向家坝-上海特高压直流输电工程直流回路的谐振研究

通过对换流阀、平波电抗器、直流滤波器(DCF)、输电线路等直流输电系统关键组成部分的研究, 建立了计算UHVDC 系统阻抗频率曲线所需要的模型。计算采用PSCAD/EMTDC 模拟, 换流阀、平波电抗器、DCF采用集总参数模型, 输电线路采用扩展Bergeron 分布参数模型。利用此方法, 完成了向家坝—上海特高压直流输电工程的阻抗- 频率特性曲线的计算, 并给出了长距离特高压直流输电工程发生直流谐振的解决方案。     

基于GPS的互感输电线路零序分布参数带电测量研究与实现

工程不但需要互感线路的零序集总参数,还需要分布参数。输电线路零序参数带电测量的实现,不仅减少了停电次数,还适合于在线参数测量。通过利用GPS同步采样装置对线路端电气量的同步测量,可以计算得到线路的集总参数,继而可以分别对互感部分和非互感部分求取线路的分布参数。该文首先给出了输电线路分布参数模型和集总参数模型之间的转化公式;在此基础上,提出互感线路分布参数在线测量方法,并通过仿真试验对所提出的方法进行验证。     

Surge analysis of the tank of a gas-insulated line using lumped constant circuits

Surge voltages evaluated by a digital analysis method, for example, electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) and by an analog analysis method (transient network analyzer: TNA) are compared with experimental results on a scaled model of a gas insulated line. From the results, it is confirmed that the analog analysis method has a satisfactory accuracy and its computing speed is quite high. The error caused by the lumped element modeling of the gas insulated line is comparatively small, and the line is not necessary to be treated as a distributed parameter line. The lumped element model is advantageous to understand the mechanism of the transient characteristic of the induced transient voltage. A simple equivalent circuit of the gas insulated line is proposed and its accuracy is confirmed by a comparison with the calculated result obtained by an accurate line method. The transient overvoltages of the tank and across the insulated flange can be analytically calculated using the equivalent model.     

Proposal of an alternative transmission line model for symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations

This article shows a transmission line model for simulation of fast and slow transients, applied to symmetrical or asymmetrical configurations. A transmission line model is developed based on lumped elements representation and state-space techniques. The proposed methodology represents a practical procedure to model three-phase transmission lines directly in time domain, without the explicit or implicit use of inverse transforms. In three-phase representation, analysis modal techniques are applied to decouple the phases in their respective propagation modes, using a correction procedure to set a real and constant matrix for untransposed lines with or without vertical symmetry plane. The proposed methodology takes into account the frequency-dependent parameters of the line and in order to include this effect in the state matrices, a fitting procedure is applied. To verify the accuracy of the proposed state-space model in frequency domain, a simple methodology is described based on line distributed parameters and transfer function associated with input/output signals of the lumped parameters representation. In addition, this article proposes the use of a fast and robust integration procedure to solve the state equations, enabling transient and steady-state simulations. The results obtained by the proposed methodology are compared with several established transmission line models in EMTP, taking into account an asymmetrical three-phase transmission line. The principal contribution of the proposed methodology is to handle a steady fundamental signal mixed with fast and slow transients, including impulsive and oscillatory behavior, by a practical procedure applied directly in time domain for symmetrical or asymmetrical representations.     

基于贝瑞隆模型的长线路距离保护

特高压长距离输电线路的分布参数特性明显,将线路以集中阻抗等效的传统距离保护在长线路上存在超越误动的可能.文中提出了基于贝瑞隆模型的长距离输电线路距离保护原理.新原理在区内外故障时客观反映了故障距离,具有不受负荷电流、系统振荡影响,以及在经过渡电阻故障情况下不存在超越误动等优点.为保证新原理的可实施性,研究了贝瑞隆方程的插值计算方法等,为新原理的应用提供了必要的技术基础.     

