低成本环状碳酸酯新工艺诞生

南开大学的科研人员将一种新型固体催化剂用于制备环状碳酸酯，大大简化了工艺流程，产品无需经过分离、纯化过程，纯度就可高达99％以上。这种高分子负载催化剂可做到一相反应、两相分离，大大降低了生产成本。这项环状碳酸酯新工艺目前已引起业界的极大关注。     

二氧化硫氧化用环状钒催化剂的最佳尺寸

固定床反应器中,催化剂由圆柱状改为环状,可降低床层阻力,从而降低能耗、增加产量。但要保持催化剂的最高宏观活性,则必须使环状催化剂具有最佳的内、外径之比。本文模拟四段二氧化硫转化反应器,建立了沿轴向的转化率、温度和压力分布的一维数学模型,用龙格—库塔法在电子计算机上求解,得到环状S101型钒催化剂的最佳内、外径之比为1:3。     

三叶型345催化剂的工业开发

三叶型３４５催化剂（Ｆｅ－Ｋ－Ｃｅ－Ｍｏ）具有高活性、高选择性、抗湿防潮性能好、机械强度大、炉前压降低、使用寿命长等特点。可使乙苯转化率大于７８％，苯乙烯选择性大于９５％，苯乙烯收率大于７４％，使用寿命在１．５ａ以上。     

乙苯脱氢三叶型355催化剂的工业开发

开发成功了具有高活性、高选择性、低水同比、高侧压强及抗水性能好等特点的三叶型３５５催化剂。工业试生产和工业生产结果表明，在反应温度为６２０℃，流体空速为１．０ｈ，水油比为２．０的条件下，可使乙苯转化率大于８０％，苯乙烯收率大于７６％，苯乙烯选择性大于９５％。     

山东奥宝化工集团公司——催化剂分厂

INTRODUCTION简介山东奥宝化工集团催化剂分厂生产的钒催化剂已有30多年的历史,相继开发了S101、S106、S108、S109型四大系列(圆柱状、环状、三瓣柱状、梅花状)外型的产品。产品以特优精制山东硅藻土为载体,以优质碱金属盐及多种稀有元素为助剂,采用国家专利技术加工成型、立式炉煅烧精制而成。产品外形美观,具有活性好、强度高、不易粉化、使用寿命长,起燃温度低等特点。梅花状产品更具有比表     

孟山都公司钒催化剂在贵冶的使用

美国孟山都环境化学公司是专门从事环境化学工程的一家公司,也是国外生产和供应钒催化剂的主要厂商之一。据资料介绍,该公司生产的钒催化剂产品有7种,目前推广的主要是普通型环状的LP—120、LP—110和Cs—120、Cs—110型含铯环状低温型催化剂。贵溪冶炼厂在近几年的挖潜增产的技术改造中为了增加硫酸产量和满足尾气排放的环保要求,先后采用了技术性能好的日本触媒公司和孟山都公司的催化剂。     

磷碱交替沉淀法制备铜基甲醇合成催化剂

日前，报道称采用酸／碱交替沉淀法（AP法）制备了一种新型的低压甲醇合成催化剂。研究了母液pH值和交替次数对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明，pH值为5．0～9．5，交替次数为3时制备的催化剂活性最好。与其他制备方法相比，AP法制备的催化剂具有最高的活性和耐热性，耐热后活性保留率达88％，比其他催化剂高8％～20％，且耐热后活性甚至高于其他催化剂的初活性。     

多孔催化剂效率因子的多组分扩散模型(Ⅳ)有死区圆柱状中温变换催化剂效率因子的二维模型及其求解

建立了有死区圆柱状WB-2中温变换催化剂效率因子计算的二维数学模型,用正交配置法进行计算,所得结果与实验测定值比较,相对误差绝对值的平均值为11.50%.     

乙苯脱氯催化剂的发展动态

通过对乙苯脱氯制苯乙烯工业催化剂演变过程的分析，认为近年催化剂组成已经历由Ｆｅ－Ｋ－Ｃｒ系列向Ｆｅ－Ｋ－Ｃｅ系列以及由高钾含量向低钾含量的过渡。催化剂制备工艺也有诸多改进，颗粒形状由传统圆柱形由齿轮柱形及三叶柱形等异型颗粒演变。关于催化活性本质的研究渐趋活跃，多数研究者认为活性相是Ｋ２Ｆｅ２Ｏ４，流失是催化剂在正常操作条件下逐渐老化的根本原因。     

C301铜基催化剂甲醇合成反应动力学(Ⅳ)——圆柱状催化剂平行反应效率因子二维模型的正交配置解

以一氧化碳和二氧化碳平行加氢反应作为铜基催化剂上甲醇含成的关键反应,按二维模型计算了圆柱状C301铜基催化剂上这两个反应的效率因子.将效率因子的模型计算值与实验测定值进行比较,表明正交配置法中计算平行反应效率因子的有效、准确的方法.     

