杂质吸收对1维光子晶体孪生缺陷模的影响

为了研究在1维光子晶体中掺杂具有吸收的零平均折射率材料而产生的孪生缺陷模特性,采用特征矩阵的方法进行了理论分析。结果表明,随着消光系数的变大,会使孪生缺陷模透射率先变大后变小,当其取某一特定值时,高低频缺陷模会出现最大值,但不能同时出现;具有吸收特性的介质在缺陷层中的位置不同,会改变孪生缺陷模透射率的响应曲线。这一结果对开发光子晶体新的应用有重要意义。     

Angular tuning of defect modes spectra for one dimensional photonic crystal filters with a liquid crystal layer

A tunable photonic crystal filter with a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer is proposed. The defect modes spectra with varying incident angles are discussed in detail by 4×4 matrix method. The results show that the defect modes are mainly decided by the applied voltage when the incident angle is smaller than 8°. As the incident angle further increases, the band gap and the defect modes shift toward the shorter wavelength side, and the changes of the two modes are different. In the lower voltage range, the defect modes can be tuned not only by the applied voltage but also by the incident angle. In the higher voltage range, the defect modes can be further tuned by varying incident angle and the different modes can be separated from each other by a big incident angle.     

材料色散对1维光子晶体缺陷模影响的研究

为了分析材料色散对缺陷模的影响,对色散材料采用洛伦兹振子模型,利用传输矩阵法计算了含缺陷1维光子晶体的透射谱,分析了各层的色散对该结构1维光子晶体缺陷模的影响。结果表明,无论是高、低折射率介质还是缺陷层的色散都可以引起缺陷模的频移或分裂;缺陷模的频移方向与考虑色散后光学厚度的变化有关,如果光学厚度增大,则发生红移,反之则发生蓝移;低折射率介质的色散使缺陷模频移的效果最显著。这一结果对光子晶体的设计和研究有一定的参考价值。     

Intrinsic Surface and Bulk Defect Modes in Quasi-Periodic Photonic Crystals

By analyzing resonances in the local density of states (LDOS) for a fivefold 2-D quasi-periodic photonic crystal (QPC), we reveal the presence of a well-defined number of defect modes in the spectral region of a low LDOS, which are intrinsic to this class of photonic structures. We may distinguish between surface modes, depending on the truncation of the finite-sized structure, and bulk modes. All defects can be traced to a configuration of closely spaced cylinders. Due to mutual coupling, their collective eigenresonance is strongly shifted into the spectral region of a low LDOS, and they appear as defect modes, which are comparable to acceptor modes in periodic photonic crystals. Control over the geometrical parameters of such resonators allows for a simple adjustment of the defect mode frequencies in QPCs.     

Design of tunable terahertz photonic crystal narrow-band filters

The coupling between the line defect and point defect in a two-dimensional photonic crystal is studied by using plane wave expansion method and finite difference time domain method. Based on the analysis, we propose a novel tunable terahertz narrow-band filter. Simulation results on the defect modes and output spectra show that the photonic crystal that consists of two line defects and one point defect can act as a tunable filter with narrow bandwidth of 0.02 THz under the control of an external electric field.     

AlGaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystal slab with defectwaveguides for planar lightwave circuit applications

An AlGaAs-based near-infrared 2-D photonic crystal (PC) with an air-bridge structure featuring defect waveguides has been developed. For the sample without defect waveguides, measurements of the optical transmission characteristics in the wavelength range from 850 nm to 1100 nm showed a deep attenuation due to a bandgap with 30-35 dB attenuation and transmittance of nearly 100% for the guided modes. Optical propagation properties of defect waveguides were obtained by two methods: measurements of transmission spectra and plan-view observations of the optical beam trace along the waveguide with an infrared-vidicon camera. 3-D finite-difference time-domain simulations for the band structure and transmission spectra in the air-bridge slab with and without defect waveguides have revealed the appearance of four defect propagation modes specific to the defect waveguide, between two slab modes for the defect-free photonic crystal slab. These defect modes were experimentally identified in the measured transmission spectra     

多掺杂一维各向异性光子晶体的缺陷特性

为了研究多掺杂一维各向异性光子晶体的光学特性,采用传输矩阵法计算了光波通过多掺杂一维各向异性光子晶体的透射率。经数值模拟得到:光通过该结构光子晶体后,TE波和TM波的透射谱中随掺杂层个数的变化出现了单、双及多缺陷模,禁带中缺陷模的个数随掺杂层数的增大而增多,缺陷模的位置随掺杂层光学厚度的变化向短波方向移动,TE波和TM波的缺陷模能完全分开,透射谱的这一特点为设计制作单、双通道滤波器提供了理论依据。     

