移动荷载作用下梁裂缝识别的小波方法研究

利用小波分析对简支梁的裂缝进行识别。通过对带裂缝简支梁在移动荷载作用下的跨中响应用Mexicanhat小波进行连续小波变换，从小波系数的模极大值点有效地得到荷载经过裂缝的时间，从而识别裂缝位置，从模极大值处的Lipschitz指数判断裂缝深度，Lipschitz指数随裂缝深度的增加而减小。同时讨论了荷载移动速度和裂缝位置对Lipschitz指数的影响。通过分析和仿真计算获得满意结果，在梁结构损伤诊断中具有较高的应用价值。     

多个移动荷载作用下简支梁竖向共振机理研究

本文针对我国客车提速实验现场测试发现的３２ｍ下承钢板梁的竖向共振现象，建立了多个移动荷载作用下简支梁振动的叶域计算公式，通过分析多个移动荷载作用下简支梁的急剧稳态（强迫振动）和瞬态（自由振动）反应，提出这种共振现象是自由振劝部分（瞬态反应）所引起。桥梁的跨度与移动荷载速度比是影响共振幅值大小的主要因素之一，文中还对影响共振的其它主要因素进一步进行了系统的研究。     

移动荷载作用下桥梁的系统仿真

应用达朗贝尔原理，采用欧拉一贝努利梁假设，建立简支梁在移动荷载作用下的车桥耦合振动力学模型。然后从系统仿真的角度出发，建立了车桥耦合振动作用下简支梁动态响应的仿真模型，进而实现了移动荷载作用下桥梁的系统仿真。将仿真实验结果与数值求解所得结果相比较，在保证计算精度同时，更具有快速、简单和灵活的显特点。     

移动荷载列作用下简支梁振动响应参数研究

推导了移动荷载列作用下简支梁位移响应的精确解,在此基础上引入3个无量纲参数,研究了荷载移动速度、荷载频率及结构阻尼对桥梁响应的影响,分析了简支梁在一定荷载速度下的共振和消振现象发生机理。结果表明:桥梁跨中的最大位移响应并非随着荷载速度的增大而单调地增大,而是表现出一种类似正弦但波幅逐渐变大的方式;当移动荷载列以消振速度通过桥梁时,引起的桥梁余振响应趋近于零;简支梁的共振速度与移动荷载列的间距有直接关系,当共振速度同时又是消振速度时,共振现象被抑制;当简谐荷载移动速度较低时,梁体位移在荷载频率等于梁体第一阶自振频率时达到最大响应,随着荷载移动速度的增大,梁体位移达最大响应不再发生于荷载频率等于梁体第一阶自振频率的情况。     

简支梁桥与多跨连续梁桥上移动荷载的识别与参数分析

移动车辆荷载反复作用会导致桥梁疲劳损伤甚至破坏,移动荷载识别是桥梁健康监测的重要措施之一。采用样条函数逼近法对简支梁桥与多跨连续梁桥上的移动荷载进行识别和参数分析。基于模态叠加法和梁固有振动的精确解,建立了移动荷载作用下简支梁和连续梁的运动方程;利用样条最小二乘法逼近桥梁应变响应,由样条数值微分求得响应导数;再通过Tikhonov正则化方法结合奇异值分解技术得到了荷载识别的正则解。对一简支梁和一三跨连续梁进行了数值仿真,并对一些影响因素进行了参数分析。利用已有的试验数据验证了方法的可靠性。结果表明,样条函数逼近法能有效地识别简支梁与连续梁桥上的移动荷载,具有很强的实用性和抗噪性能;而且简支梁桥上的荷载识别精度和抗噪性能高于连续梁桥;利用Tikhonov正则化方法可得到荷载识别的稳定解,并有利于提高识别精度,降低对噪声的敏感性。     

匀变速移动质量与简支梁耦合系统的振动分析

对受变速移动荷载作用的简支梁的动力响应分析过程中,同时考虑移动质量的牵连惯性力及其加速度对梁横向振动的影响。利用时变力学系统的求解方法,得到在移动质量的初速度和加速度两个运动参数变化情况下,梁的挠度变化规律。数值结果表明,移动质量的加速度对梁横向振动的影响不能忽略,否则将产生较大的误差,而它的牵连惯性力对梁的横向振动影响不大,在一般的计算中可以忽略其影响以简化运算。     

不同速度的移动质量作用下梁的动态响应分析

梁结构振动分析在各类工程中有着广泛的应用。本文主要针对在移动质量作用下Euler-Bernoulli简支梁对不同质量、速度下的响应。通过对运动方程的建立,用ANSYS进行有限元分析,对比简支梁中心点处的时间-位移曲线,研究速度与质量对振动过程的影响。     

移动荷载激励下基于平均曲率模态的简支梁局部损伤识别

该文采用缺口平滑拟合技术,利用移动荷载激励下结构的响应数据,通过分析梁式结构的平均曲率模态,对结构进行局部损伤定位。该方法不需要损伤前的桥梁激振数据,受信号噪音影响较小,并且可用于多移动荷载同时激励的情况,实践性和可操作性大大提高。首先分析在质量-弹簧-阻尼体系的移动荷载激励下简支梁的动力响应,通过Newmark-β时域积分算法分析沿时间平均处理后的简支梁振动位移模态,验证了基频模态在移动荷载激励下简支梁位移响应中的支配作用,在理论上解释了平均信号处理的意义。其后,利用ANSYS生死单元技术进行质量-弹簧-阻尼体系的移动荷载仿真,构造出三角函数拟合曲线的形式用于损伤识别。数值实验取得了良好的识别效果,表明该方法在多点损伤、多移动荷载、噪音影响等情况下均具有良好的灵敏性。该文为正常通车条件下桥梁的损伤识别研究提供了一种新思路。     

移动荷载作用下的桥梁振动及其TMD控制

为了全面地了解移动荷载作用下桥梁的振动机理及其调质阻尼器(TMD)控制,将列车简化成移动简谐力模型,对列车过桥时桥梁的振动形态幅频特性作了详细的探讨。然后论述了移动荷载作用下的TMD控制。给出了桥梁在不同速度下的幅频特性曲线以及TMD控制的质量比影响曲线,揭示了移动荷载作用下的桥梁振动及其控制的特点,同时为进一步的桥梁振动控制提供详尽的参考数据。     

无粘结智能预应力简支梁的力学性能研究

针对混凝土简支梁的挠度控制问题,提出了在梁中使用随活载变化而变化的智能预应力方法,即根据梁承受的荷载情况,通过梁端智能锚具的顶升、回缩改变梁中的预应力大小,从而实现梁的挠度始终控制在目标范围内。研究中以一根跨中挠度为控制目标的智能预应力简支梁在移动荷载作用下的力学分析,推导了结构的控制微分方程,并通过数值算例演示了智能预应力梁的工作过程,说明了控制思想的可行性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.