NaOH预处理对废纸纤维发泡材料性能的影响

用NaOH溶液对废纸纤维进行预处理,制备了一种纸纤维发泡缓冲包装材料,研究了NaOH预处理对废纸纤维发泡材料性能的影响。结果表明:经NaOH溶液预处理后,纸纤维发泡材料的发泡倍率、密度及缓冲性能均较未处理试样有所改善;NaOH的用量对纸纤维发泡材料性能的影响,较处理温度和处理时间的影响更为显著。同时,通过试验确定了最佳的废纸纤维发泡缓冲材料预处理条件,即NaOH添加质量为相对于绝干废纸浆质量的2%,且在60℃恒温条件下处理60min。     

NaOH预处理对报纸/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响

采用NaOH对报纸进行预处理,利用双螺杆挤出和注塑成型制备报纸纤维/HDPE复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察预处理前后纤维的形态变化和复合材料的断面形貌,探究不同NaOH浓度处理的纸粉对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,NaOH处理可提高报纸纤维的分散性,进而促进纤维在塑料中的分布均匀性。2.5%浓度处理的纸粉获得的复合材料弯曲模量和拉伸强度最高,分别为1.81GPa,20.15MPa;3.5%浓度处理制得的材料的弯曲强度最高,为19.62MPa,但热降解温度略微降低;3%浓度处理材料的冲击性能最优,为5.30KJ/m~2。     

以石英为原料制备白炭黑的实验研究

为研究白炭黑的制备工艺,以石英原矿、浓硫酸、Na2CO3和NaOH为原料,利用煅烧-淬冷-硫酸酸洗工艺制备质量分数大于99%的高纯石英粉,并利用煅烧-沉淀法制备非晶白炭黑。采用X射线荧光(XRF)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段研究钠源(Na2CO3)与石英比例、不同钠源(NaOH)等对白炭黑品质的影响。结果表明:将石英与Na2CO3或NaOH混合煅烧后制成溶液,通入CO2气体后可生成非晶白炭黑,最佳工艺条件为:n(Na2CO3)∶n(SiO2)=1∶1,混合物在1 250℃下煅烧2.5 h。     

食品包装纸和纸巾纸中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的测定

目的建立快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法测定纸张中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的含量。方法对本地超市采购的11种食品包装纸和20种纸巾纸中这3种增塑剂的含量进行了测定。纸样前处理条件,萃取剂为正己烷,萃取温度为100℃,静态萃取时间为5 min,循环次数为2次。质谱采用全扫描模式(m/z范围为50~600)用于色谱条件优化,采用选择离子监测模式(SIM)进行定量,各物质定量离子均为149。结果所有纸样均含有增塑剂,22种同时含3种增塑剂。3种增塑剂总含量范围为7.8~1876.8 mg/kg。个别餐巾纸和抽纸DEHP含量高于欧盟对塑料和塑料制品中DEHP的限量。汉堡纸中增塑剂含量最低。结论建立的检测方法快速有效,应当关注市售食品包装纸和纸巾纸中增塑剂的含量。建议制定标准及法规,给出相关纸样增塑剂限量等。纸中还有一些其他未知化合物,其安全性有待进一步研究。     

羧甲基化沙柳木粉的制备及其吸附性能研究

以沙柳木粉为原料,采用无水乙醇、氢氧化钠、氯乙酸对沙柳木粉改性,制备羧甲基化沙柳木粉(CMS)。研究氢氧化钠浓度、羧甲基化反应时间和反应温度等制备条件对CMS吸附铅离子(Pb~(2+))的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段对CMS的微观结构进行分析。研究结果表明:在氢氧化钠浓度为15%,羧甲基化反应时间为2h,反应温度为60℃条件下,CMS对Pb2+的吸附量最大达到71.55mg/g。改性后的沙柳木粉表面变得疏松,呈现多孔的网状结构,沙柳木粉被羧甲基化了。     

铅锡槽液的测定

一、游离硼氟酸的测定1.原理:用标准氢氧化钠溶液滴定槽液中游离的硼氟酸,直至溶液混浊时为止(即生成 氢氧化铅沉淀)。HBF_4(游离状) NaOH→NaBF_4 H_2O2.所需试剂:氢氧化钠0.5N标准溶液。3.分析方法:吸取10ml电镀槽液于150ml的三角烧瓶中(烧瓶需要光亮),用0.5N氢 氧化钠溶液滴定(切勿将溶液稀释)至溶液呈混浊,即认为是终点(滴定     

气相色谱法测定食品包装纸中饱和烃矿物油迁移量

本文运用气相色谱技术建立了食品包装纸中饱和烃矿物油迁移量检测方法.本方法检出限和定量限分别为2.28mg/L和6.84mg/L,采用低、中、高3个浓度水平对样品进行加标回收试验,加标回收率为95.46%~106.38%,相对标准偏差<4.0%.优质原生纸样品食品模拟物未检出矿物油,而回收食品包装纸中均存在不同矿物油迁移量,尤其是含有油墨、石蜡和粘合剂等的回收纸.     