环状GS-05型乙苯脱氢催化剂的研制及工业应用

本文介绍了一种新型高效的环状GS-05型乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯催化剂的研究开发及工业应用情况,并就其催化性能与圆柱型GS-05型催化剂在实验室100ml等温固定床反应器和工业5000t/a等温脱氢装置上的运转作比较,认为环状GS-05型催化剂能适应等温床反应器。     

微波煅烧钒催化剂实验及性能研究

对微波煅烧硫酸工业用钒催化剂进行了研究。实验结果表明,采用多模微波在600℃下煅烧30 min,钒催化剂耐热后活性大于85.50%,径向抗压为119 N/cm,磨耗率为6.07%,堆密度为0.63 g/mL,各项指标均达国家标准。并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对微波煅烧后钒催化剂产物进行分析表征。     

The Oxidative Destruction of Hydrocarbon Volatile Organic Compounds Using Palladium–Vanadia–Titania Catalysts

A range of titania supported palladium catalysts modified by the addition of vanadium have been prepared and tested for the total oxidation of short chain hydrocarbons. The addition of vanadium promoted the rates of oxidation at lower temperatures. Vanadium loadings between 0.5 and 3.0 wt.% were investigated and the most active catalyst was 0.5% Pd1.5% V/ TiO₂. The addition of vanadium decreased the palladium dispersion, but temperature programmed reduction studies showed that the combination of palladium with vanadium dramatically increased the ease of catalyst reduction. It is proposed that the increased catalyst activity is related to the modified redox properties of the catalysts.     

Characterisation of alumina-supported vanadium oxide catalysts by kinetic analysis of H2-TPR data

Alumina-supported vanadium oxide catalysts with vanadium contents of 2, 5 and 11 wt.% were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterised by XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H₂-TPR. The catalysts with the low vanadium contents contained vanadium mainly in the well-dispersed phase, but the catalyst with the highest vanadium content contained also some crystalline AlVO₄ according to XRD and Raman spectroscopic results. The reduction kinetics of the vanadium catalysts was modelled based on the hydrogen consumption during the TPR. The reduction kinetics could be described with a single-reducible-site random nucleation model for the catalyst containing the lowest amount of vanadium. The reduction kinetic models for the other catalysts required a combination of multiple processes to describe the experiments properly. In the catalyst with 5 wt.% V, a part of vanadium species possibly reduces as a homogeneous random nucleation process, but topochemical reduction by nuclei growth also takes place. In the catalyst with 11 wt.% V, reduction by nuclei growth seems to be the predominant reduction mechanism. The characterisation of the reduced catalysts by XRD and during reduction by Raman spectroscopy enabled the identification of the features of the TPR profiles.     

Deep oxidation of light alkanes over titania-supported palladium/vanadium catalysts

The total oxidation of short-chain hydrocarbons has been studied using a titania-supported palladium catalyst modified with vanadium. A range of catalysts has been prepared by coimpregnation of the titania support with palladium (II) chloride and ammonium metavanadate. The addition of vanadium promoted the rates of oxidation at lower temperatures. Vanadium loadings between 0.5 and 3.0 wt% were investigated and the most active catalyst was 0.5% Pd1.5% V/TiO₂. The addition of vanadium decreased the palladium dispersion and the number of surface palladium sites. Microlaser Raman characterisation identified the supported vanadium species and the vanadium loading influenced these. The addition of palladium modified the vanadium species. In particular the presence of palladium increased the concentration of polymeric vanadium species. Temperature-programmed reduction studies showed that the addition of palladium to V/TiO₂ significantly increased the ease of catalyst reduction. Characterisation using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the presence of palladium significantly increased the concentration of V⁴⁺ species. It is proposed that the increased catalyst activity is related to the modified redox properties of the catalysts.     

