的配方、制备工艺和性能,及影响增韧效果的诸因素并介绍了以环氧树脂为主体的互贯网络聚合物。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.