采用便携式看谱仪测定钛合金成分的探讨

本文根据钛合金生产的实际需要,采用便携式看谱仪,对钛合金进行快速准确识别,从仪器和材料的选型、标样和样品的准备、激发条件、识别步骤等环节进行论述,对钛及钛合金产品发展有一定参考价值。     

岩石工程环境数据分布形式的模糊识别

将模糊数学的方法应用于岩石工程环境参数分布形式的识别与推断，提出了模糊识别模型，开发了一个通用的模糊识别系统．通过实例验证，提出的模型和系统在理论和实践上是可行的，为岩石工程环境数据分布形式的确定提供了理论方法和实际手段．     

钢铁企业质量管理体系中“过程”的识别和确认

根据GB／T19000族标准中的要求,结合钢铁企业的生产工艺流程和产品质量管理实际,重点分析了钢铁企业在质量管理体系中对特殊过程和关键过程的识别、确认,从而进一步提高质量管理体系运行的有效性。     

计算机视觉技术在农作物病虫草害防治中的研究进展

综述了国内外计算机视觉技术在农作物病虫草害方面的应用进展,分析了计算机视觉技术在农作物病虫草害自动识别与诊断中的应用前景,提出了目前在实际应用中存在的问题及改进方向.     

冶金矿业环境隐患因子识别

分析了环境隐患与安全隐患的异同,定义了冶金矿业行业环境隐患的含义,分析了环境隐患与环境事故的关系,提出环境隐患因子识别的原则、范围和方法。根据冶金矿业行业实际生产情况,用LEC法和危险物质辨识方法对冶金矿业环境隐患进行识别,最终指出常见的冶金矿业环境隐患因子。     

工程地质勘查中滑坡的识别及其防治策略

滑坡是一种严重的地质灾害,在滑坡识别和防治的过程中,首先应该对于滑坡的形成机制进行分析,要结合滑坡的形态特征等实际情况采用合理有效的防治措施,这样得出的方法会更有利于提升滑坡治理的水平。对此,介绍了滑坡的形态特征和滑坡形成的原因,对工程地质勘查中滑坡的识别及其防治策略进行了简要的分析。     

基于图像处理的冷轧薄板板形识别

本文提出一种新的基于图像处理的冷轧薄板板形识别方法。首先对图像进行直方图均衡化，使处理后的图像对比度、图像边界的清晰度提高，然后再进行形态学增强，改善图像效果，对于处理后的图像利用canny算子提取其边缘，利用图像的均值、方差和对比度的统计特征作为人工神经网络分类器的输入进行缺陷特征分类。根据上述方法进行了板形识别系统的硬件、软件设计，实际应用表明，本文提出的方法可以有效地识别出常见的板形缺陷。     

基于软超球体的高维非线性数据异常点识别算法

在冶金、化工等流程型工业领域,生产中的过程控制参数往往具有高维非线性结构特征.为了解决这类高维复杂数据的异常点检测问题,本文引入了软超球体的概念,采用非线性核函数将原始数据映射到高维的特征空间,并在特征空间中确定软超球体的边界.通过检测待识别样本映射到特征空间的位置信息来判定过程参数的设定值是否为异常点,从而避免出现批量的产品质量问题.以某类汽车用钢为应用实例,对实际生产数据进行检测,证明了所提出的基于软超球体的异常点识别算法对于高维的非线性数据具有良好的检测能力.      

探究板材热喷标机与板材在线识别

现阶段部分中厚板企业轧钢生产线精整作业区域,采用板材热喷标识别系统从而使得其实际产能得到大幅提升同时也使得物流方面以及作业工作效率得到了极大程度的提高,此外还实现了自动化水平的提升.板材热喷标识别系统内主要采用了较为新进的生产制造技术以及生产控制系统,从而使得在具体的识别过程中其精度方面以及工作效率方面得到了一定程度的提升,可进一步用于钢板跟踪和标识核对.     

基于BiLSTM-Attention的钢板表面手写板号识别算法

国内钢铁企业生产厂的信息化物料跟踪大都依赖于钢板号。由于生产流程复杂,急需高准确率的板号在线识别技术。自然场景下机器喷号的识别技术较成熟,但复杂场景下的手写板号难以实现自动识别。针对复杂工作场景下钢板表面手写板号特点,提出一种以BiLSTM-Attention为主体结构的深度学习算法。首先结合复杂场景,对图像数据进行预处理,保证模型输入图片质量;然后利用残差神经网络(ResNet)提取图片特征、利用双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)提取基于图像的序列特征;最后基于注意力机制捕获序列内的信息流,对每个字符的特征进行整合,形成文本特征向量以预测输出序列。经现场测试,实现钢板表面手写板号识别任务准确率达86.15%,结果表明算法可行有效,满足实际生产需求。     

Implicit and explicit category learning by macaques (Macaca mulatta) and humans (Homo sapiens).

An influential theoretical perspective differentiates in humans an explicit, rule-based system of category learning from an implicit system that slowly associates different regions of perceptual space with different response outputs. This perspective was extended for the 1st time to the category learning of nonhuman primates. Humans (Homo sapiens) and macaques (Macaca mulatta) learned categories composed of sine-wave gratings that varied across trials in bar width and bar orientation. The categories had either a single-dimensional, rule-based solution or a two-dimensional, information-integration solution. Humans strongly dimensionalized the stimuli and learned the rule-based task far more quickly. Six macaques showed the same performance advantage in the rule-based task. In humans, rule-based category learning is linked to explicit cognition, consciousness, and declarative reports about the contents of cognition. These results demonstrate an empirical continuity between human and nonhuman primate cognition, suggesting that nonhuman primates may have some structural components of humans’ capacity for explicit cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Transformations in cognitive science: Implications and issues posed.

Cognitive science currently offers models of cognition that depart substantively from those of information processing models and classical artificial intelligence, while it embraces methods of inquiry that include case-based, ethnographic, and philosophical methods. To illustrate, five overlapping approaches that constitute departures from classical representational cognitive science are briefly discussed in this paper: dynamical cognition, situated cognition, embodied cognition, extended mind theory, and integrative cognition. Critical responses to these efforts from members of the self-proclaimed cognitive science orthodoxy are also summarized. The paper then discusses ethical and epistemological implications arising from the “new” cognitive science and from critical responses to it and considers the broader importance of this literature for theoretical and philosophical psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Les structures conceptuelles centrales à l' épreuve des faits: Le nombre, l'espace et la cognition sociale.

Presents research that tests the empirical validity of the construct of Central Conceptual Structure (SCC) proposed by R. Case to account for children's conceptual development in 3 distinct domains: number, space, and social cognition. Three batteries of tasks (numerical, spatial, and narrative) were translated and administered to 69 6–10 yr old French children. The experiment was designed to verify 3 hypotheses relative to the development of SCC: the 1st concerns developmental synchrony between the numerical, spatial and narrative SCC; the 2nd individual differences in the elaboration of SCC; and the 3rd, relation between treatment capacities and levels of conceptual structuring. Results show that the developmental synchrony postulated within SCC is not generalized to all domains and age levels; individual patterns of performance are mostly similar; and the positive correlations observed between span measures and battery scores are not sufficient to validate the relation between treatment capacities and conceptual structuring. The limits of the SCC construct both in characterizing cognition at different age levels and specifying children's reasoning in different domains of knowledge are discussed with regard to the role attributed by Case to the general capacity of treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cognition must be computational.

Reviews the book, Computation and Cognition: Toward A Foundation for Cognitive Science by Z. W. Pylyshyn (see record 1986-97211-000). The history of science provides many demonstrations of our intellectual debt to our tools: from Descartes forward, psychological theory has depended on metaphors based on the technology of the day. Computers are the currently exciting technology, and, from that fact alone, one might expect a book with the title Computation and Cognition to invite us to reshape psychological theory in image of the digital computer. That message is not what Pylyshyn has to sell. Instead, he examines computation at a theoretical level and shows that it involves three distinct levels of analysis: a physical, a symbolic, and a semantic level. He argues that to understand mental processes, one needs exactly the same three-level analysis, that is, cognition is computational. In spite of the book's faults, my opinion remains firmly positive: Computation and Cognition is an instant classic. It is a book which deserves to have a major influence on the shape of future work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

From perceptual rags to metaphoric riches—Bodily, social, and cultural constraints on sociocognitive metaphors: Comment on Landau, Meier, and Keefer (2010).

What leads people to describe some of their interpersonal relationships as “close” and “warm” and others as “distant” and “cold”? Landau, Meier, and Keefer (2010) proposed that conceptual metaphors facilitate social cognition by allowing people to use knowledge from a relatively concrete (source) domain (e.g., physical distance) in understanding a different, usually more abstract (target) concept (e.g., love). We concur that such a notion of metaphors can greatly enrich the field of social cognition. At the same time, we believe it is important to devote greater theoretical attention to the nature of metaphorical representations in social cognition. We believe that Landau et al. place too much emphasis on sociocognitive metaphors as top-down knowledge structures and pay too little attention to the constraints that shape metaphors from the bottom up. In the present contribution, we highlight important bottom-up constraints, imposed through bodily constraints and social scaffolds. Sociocognitive metaphors do not exist just for mental representation but for action as well. We discuss the relevance of grounding sociocognitive metaphors for broader motivational purposes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the phenomena of "opposite speech."

"It is the purpose of this paper to consider 'opposite speech' within the categories of a theory of the development of cognition—a theory concerned with general, formal properties of cognitive activity, obtaining in phylogenesis, ontogenesis, cultural evolution, psychopathology, etc. The fundamental principle of this comparative developmental approach to cognition is that wherever development occurs, it proceeds from a relatively global and undifferentiated state to one of increasing differentiation, articulation, and integration… ." Several lines of evidence are cited. Two relevant experiments are discussed. They suggest "that the processes underlying 'opposite speech' occur not only in a few schizophrenics employing a strange means to avoid anxiety or to express hostility, but may be found in any individual, characteristically or momentarily operating under conditions conducive to a primitivization of the level of symbolic articulation and organization of experience." 28 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Motor cognition and its role in the phylogeny and ontogeny of action understanding.

Social life rests in large part on the capacity to understand the intentions behind the behavior of others. What are the origins of this capacity? How is one to construe its development in ontogenesis? By assuming that action understanding can be explained only in terms of the ability to read the minds of others--that is, to represent mental states--the traditional view claims that a sharp discontinuity occurs in both phylogeny and ontogeny. Over the last few years this view has been challenged by a number of ethological and psychological studies, as well as by several neurophysiological findings. In particular, the functional properties of the mirror neuron system and its direct matching mechanism indicate that action understanding may be primarily based on the motor cognition that underpins one's own capacity to act. This article aims to elaborate and motivate the pivotal role of such motor cognition, providing a biologically plausible and theoretically unitary account for the phylogeny and ontogeny of action understanding and also its impairment, as in the case of autistic spectrum disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Explicit and implicit measures of expectancy and related alcohol cognitions: A meta-analytic comparison.

Implicit measures assess the influence of past experience on present behavior in the absence of respondents’ awareness of that influence. Application of implicit measurement to expectancy and related alcohol cognition research has helped elucidate the links between alcohol-related experiences, the functioning of alcohol-related memory, and alcohol-related behavior. Despite these advances, a coherent picture of the role of implicit measurement has been difficult to achieve because of the diversity of implicit measures used. Two central questions have emerged: Do implicit measures assess a distinct aspect of the alcohol associative memory domain not accessible via explicit measurement; when compared with explicit measurement, do they offer unique prediction of alcohol consumption? To address these questions, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of studies using both implicit and explicit measures of alcohol expectancy and other types of alcohol-related cognition. Results indicate that implicit and explicit measures are weakly related, and although they predict some shared variance in drinking, each also contributes a unique component. Results are discussed in the context of the theoretical distinction made between the 2 types of measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the specificity of face cognition compared with general cognitive functioning across adult age.

Face cognition is considered a specific human ability, clearly differentiable from general cognitive functioning. Its specificity is primarily supported by cognitive-experimental and neuroimaging research, but recently also from an individual differences perspective. However, no comprehensive behavioral data are available, which would allow estimating lifespan changes of the covariance structure of face-cognition abilities and general cognitive functioning as well as age-differences in face cognition after accounting for interindividual variability in general cognition. The present study aimed to fill this gap. In an age-heterogeneous (18–82 years) sample of 448 adults, we found no factorial dedifferentiation between face cognition and general cognition. Age-related differences in face memory were still salient after taking into account changes in general cognitive functioning. Face cognition thus remains a specific human ability compared with general cognition, even until old age. We discuss implications for models of cognitive aging and suggest that it is necessary to include more explicitly special social abilities in those models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)