不同老化气氛对催化裂化捕钒剂性能的影响

通过改变老化处理气氛,研究其对催化裂化捕钒剂性能的影响。在水蒸汽和氮气气氛下,含有捕钒组分的催化剂与不含捕钒组分的催化剂催化活性接近,捕钒组分的捕钒效果不显著。在水蒸汽和空气气氛下,随着空气体积分数由0增加到50%,不含捕钒组分的催化剂微反活性由58%升高到69%,重油转化率由68. 82%升高到74. 02%;含有捕钒组分的催化剂微反活性由60%升高到73%,重油转化率由70. 04%升高到77. 10%,焦炭和干气选择性也优于不含捕钒组分样品,体现了捕钒组分的捕钒效果。通过控制老化气氛中SO2质量分数为0或0. 16%,考察SO2对捕钒组分的影响,结果表明,SO2对此捕钒组分的性能影响较小。     

催化剂颗粒形状对甲烷水蒸气重整反应的影响及工业反应器模拟

甲烷水蒸气重整工艺是现阶段最主要的工业制氢技术,催化剂颗粒形状和反应器操作条件是影响重整反应器性能和产物组成的重要因素。首先从颗粒尺度研究催化剂形状对甲烷水蒸气重整反应的影响,在不同的反应温度和压力下,计算并比较了球形、柱形和环形催化剂的效率因子,其大小顺序为:柱形 < 球形 < 环形。其次,将反应器床层的质量、热量和动量传递与环形催化剂颗粒的扩散-反应方程相结合,建立了用于描述甲烷水蒸气重整工业反应器的一维轴向数学模型。计算并分析了反应器进口温度和压力对反应器床层的温度和压力分布、催化剂效率因子以及甲烷转化率和各组分浓度分布的影响,确定了适宜的工业反应器进口温度和压力,分别为773 K和3 MPa。     

废钒催化剂综合利用的实验研究

研究了以废钒催化剂为原料,经水浸-还原酸浸-萃取-沉钒等环节制取五氧化二钒、硫酸钾、液体硅酸钠的方法。考察了以三正辛胺（TOA）-仲辛醇-煤油溶液为萃取液提钒的最佳工艺条件： 将废钒催化剂磨碎至 375 μm左右,经过水浸、还原酸浸后,合并其浸出液进行氧化,在水相pH为2.3时,用9%的TOA-3%的仲辛醇-88%（均为质量分数）的煤油溶液萃取, 在浸取时间为2.5 min条件下, 经三级萃取, 钒的萃取率达99%以上;在pH>8、反萃取剂为0.25 mol NaOH+0.25 mol NaCl、反萃时间为3 min条件下, 经三级反萃, 钒的反萃取率达99.4%。在此工艺条件下, 钒、钾的回收率分别达到91.5%和93.8%,产品五氧化二钒、硫酸钾、液体硅酸钠的主要成分含量均达到相应国家标准要求。     

V/SBA-15的制备及催化氧化性能研究

以柠檬酸处理过的偏钒酸铵为钒源,采用后合成法制备出了V/SBA-15负载型催化剂,研究其在氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛反应中的催化性能.结果表明,在钒负载量低于15％时,V/SBA-15仍保持SBA-15的高度有序的二维六方孔道结构,且具有较大的比表面积和孔体积,负载的活性组分金属钒氧化物均匀分布在介孔分子筛表面;在优化条件下催化氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛,苯乙烯转化率达65.62％,苯甲醛的选择性81.21％,且V/SBA-15具有较好的催化剂稳定性.     

Separation and recovery of vanadium from leached solution of spent residuehydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst using solvent extraction

Leached solution, generated by oxalic acid washing of spent residue hydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst, was used for separation and recovery of vanadium. First of all, solvent extraction, using mixture of 20% (v/v) Alamine-336 and 5% (v/v) tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier, was conducted to extract molybdenum completely at pH 0.50. Then molybdenum-free solution was used for vanadium extraction at pH 1.25 with 20% Alamine-336 and 5% TBP. Stripping of vanadium from loaded organic solution was performed with 1.5 M H₂SO₄ at O/A phase ratio of 5:1 where more than 99% of vanadium was stripped in two stages. The stripped vanadium solution was further processed by precipitating with ammonium hydroxide to recover ammonium-meta-vanadate which was calcined to obtain vanadium pentoxide. Finally a conceptual process was established for recovery of high purity vanadium pentoxide from oxalic acid leached solution of spent residue hydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst.