‘Irrefragable answers’ using comparable corpora to retrieve translation equivalents

In this paper we present a tool that uses comparable corpora to find appropriate translation equivalents for expressions that are considered by translators as difficult. For a phrase in the source language the tool identifies a range of possible expressions used in similar contexts in target language corpora and presents them to the translator as a list of suggestions. In the paper we discuss the method and present results of human evaluation of the performance of the tool, which highlight its usefulness when dictionary solutions are lacking.     

A strategy for allowing meaningful and comparable scores in approximate matching

Approximate data matching aims at assessing whether two distinct instances of data represent the same real-world object. The comparison between data values is usually done by applying a similarity function which returns a similarity score. If this score surpasses a given threshold, both data instances are considered as representing the same real-world object. These score values depend on the algorithm that implements the function and have no meaning to the user. In addition, score values generated by different functions are not comparable. This will potentially lead to problems when the scores returned by different similarity functions need to be combined for computing the similarity between records. In this article, we propose that thresholds should be defined in terms of the precision that is expected from the matching process rather than in terms of the raw scores returned by the similarity function. Precision is a widely known similarity metric and has a clear interpretation from the user's point of view. Our approach defines mappings from score values to precision values, which we call adjusted scores. In order to obtain such mappings, our approach requires training over a small dataset. Experiments show that training can be reused for different datasets on the same domain. Our results also demonstrate that existing methods for combining scores for computing the similarity between records may be enhanced if adjusted scores are used.     

Annotating discourse markers in spontaneous speech corpora on an example for the Slovenian language

Speech-to-speech translation technology has difficulties processing elements of spontaneity in conversation. We propose a discourse marker attribute in speech corpora to help overcome some of these problems. There have already been some attempts to annotate discourse markers in speech corpora. However, as there is no consistency on what expressions count as discourse markers, we have to reconsider how to set a framework for annotating, and, in order to better understand what we gain by introducing a discourse marker category, we have to analyse their characteristics and functions in discourse. This is especially important for languages such as Slovenian where no or little research on the topic of discourse markers has been carried out. The aims of this paper are to present a scheme for annotating discourse markers based on the analysis of a corpus of telephone conversations in the tourism domain in the Slovenian language, and to give some additional arguments based on the characteristics and functions of discourse markers that confirm their special status in conversation.     

Finding words in alphabet soup: Inference on freeform character recognition for historical scripts

This paper develops word recognition methods for historical handwritten cursive and printed documents. It employs a powerful segmentation-free letter detection method based upon joint boosting with histograms of gradients as features. Efficient inference on an ensemble of hidden Markov models can select the most probable sequence of candidate character detections to recognize complete words in ambiguous handwritten text, drawing on character n-gram and physical separation models. Experiments with two corpora of handwritten historic documents show that this approach recognizes known words more accurately than previous efforts, and can also recognize out-of-vocabulary words.     

PLC在转辙机电流采集回路中的应用

本文从硬件构成和软件分析两方面描述了利用PLC对转辙机电流进行采集并对数据进行处理的实现方法。     

Development of speech corpora for speaker recognition research and evaluation in Indian languages

Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR) refers to the task of identifying a person based on his or her voice with the help of machines. ASR finds its potential applications in telephone based financial transactions, purchase of credit card and in forensic science and social anthropology for the study of different cultures and languages. Results of ASR are highly dependent on database, i.e., the results obtained in ASR are meaningless if recording conditions are not known. In this paper, a methodology and a typical experimental setup used for development of corpora for various tasks in the text-independent speaker identification in different Indian languages, viz., Marathi, Hindi, Urdu and Oriya have been described. Finally, an ASR system is presented to evaluate the corpora.     

NT/2k操作系统的PCI数据采集卡的驱动程序的开发

较清楚地分析NT/2k操作系统的PCI卡驱动程序的开发要点，针对基于PCI接口芯 片PLX PCI 9080设计的PCI数据采集卡，提出了利用Numega公司的DriverWorks开发环境实 现 NT/2k操作系统下驱动程序的有效软件方法。     

OPC UA技术在冶金设备监测系统中的应用

OPC UA技术在工业控制方面有着不可替代的优势,主要体现在其跨平台性和实时性上,可以方便地解决工业现场监控过程中各个子系统和底层设备之间互操作以及互通信的难题。结合冶金现场设备监测系统的搭建,对OPC UA技术规范进行了研究,开发了OPC UA客户端和服务器,实现了对冶金设备运行状态的实时监测并及时制定故障应对方案的目的。 OPC UA技术在信息建模与跨平台方面的强大优势预示着基于OPC UA技术的集成系统必将成为今后的开发热点。     

Advances in 3D data acquisition and processing for industrial applications

A critical task of vision-based manufacturing applications is to generate a virtual representation of a physical object from a dataset of point clouds. Its success relies on reliable algorithms and tools. Many effective technologies have been developed to solve various problems involved in data acquisition and processing. Some articles are available on evaluating and reviewing these technologies and underlying methodologies. However, for most practitioners who lack a strong background on mathematics and computer science, it is hard to understand theoretical fundamentals of the methodologies. In this paper, we intend to survey and evaluate recent advances in data acquisition and progressing, and provide an overview from a manufacturing perspective. Some potential manufacturing applications have been introduced, the technical gaps between the practical requirements and existing technologies discussed, and research opportunities identified.     

Experiments in laser-assisted visual sensing for AUV navigation

The Cranfield University torpedo-shaped underwater vehicle has been modified to accommodate a laser stripe illumination system. As well as providing enhanced viewing capabilities, this system derives real-time navigational data during the mission and gathers images to produce a post mission enhanced optical waterfall image of a surveyed area.

This paper describes a preliminary set of constrained motion trials at the IFREMER wave basin in Brest, where the system was towed through the 50 m test tank at different altitudes and orientations whilst the true trajectory was measured. A comparison is made between ground truth trajectory generated from these external measurements and that derived from the video camera and rotation sensors internal to the vehicle.