用多聚-L-赖氨酸活化生物芯片玻璃片基的研究

采用红外光谱、紫外光谱和扫描电镜等多种分析手段研究了以多聚－L－赖氨酸（P－L－L）为活化试剂时载碳片的活化过程，讨论了NaOH溶液预处理以及P－L－L浓度和浸泡时间等因素对玻璃片基活化效果的影响。结果表明，多聚－L－赖氨酸与载玻片表面发生联接，其联接量与NaOH预处理条件以及P－L－L的浓度和浸泡时间等因素有关。在本实验条件下，先经24h的NaOH(25%)预处理，再于10％的多聚－L－赖氨酸溶液中浸泡2h，可得到较为理想的活化效果。     

预处理对镁合金磷酸盐化学转化膜的影响

镬合金在磷酸盐化学转化膜处理前进行预处理,可以提高其转化膜的防腐蚀能力,增强转化膜与底层的结合力.为此,研究了3种预处理的影响,并与未预处理的状况进行了比较.利用扫描电子显微镜(sEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及全浸湿等分析试验手段,研究了4种不同的预处理对镁合金磷酸盐化学转化膜层的表面形貌、物相以及抗腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:经过工艺为NaOH+NaF/HF+C2H6O2/NaOH的表面预处理可以使磷酸盐膜层更光滑、致密,抗腐蚀性能更好.     

聚苯硫醚滤料的预处理及其SCR的催化活性

聚苯硫醚(PPS)滤料经HNO3、H2SO4、HCl和NaOH进行预处理,研究了预处理对PPS滤料性质及选择性催化还原(SCR)催化活性的影响。红外光谱(FT-IR)分析结果表明,只有经HNO3预处理的PPS滤料表面发生明显氧化;差示扫描量热(DSC)和热失重(TG)分析表明,经H2SO4、HCl和NaOH预处理的PPS滤料保持原有良好的热稳定性,HNO3预处理的PPS滤料热稳定性下降。低温下对PPS滤料进行SCR催化活性测试,结果表明,经H2SO4、HCl和NaOH预处理的PPS滤料SCR催化活性有一定程度的提高,经HNO3预处理的PPS滤料SCR催化活性有一定程度的下降。     

新型表面活性剂对铝合金的复配缓蚀行为

以异丙基亚氨基(>NCH(CH3)2)作为连接基团,通过二步法合成了一种新型双季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂--二[2-羟基-3-(十二烷基二甲基季铵基)丙基]-异丙胺二氯化表面活性剂,进而用各种实验方法对合成产物进行结构表征;分别将其与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和稀土元素氯化铈进行复配,研究复配体系对铝合金在盐酸溶液中的缓蚀性能和机理。结果表明:两复配体系均能产生良好的协同作用:当合成产物与SDBS配比为3∶4时,缓蚀效率为97.4%;当合成产物与氯化铈配比为1∶1时,缓蚀效率为96.4%。合成产物与SDBS复配的缓蚀机理为利用静电吸附作用在铝合金表面形成致密吸附膜;合成产物与氯化铈复配的缓蚀机理为氯化铈可先在溶液中形成配合物,该配合物进一步吸附于金属表面从而起到协同缓蚀作用。     

热压温度和时间对小麦醇溶蛋白膜性能的影响

以小麦蛋白为原料,从中提取小麦醇溶蛋白(gliadin),将其与甘油混合、热压制备透明生物塑料,并优化其热压温度和时间。采用拉伸性能测试仪、TI-Premier型纳米压痕仪、DCAT21视频光学接触角测量仪、紫外分光光度计、热分析仪(TG)研究了热压温度和时间对小麦醇溶蛋白膜的拉伸性能、表面粗糙度、表面形貌、表面润湿性、透光性和热学性能的影响,并探索了热压温度和时间对小麦醇溶蛋白膜吸湿率、溶胀度和溶解性的影响规律。结果表明,热压温度为140℃、热压时间为12min条件下制备的小麦醇溶蛋白膜机械性能最好,膜的断裂强度为5.27MPa,断裂伸长率为109.4%;在21℃、相对湿度(RH)85%下,膜的吸湿率达8.97%;同时,膜的透光性能优良,表面粗糙度最小,表面润湿性好,溶胀度和溶解性均较低。     