含有多缺陷的光子晶体中的局域缺陷模

采用紧束缚法,研究含有缺陷的光子晶体中的缺陷模,导出了缺陷模频率方程。作为特例,采用转移矩阵法,数值计算了含有三个缺陷的一维光子晶体的透射谱和与光子带隙中缺陷模频率对应的光场强度分布,讨论了缺陷间的相互作用对缺陷模的影响。结果表明:当光通过含有多个半波缺陷的光子晶体时,在透射谱的禁带中出现缺陷模,缺陷模的数目与半波缺陷数目相同,而缺陷模频率的间隔随着半波缺陷间隔层数的增加而减小,最后形成一个缺陷模通带;与缺陷模频率对应的光场分布为局域状态,并发现局域光场峰值出现在缺陷邻近层。     

传输矩阵法分析一维光子晶体传输特性及其应用

利用传输矩阵法,设计了一维光子晶体滤波器,主要分析了缺陷层为F,结构为A(BA)~NF(AB)~MA的一维光子晶体的透过率的两个因素:A与B的厚度比和中间缺陷层.对A与B的厚度比和中间缺陷层对透射率的影响进行了计算机仿真研究,给出了一维光子晶体滤波器的设计方法.利用一维光子晶体中TM模与TE模的本征方程,针对光通信中常用的波长做了光子晶体全反射镜的设计和优化,并将一维光子晶体器件应用在卡塞格伦光学天线系统中,设计制作出一套空间光通信系统.     

准周期结构一维光子晶体的缺陷模研究

利用传输矩阵方法,研究了光波在包含掺杂缺陷和替代缺陷的厚度渐变准周期结构一维光子晶体中的传播规律.研究结果表明,类似于传统的周期结构一维光子晶体,在准周期结构光子晶体引入缺陷,光子晶体禁带中也产生了缺陷模,并且两种缺陷所引起的缺陷模的性质基本一致;缺陷模的出现使带隙有了一定程度的加宽,而缺陷模的位置和强度与缺陷层所处的位置和缺陷层的光学厚度有关;随着缺陷层光学厚度的增大,缺陷模向长波方向移动.     

含负折射率材料的1维光子晶体掺杂缺陷模研究

为了研究含有负折射率材料的光子晶体掺杂缺陷模的光学传输特性,利用传输矩阵理论进行数值分析。采用插入和替代两种方式对排列整齐的光子晶体进行掺杂,产生了缺陷模式。结果表明,引入正折射率缺陷只能在布喇格带隙中产生缺陷模,引入负折射缺陷能够同时在全方位光子带隙和布喇格带隙中产生缺陷模。同时研究了掺杂方式、入射方向、缺陷厚度、缺陷位置、缺陷类型对缺陷模式的影响,并对含有两层缺陷的光子晶体进行研究,得到两缺陷层的距离与带隙产生的关系,即距离越近越容易产生缺陷模式,且缺陷模的深度越深。这对于制造新型的全方位滤波器是有指导作用的。     

正负折射率含缺陷1维光子晶体多通道滤波器

为了分析结构参量对正负折射率材料1维光子晶体缺陷模的影响,利用传输矩阵法计算了基于正负折射率材料含正折射率缺陷1维光子晶体B（AB）m（ACB）n（AB）mB的透射谱,分析了各参量对该结构1维光子晶体缺陷模的影响,并用波动理论定性分析了多通道滤波器形成的原因。结果表明,在各介质层的光学厚度绝对值都为0/4的情况下,每个禁带中都有n个超窄的透射峰,相邻两个透射峰间距比相同结构下正折射率情况的宽;当n=1时,随着C层介质光学厚度以0/4的k倍增加,透射谱中同一禁带内出现了k条透射峰;当n2时,透射谱中同一禁带内出现了nk条透射峰。该研究结果对可调多通道滤波器的设计和研究有一定的参考价值。     

Analysis of tunable photonic crystal devices comprising liquid crystal materials as defects

The tuning properties of two-dimensional dielectric and metallic photonic crystals, which contain nematic liquid crystal materials as defect elements or layers, are thoroughly analyzed using appropriate formulations of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Our methodology correctly incorporates the anisotropy introduced by the liquid crystal materials together with the dispersive properties of the metallic elements; it is used for calculating both the dispersion diagrams of the defect-free photonic crystal as well as the device response in the presence of the defect elements. Numerical simulations reveal that defect states originating from the liquid crystal impurities can be effectively tuned by the application of a local static electric field. Indeed, tuning ranges up to almost 100 nm can be achieved requiring operating voltages lower than 4 V. It is also concluded that the placement of a defect mode relative to the bandgap edges greatly influences both its linewidth as well as its tuning range.     