Fault location using the distributed parameter transmission linemodel

Earlier work at Texas A&M University led to the development of transmission line fault location algorithms that were based on synchronized sampling of the voltage and current data from the two ends of the line. The line models used in the algorithms were based on lumped parameter models for electrically short lines, or lossless distributed parameter models for electrically long lines. In this paper, the lossless line model is modified to account for the series losses in the line. The line model equations are then solved in the time domain to accurately locate the fault. Testing of the modified algorithm is performed on a power system belonging to the Western Area Power Administration. Extensive EMTP based simulations are used to generate data that are supplied as inputs to the fault location algorithm. To make the testing as realistic as possible, detailed models of instrument transformers are used in the simulation of the various fault cases     

互感输电线路零序分布参数带电测量方法研究

电力工程上不但需要知道互感线路的零序集总参数, 有时还需要知道分布参数。通过对线路端电气量的同步测量,可以计算得到线路的集总参数,继而可以分别对互感部分和非互感部分求取线路的分布参数。笔者首先给出了输电线路分布参数模型和集总参数模型之间的转化公式;在此基础上,提出了互感线路分布参数在线测量方法,并通过仿真试验对所提出的方法进行了验证。     

A new approach for fault location problem on power lines

In most traditional approaches, fault locations have been detected through the use of lumped models. Since these models do not represent the capacitance of the transmission lines, significant errors are generally encountered in exact location of faults. The authors suggest a novel technique based upon the distributed model of power transmission lines to overcome the problems encountered in traditional approaches. This approach considers the effects of capacitance explicitly and therefore enables the detection of faults in transmission lines more precisely. The proposed method can calculate a fault location even for a zero fault inception angle. It requires a lower rate of sampling frequency. The maximum error of the method is less than Dx/2 where Dx is the distance between two consecutive points along the transmission line at which the values of the new function are calculated     

特高压交流输电线路接地阻抗继电器动作特性分析

针对特高压交流输电线路分布电容大、故障后渡过程明显的特点,从分布参数线路模型入手,分析了正常运行和接地故障状态下,接地阻抗继电器测量阻抗的变化规律,证实了故障情况下测量阻抗与故障距离呈双曲函数关系,提出了一种新型接地阻抗继电器电流接线方式,并探讨了P值常数化、线性化的相关问题.理论分析和测试结果表明:对于400 km以下的特高压交流输电短线路,接地阻抗继电器可以基于集中参数模型整定;但是对于400 km以上的长线路,在基于分布参数模型整定阻抗继电器和采用新型电流接线方式的基础上,方向性接地阻抗继电器能够正确判别故障发生、检测故障位置.     

特高压线路参数对线路谐波传递系数的影响

选用均匀传输线路为特高压线路模型,推导了谐波传递系数的公式,对以分布参数表示的线路模型和以集中参数表示的线路模型进行了比较分析,研究了不同线路参数对谐波传递系数变化规律的影响,同时给出了线路终端负载变化对谐波传递系数的影响趋势图。     

输电线路故障定位距离修正的等效折算法

针对线路分布电容影响集中参数模型定位精度的问题,提出了一种能有效减小分布电容影响、提高集中参数模型定位精度的修正算法。以集中参数阻抗等效一定长度的线路分布电容,然后依据集中参数线路模型,利用对称双端口网络传输方程进行折算处理,将等效阻抗折算成线路阻抗,得到了分布电容处理的修正计算公式。基于修正计算公式结合集中参数线路模型,形成的修正定位算法,在一定程度上消除线路分布电容带来的定位误差。按此修正算法进行的EMTP仿真分析验证了该算法在改善线路故障定位精度上的有效性。     

电力电缆故障冲闪测试放电回路建模

对电力电缆故障冲击高压闪络测试(简称冲闪测试)系统的放电响应进行了研究.在只考虑暂态低频分量信号的条件下,利用电缆的均匀传输线T型等效网络,建立了冲闪测试放电回路的集中参数电路模型.根据电缆的结构和材料参数.以及电缆集中参数与其分布参数之间的关系,推导了模型的电流、电压响应近似表达式.以及电流响应的衰减系数和振荡频率表...     

一种分段处理优选数据窗的双端测距算法

基于集中参数模型的双端测距原理普遍应用在输电线路保护中,对于中、短距离线路,模型误差可以忽略,但仍有其他因素对测距结果产生影响,特别是故障在极短时间内被切除时,测距结果易产生较大误差。为了提升测距准确性及普适性,文中对集中参数模型双端测距算法在常见影响因素下进行绝对误差分析,利用正交试验设计以及仿真计算,对比不同因素对测距误差的影响程度,发现数据窗选取这一因素影响最大。同时发现,相比于其他位置,线路首端故障的测距误差受影响较大。根据这2个特征,提出一种基于分段处理的自适应优选数据窗实用算法。经验证,该算法的测距误差受因素影响程度大幅降低。     

Accurate location of faults on power transmission lines with use of two-end unsynchronized measurements

This paper presents a new algorithm for locating faults on two-terminal power transmission lines. Unsynchronized two-end voltages and currents are processed for determining the sought distance to fault and the synchronization angle. The calculations are performed initially for the lumped model of a transmission line. Then, these results are used as the initial data for the Newton-Raphson method-based iterative calculations, in which the distributed parameter line model is utilized. The delivered fault location algorithm has been tested and evaluated with the fault data obtained from versatile ATP-EMTP simulations. The sample results of the evaluation are reported and discussed.     

时域有限元法求解传输线瞬态波过程

讨论了求解多导体传输线(multi-conductor transmission line,MTL)的时域有限元法(time domain finite element method,TDFE),并给出了计算动态集中元件的时域处理方法。通过与传统的数值计算方法时域有限差分法(finite difference time domain,FDTD)和国际上通用的电磁暂态计算程序EMTP的计算结果进行比较,验证了TDFE法的正确性。该方法克服了FDTD不能直接计算带有集中参数网络的传输线这一不足,而且在相同条件下,可以有效地抑制由于在FDTD方法中使用中心差分所造成的吉布斯效应。相对于EMTP只能求解所设定传输线两端的响应这一缺憾,该方法的优势在于能够得到沿线所有离散点的电压电流分布。最后,将TDFE应用于500 kV变电站开关操作时,由于电容式电压互感器的影响而在二次电缆上产生的电磁干扰的数值预测。     

输电线路分布参数测量方法的改进

输电线路参数的精确度对电力系统潮流稳定分析、保护整定、故障定位等至关重要。针对传统的单回输电线路参数测量方法的存在问题,基于线路分布参数模型和等效π电路集中参数模型,推导出输电线路分布参数、等效π电路集中参数、以及短路阻抗与开路阻抗之间的数学关系,实现了线路的分布参数和等值π电路的参数的精确求解,并以算例将所提出的方法与传统方法计算结果进行了对比。     

ATPDraw输电线路模型及操作过电压仿真研究

本文推导了电力系统电磁暂态仿真软件ATPDraw中三相输电线路的分布参数模型,给出了暂态解的求解过程。基于该分布参数模型对由空载线路合闸引起的操作过电压及其补偿措施进行了仿真计算,并结合实际对仿真结果进行了分析,验证了模型的正确性,从而ATPDraw为研究输电线路的过电压及设备选择提供了一种有效的仿真工具。     

风电场站单机聚合模型倍乘元件阻抗参数设计

现有较大规模风电场站等值模型中常采用倍乘方式实现机组聚合,以节省建模与仿真计算等资源。针对风电场站单机聚合模型倍乘元件在风电场建模中应用广泛、参数设置缺少规律性的现状,对倍乘元件阻抗参数在风电场等值建模中的影响展开研究。首先,以PSCAD软件官网的经典倍乘元件入手,分析各个自定义阻抗参数间的关系与重要程度。其次,搭建风电场基准测试模型并展开等值聚合,通过参数遍历测试,研究倍乘元件阻抗参数对等值误差的影响机理,依据稳态运行点等值误差、仿真步长两个方面的限制,提出倍乘元件阻抗参数选择方法。最后,选取稳态运行点、三相电压跌落、宽频振荡3个工况,对影响机理与推荐参数展开验证。从等值误差的角度,对大型风电场建模仿真中倍乘元件阻抗的参数设计提供了参考建议。     

一种新的电力系统短路故障测距方法

本文提出一种新的精确测定电力系统短路故障距离的计算方法，该方法只需线 路单端电压及电流测量值，不受系统电源阻抗、故障类型及接地电阻等因素的 影响；同时该方法建立在电力线路精确的分布参数模型的基础上，因此为提高 测距精度奠定了理论基础。     

Multiphase transmission line modeling for voltage sag estimation

This paper presents a novel approach for voltage sag indices calculation based on instantaneous voltage estimation. The estimation uses traditional state estimation where redundant measurements are available. The estimation is based on time domain state estimation which uses time domain modeling of the power network. The time domain current monitoring is used to have linear mapping and to achieve high performance of voltage sag estimation. The fault estimation procedure is prior of the voltage sag estimation. This paper shows a possible for fault instance detection, fault location identification and fault type estimation method that are required to estimate voltage sag for different line models utilizing residual analysis and topology error processing. Lumped parameter and distributed parameter transmission line modeling are developed to estimate instantaneous voltage at a three-phase power system in time domain. Magnitude and duration of voltage sag as main indices are calculated from the estimated instantaneous bus voltage. The performance of the novel approach is tested on IEEE 14 bus system and the results are shown.