不同Sn含量对Al-Zn-Ga-Si-Sn阳极性能的影响

为了改善Al-Zn-Ga-Si-Sn低电位牺牲阳极的性能,通过调节Sn元素含量提高牺牲阳极的表面活性和电流效率,制备了 5种不同Sn含量的牺牲阳极材料,采用牺牲阳极电化学性能测试方法、极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱测量、表观形貌分析等手段分析了Sn元素对于低电位铝合金牺牲阳极电化学性能的影响。结果表明:Sn可以有效地提高阳极表面的活性,并且破坏表面钝化膜降低表面自由能,使工作电位正移,提高阳极电流效率,改善阳极的溶解形貌。     

Genomic and proteomic identification of a DNA-binding protein used in the "fingerprinting" of campylobacter species and strains by MALDI-TOF-MS protein biomarker analysis

We have identified a prominent approximately 10-kDa protein biomarker observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS) of cell lysates of five thermophilic species of Campylobacter: jejuni, coli, lari, upsaliensis, and helveticus. The biomarker was unambiguously identified by genomic and proteomic sequencing as a DNA-binding protein HU. We report the amino acid sequence of HU as determined by sequencing the hup gene of four species (12 strains): C. jejuni (2), C. coli (4), C. upsaliensis (4) and C. lari(2). Confirmation of the amino acid sequence was obtained by nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of the tryptic peptides of the extracted/digested HU protein. Protein identification was also confirmed by comparison of the molecular weight (MW) predicted from the hup gene and the MW of HU as measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We found the HU protein to be particularly useful as a biomarker in that it strongly ionizes by MALDI and its MW varies between species and among strains within a species. Intra- and interspecies variation of the HU MW is due to changes in the amino acid sequence of the HU protein and not due to co- or posttranslational modifications. The strong ionization efficiency of HU by MALDI is likely due, in part, to four lysine residues clustered at the carboxyl end of the protein. We also report identification of the HU protein biomarker for a C. helveticus strain, whose hup gene was not sequenced, but whose HU amino acid sequence was partially conserved in C. upsaliensis strains. We have also tentatively assigned a approximately 10.5-kDa protein biomarker of a C. concisus strain as an HU protein.     

Heulandite/polyaniline hybrid composite for efficient removal of acidic dye from water; kinetic,equilibrium studies and statistical optimization

Heulandite/polyaniline (HU/PANI) composite was prepared by mechanical mixing from natural heulandite and synthesized polyaniline. HU/PANI was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The product is of polycrystalline nature with an average crystallite size of 25.7?nm and optical band gap of 1.69?eV. HU/PANI shows higher efficiency in the removal of light green SF dye than natural HU or PANI in the dark and under artificial illumination. The equilibrium time was attained after 360 and 480?min in the dark and under illumination, respectively. The results fitted well with pseudo second order and Elovich kinetic models. The adsorption isotherm in the dark fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model and the calculated q_max was 44.6?mg/g. Using illumination, the data fitted better with the Freundlich and Temkin model than with the Langmuir model. Based on response surface analysis, the predicted conditions for maximum removal of light green SF dye in the dark (70.9%) were 5.5?mg/L, 24?mg, 3, and 430?min for dye concentration, HU/PANI dose, pH, and contact time, respectively. Whereas, under light illumination (97%) at operating conditions of 15?mg/L, 15?mg, 3, and 589?min, respectively. The composite also shows high efficiencies in the removal of other types of acidic and basic dyes.     

连续分段运动下势流方程的数值模拟

为研究二维水槽内无旋、无粘流体在分段激励下的自由面波高和非线性,本文运用势流方程的Crank-Nicolson有限差分方法,通过改变激励参数,画出不同激励条件下自由面的波高．数值结果表明,在单一水平激励下,不同激励频率下的波高表现出规律的周期拍的现象．在分段激励下,当水平激励消失时,自由面波高拍的现象亦消失．当自由面波高为小振幅时,自由面以驻波形式作自由振动．当自由面波高为大振幅时,波峰与波谷衰减,非线性现象出现,并且波高的振幅越大,非线性现象越明显．     

Reflection of cross-disciplinary research at Creative Research Institution (Hokkaido University) in the Web of Science database: appraisal and visualization using bibliometry