一维缺陷光子晶体多个禁带中的窄带缺陷模

用特征矩阵法研究了一维缺陷光子晶体的透射谱。结果发现:在一维缺陷光子晶体的透射谱中的多个禁带内都有窄带缺陷模,窄带缺陷模的波长越大,其宽度越大;当入射角增大后,波长越长的窄带缺陷模的强度变化越小,位置向短波方向移动越多,且S偏振光与P偏振光的窄带缺陷模的分离越大;增大一维缺陷光子晶体中周期性介质的厚度,窄带缺陷模的波长和移动的范围都增大。本研究对一维缺陷光子晶体的窄带缺陷模的选择使用具有重要意义。     

一维液晶缺陷光子晶体温度传感器的研究

将向列相液晶作为缺陷层引入一维光子晶体中,利用液晶折射率对温度变化敏感特性,设计了一维液晶缺陷光子晶体温度传感器。用传输矩阵法研究了传感器的温度特性,并用Matlab编程进行了模拟计算。结果表明,当温度升高时,液晶排列沿平行介质表面的传感器,缺陷峰波长向长波长方向漂移,缺陷模透射峰的宽度减小;而液晶排列沿介质表面法向的传感器,缺陷峰波长则向短波长方向漂移,缺陷模透射峰的宽度增大;传感器的温度灵敏度大于普通材料缺陷的光子晶体,与液晶材料和温度有关,温度接近液晶相变点而增大迅速;传感器缺陷峰波长的漂移与温度成非线性关系。设计了温度传感器探头结构和实验测量系统,测量结果与理论计算值符合。     

实现多种通道滤波功能的一维光子晶体缺陷模

利用传输矩阵法研究一维光子晶体B(AB)m(ACB)n(AB)mB的缺陷模,结果发现:随n的增加,B(AB)8(ACB)n(AB)8B的透射谱出现与n值对应的共振缺陷模,具有超窄带多通道滤波的特性;当n=1,随着C层介质光学厚度奇数倍增加,透射谱中出现奇数条共振缺陷模,具有超窄带奇数通道滤波特性;当n=1,随着C层介质光学厚度偶数倍增加,透射谱中出现两条共振缺陷模,具有超窄带双通道滤波特性。当n=1,缺陷模频率处局域电场强度随m的增加而增强,而随C层光学厚度奇数倍增加,缺陷模频率处局域电场强度不变,但局域范围扩大。这些光学传输特性,为研究、设计新型光学器件提供指导。     

峰值折射率对正弦型函数光子晶体缺陷模的影响

为了分析峰值折射率对1维正弦型函数光子晶体缺陷模的影响,首先对折射率按正弦规律变化的介质进行离散化,然后应用传输矩阵法计算了1维光子晶体(AB)mC(BA)m的透射谱,分析了各介质层的折射率峰值对该结构1维正弦型函数光子晶体缺陷模的影响。结果表明,随着峰值折射率的增大,缺陷模红移,且频率越高缺陷模红移现象越明显;低折射率介质的峰值折射率对缺陷模频移的影响比较显著。这一结果对光子晶体的设计有一定的参考价值。     

缺陷奇偶性对光子晶体光传输特性的影响

采用传输矩阵法理论,研究缺陷参数奇偶性对含缺陷光子晶体（AB）m （ACx B）n （AB）m光传输特性的影响,研究结果表明：缺陷数目 n 的奇偶性仅影响缺陷模（透射峰）数目的奇偶性,即缺陷模数目的奇偶性与 n 对应;随着缺陷周期数 x 奇数倍增大,透射谱中的缺陷模向禁带中心靠拢,但缺陷模数目不变且等间距排列,随着 x 偶数倍增大,禁带两侧的两组缺陷模向禁带中心靠拢,且各组缺陷模数目与缺陷周期数 x 相关;缺陷光学厚度 DC 奇偶性对光子晶体透射谱的影响也很明显,随着 DC 增大且 DC ＜DA 时,分布在禁带右侧的缺陷模数目增加且向低频方向移动,随着 DC 增大且 DC ＞DA 时,分布于禁带左侧的缺陷模数目则减少但亦向低频方向移动。缺陷参数奇偶性对光子晶体透射谱的影响规律,为光子晶体设计可调性多通道光学滤波器件、光开关等提供理论借鉴,并为光子晶体的理论研究提供参考。     

基于铁电液晶电控双折射的调谐滤波器的研究

将铁电液晶作为缺陷层引入一维光子晶体中,基于液晶的电控双折射,形成快速窄带调谐滤波器.用传输矩阵法研究了铁电液晶缺陷光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性,计算了电场对滤波器透射峰的位置、强度、个数和带宽的影响,结果表明该滤波器呈现良好的滤波功能.     

2-D Terahertz Metallic Photonic Crystals in Parallel-Plate Waveguides

2-D metallic photonic crystals without defects, with point defects, and with a Fabry-Perot (F-P) defect are characterized by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The metal parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) with single TEM-mode propagation is used as a tool to simulate 2-D photonic crystals in free space. The 2-D metallic photonic-crystal structures were fabricated by coating Au on an SU-8 polymer cylinder array. Wide terahertz bandgaps were observed in the photonic crystals within the PPWG. The experimental measurements have excellent agreement to 2-D photonic-crystal theory without defects. Defect modes are observed in the samples with defects and show the F-P defect has a strong localization effect