涤/棉混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴染色工艺研究

本实验选择双一氯均三嗪结构的活性染料和耐碱型分散染料,探讨涤/棉(65/35)混纺织物分散/活性染料一浴染色工艺。通过单因素实验分析了染色温度、染色时间、无水硫酸钠浓度和碳酸钠浓度对织物染色效果的影响,得到优化的工艺。红色在硫酸钠60 g/L、碳酸钠2 g/L、温度120℃、时间30分钟工艺条件下染色;蓝色在硫酸钠浓度45 g/L、碳酸钠浓度2g/L、温度130℃、时间60分钟工艺条件下染色。     

氧化石墨烯对蚕丝的紫外线防护整理

采用氧化石墨烯（GO）对蚕丝织物进行紫外线防护整理，并对浸渍吸附GO的蚕丝织物进行还原得到还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）整理蚕丝织物。研究了GO和RGO整理蚕丝织物的紫外线防护性能，并测试了RGO整理蚕丝织物的抗紫外耐久性。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和拉曼光谱（Raman）对RGO整理蚕丝织物进行了表征。研究结果表明，GO对蚕丝织物进行浸渍-还原法紫外线防护整理的最佳工艺为GO 0.5g/L，还原剂保险粉1 g/L，还原温度75℃，还原时间5min，整理蚕丝织物的UPF值在40以上，获得优异的紫外线防护效果；相同条件下RGO整理蚕丝织物的紫外线防护性能优于GO整理蚕丝织物，且RGO整理蚕丝织物经多次水洗后抗紫外性能降低很小，说明RGO整理蚕丝织物的耐久性好；由SEM和Raman表征也证实了RGO在蚕丝织物表面的沉积。     

反应性聚硅氧烷在织物无甲醛免烫整理中的应用

简述了防皱免烫整理的研究进展及双半缩醛交联剂BHA的合成 ,讨论了反应性聚硅氧烷品种及其整理工艺条件对免烫产品性能的影响。结果表明 :用反应性聚硅氧烷配合双半缩醛对纯绵、涤棉和纯苎麻织物进行免烫整理后 ,其弹性恢复角大大提高 ,而织物的强力损失在可接受的范围内     

涤纶织物表面改性及其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

以柠檬酸作为交联剂,次亚磷酸钠作为催化剂,将β-环糊精整理到涤纶织物上。通过单因素分析发现,织物增重率与β-环糊精浓度、柠檬酸浓度、催化剂浓度、焙烘时间及焙烘温度有关。确定最佳整理工艺为:β-环糊精90 g/L,柠檬酸100 g/L,催化剂30 g/L,焙烘温度180℃,焙烘时间20 min。经过整理后的织物对Cu2+有较好的吸附能力。     

芳砜纶织物及其拒油拒水性能

将芳砜纶混纺纱线与镀银纤维织成织物,对织物进行了拒水拒油整理,研究了整理后织物的阻燃性和透气性,结果表明:当HPC-6整理剂质量浓度为50 g/L,HPC-4交联剂质量浓度为20 g/L,焙烘温度为170℃,焙烘时间为1 min时,拒水拒油整理工艺最佳,且对织物的阻燃性和透气性无影响。     

可溶性淀粉-乙二醛对棉织物免烫整理的研究

本文对可溶性淀粉-乙二醛用于棉织物免烫整理的整理工艺进行了研究.结果表明:用可溶性淀粉-乙二醛对棉织物进行免烫整理,其效果优于树脂整理和其它低醛或无醛免烫整理,整理工艺简单,原料来源方便,没有环境污染,整理过的织物符合人体卫生要求,耐洗性好,是一种具有市场开发价值的免烫整理技术,值得推广应用.     

GO/氟硅乳液复合亚麻整理剂的拒水防紫外线性能

以氧化石墨烯（GO）为功能填料，氟硅丙烯酸酯（FSiAc）乳液为功能黏合助剂，制备氧化石墨烯/氟硅丙烯酸酯（GO/FSiAc）复合乳液整理剂，并通过轧-烘-焙工艺对亚麻织物进行拒水防紫外线多功能整理。利用FTIR、TEM和DLS表征了GO/FSiAc复合乳液的结构和粒径分布；通过XPS和SEM表征了整理亚麻织物的表面元素和形貌；考察了软单体（BA）和硬单体（MMA）的质量比及GO的质量浓度等对整理亚麻织物的耐热性、拒水性、紫外线防护性能及物理机械性能等应用性能及服用性能的影响。结果表明，GO在FSiAc乳液中良好的分散并均匀地覆盖在亚麻织物表面。当m(BA)∶m(MMA)=7∶3，GO的质量浓度达到4 g/L时，表现出优异的拒水性和防紫外线性能，其水接触角为148.48°，紫外线防护系数（UPF）为179.77，紫外线（UVA）波段的透过率为0.63%。与原始亚麻织物相比，GO/FSiAc复合乳液整理亚麻织物的耐热性、断裂强力和断裂伸长率分别提升了60.67℃、153 N和11.1%，同时保持良好的透气性能。经过20次皂洗测试后，水接触角仍为142.00°，UPF为162.22，UVA波段的透过率为0.94%，说明整理后亚麻织物具有良好的耐久性。     

石墨烯柔性导电改性涤纶织物的制备与性能

采用乙二胺（EDA）和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性，获得氨基化改性涤纶，再将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液，涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用扫描电镜（SEM）对导电涤纶进行表征，并进行耐洗和耐摩擦性能测试。研究结果表明，涤纶织物经EDA改性后对GO的吸附能力增强，织物导电性增加；改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺为GO溶液pH值6，5 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60min可使织物上GO较充分还原，改性涤纶织物的导电性随GO浓度的增大、还原温度的增加和还原时间的延长而增强，当GO为2g/L时，改性涤纶的表面电阻值降低至14.575 KΩ/cm。由SEM结果可知未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑，经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜。     

EFR-3超低甲醛树脂对棉织物的防皱整理工艺研究

以EFR-3超低甲醛树脂为整理剂,通过测定整理后棉织物的折皱回复角、断裂强力、撕破强力,对影响防皱效果的各因素进行实验和分析,得出防皱最佳整理工艺为:EFR-3超低甲醛树脂的用量为120 g/L,催化剂MgCl2的用量为18g/L,柔软剂有机硅的用量为30 g/L,渗透剂JFC的用量为1 g/L,pH值为3.4～4.4,85℃预烘4分钟,155℃焙烘5分钟.EFR-3超低甲醛树脂对棉织物的防皱整理工艺具有环保和织物强力损伤小的特点.     

双组分海岛型超细纤维及其染整工艺研究

采用正交设计对海岛纤维进行了碱减量开纤处理，减量率为25%-35%。在优化条件下：NaOH:15g/L～20g/L;碱减量调节剂：0.1g/L～0.5g/L;耐碱渗透剂；1g/L～5g/L;80℃～85℃；25～30分钟，将海组分COPET除去，获得了0.039dt的超细纤维。此纤维染色时K/S值较高，提升同步性好，三原色临界温度为90℃～120℃，120℃时上染率达到90%、扩散性和迁移性好，获得各项牢度较好的匀染效果。对影响海岛纤维的织物风格、纤维开纤和染色的有关因素进行了讨论。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。