This study describes the results of a preliminary bibliometric analysis of 611 research items, published between 1996 and 2011 by researchers affiliated with Creative Research Institution (CRIS) and the Center for Advanced Science and Technology (CAST), Hokkaido University (HU), retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. CRIS has a primary mission to promote cutting-edge, world-class, trans-departmental research within HU, and it conducts fundamental, commercialization-related, cross-disciplinary research and nurtures young in-house/recruited researchers through targeted, innovative tenure-track programs in multiple disciplines. Its research output derives from 3- to 7-year-long time-bound projects funded strategically by HU, external grants [e.g., MEXT Super-COE HU Research and Business Park Project (FY2003-7)], industry-university collaboration with regional businesses, and endowments (e.g., Meiji Dairies). Analyses using co-words, bibliographic coupling, overlay map aided with visualization, etc., lead to the following inferences: (i) The published items comprise a dozen well-defined (inter-)disciplinary clusters, dominated by 3 macro-disciplines (biomedical science, 33%; chemistry, 21%; agricultural science, ca. 10%) that constitute 18 clusters used for mapping; (ii) research conducted by externally funded or endowed projects in the biomedical, physical and environmental science and technology fields (3 broad areas of aggregation derived from the Science Overlay Map) is interdisciplinary; and (iii) there is an apparently low visibility of publications from projects jointly executed with industries to an almost complete absence of output from CRIS in the fields of social sciences in the WoS database.     

The study of activity median aerodynamic diameter using imaging plate technique for assessment of effective dose from radon and its decay products

The indoor workplace environment was evaluated for exposure to radon and its decay products at two Universities in two metropolises of Japan. The mean radon concentrations in Nagoya University (NU) and Hokkaido University (HU) were 16.7 Bq m(-3) and 18.0 Bq m(-3), respectively. Activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of particles at NU ranged from 172 nm approximately 205 nm and at HU from 186 nm approximately 300 nm. Estimated effective doses for five usual sites of NU by ICRP approach was 0.15 mSvy(-1) approximately 0.76 mSvy(-1) and by UNSCEAR approach was 0.05 mSvy(-1) approximately 0.24 mSvy(-1). The effective dose for the same of HU by ICRP 66 approach was 0.16 mSvy(-1) approximately 0.79 mSvy(-1) and by UNSCEAR 2000 approach was 0.05 mSv y(-1) to 0.26 mSv y(-1). The two approaches differs on an average by a factor 2.3- approximately 4.7. The AMAD of obtained particle size distribution at NU has an average total deposition of 23% in human respiratory tract and 20% at HU.     

Retention of cobalt on a humin derived from brown coal

In this work, the retention of cobalt on a humin (HU) derived from a brown coal is studied. Through a systematic and coordinated investigation of the behavior of the metal ions in solution (speciation diagrams as a function of pH) and their adsorption and precipitation processes with reactive functional groups of the solid (sorption isotherms), the interactions of different Co(II) species with HU are probed. To further confirm the nature of these interactions, the complementary spectroscopic techniques of FTIR, Raman microspectroscopy, UV-visible absorption and XRD are employed. Molecular modeling techniques are used to gain information about the stability of different Co(II) species as a function of pH, as well as the stability of Co(II) species complexed with benzoic acid, a common surface component of humic substances. It is found that the selectivity that humin has for different Co(II) species, as well as the amount of Co(II) that it can retain, are both highly dependent on pH. Through Raman microspectroscopy measurements, the presence and location of Co(OH)(2) precipitates on the surface of HU is confirmed.     

Fabrication of multilayered Au/silica/gadolinium compound core–shell particles and their imaging properties

The present work proposes a preparation method for multilayered Au nanoparticle/silica/gadolinium compound core–shell (Au/SiO₂/GdC) particles. Silica-coated Au core–shell (Au/SiO₂) particles with a size of 38.0?nm were prepared by a sol-gel reaction in the presence of the Au nanoparticles with a size of 15.5?nm. Multilayered Au/SiO₂/GdC particles with sizes of ca. 35–52?nm were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation reaction in the presence of Au/SiO₂ particles. The computed tomography (CT) value of the Au/SiO₂/GdC colloid solution containing 4.3?×?10^?2?M Au was 344.1?HU: Its converted CT value (CT divided by Au concentration) was as large as 8.0?×?10³?HU/M. The r₁ value of the Au/SiO₂/GdC colloid solution was as large as 3.5?mM^?1?s^?1.