Steady-State Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with Voltage-Source Inverter

A steady-state analysis of a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motor drive with a voltage-source inverter (VSI) is presented. The torque-speed profile required of the drive is a constant torque region from zero to base speed and a constant power region above base speed. Assuming position feedback control from a shaft-position sensor, optimum strategies are obtained for the two regions of the torque-speed profile. Using these optimum strategies, performance curves of the drive are predicted and experimentally verified. The harmonic distortion in the motor is strongly dependent on the presence and configuration of dampers in the motor. An expression is obtained for the equivalent inductance seen by the harmonics for different damper configurations. A Fourier series approach is used to predict the line current waveforms. Since dampers are not otherwise essential to the operation of this type of drive and since the line current without dampers is nearly sinusoidal, it is concluded that it is advantageous not to have dampers in the motor.     

基于电压补偿的低速永磁电机谐波抑制控制策略研究

扭矩扳子自动化检定装置用低速永磁同步电机通常工作于300 r/min以下,由于电机本体气隙磁场畸变、逆变器死区时间、开关管压降等非线性因素,电机在运行过程中会产生高次谐波,引起转矩脉动,导致加载过程中输出扭矩波动,影响检定过程。针对上述问题,提出了一种针对低速永磁电机的谐波抑制控制策略,建立了低速永磁电机的谐波数学模型,采用电压补偿的方法,根据谐波数学模型计算谐波电压补偿量,并采用PI控制,对电机运行过程中的相电流谐波进行抑制,从而减小扭矩扳子自动化检定装置的转矩脉动。通过仿真表明,该方法可以显著降低谐波,从而减小电机输出转矩脉动。     

双三相永磁同步电机合成电压矢量直接转矩控制

针对传统多相电机的直接转矩控制算法在运行过程中存在转矩脉动和大量电流谐波的问题,提出了一种基于合成电压矢量的改进直接转矩控制算法。利用双三相永磁同步电机电压矢量丰富的特点,结合高阶滞环控制器的优点,在电机运行时减小转矩脉动。以电压矢量在谐波平面的电压分量等于零为约束条件,构造三组合成电压矢量。使用合成电压矢量替代传统电压矢量,达到降低电流谐波的效果。仿真结果表明,改进的直接转矩算法可以有效减小谐波电流和转矩脉动,具有良好的运行性能。     

逆变器供电的感应电动机谐波转矩分析与计算

电压型逆变器输出的电压和电流波形中含有大量谐波,导致异步电动机低速时的转矩脉动和转速波动。文章在分析高次时间谐波产生的谐波脉动转矩基础上,介绍了用虚位移原理计算感应电动机谐波脉动转矩的方法。编制了感应电动机转矩的计算机程序,并用一计算实例对电动机谐波转矩进行了分析和计算。     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE REPULSION MOTOR CONTROLLED VIA ROTOR TRIAC

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the solid state speed control of a repulsion motor using a triac in the rotor circuit. The speed control is accomplished by varying the triac firing angle. In addition, this paper investigates the harmonic contents of the rotor current, stator current and rotor voltage The waveforms of these variables were generated and then analyzed numerically for their harmonic content using a Fouries Series Subroutine. The results were validated by comparison with obtained experimental results. More over, the harmonics generated using this type of speed control are compared with those generated when the motor is controlled via a triac in the stator cicuit.     

双馈风电机组电网背景谐波运行与谐波抑制策略研究

针对电网背景低次谐波引起的双馈风电机组定子电流畸变、功率及电磁转矩脉动,建立了能够反映电网5、7次谐波电压下双馈发电机的特征谐波模型,揭示了电网背景谐波电压对双馈发电机功率与电磁转矩脉动的影响机理。通过双馈发电机控制目标分析,提出了基于比例-积分-谐振(PIR)调节转子电流内环的双馈发电机双闭环控制策略,有效地消除了双馈风力发电机定子输出电流中的5、7次谐波和电磁转矩脉动。在Matlab/Simulink中建立了1.5 MW双馈风电机组仿真模型,实现了风电机组谐波运行与抑制的全过程仿真。利用电网谐波发生模拟装置,进行了双馈机组谐波运行与抑制现场试验,仿真与现场试验证明了理论分析的正确性与谐波抑制策略的有效性。     

多电平双移30°永磁同步电机的矢量控制系统

为了进一步提高调速系统的容量,降低输出谐波和转矩脉动,将多电平逆变器与多相电机相结合,给出了五级十一电平级联型多电平逆变器驱动双移30°永磁同步电机的六相调速系统拓扑结构,分析了电压空间矢量在各正交空间的分布,研究了基于双级联型逆变器的四矢量空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）算法。基于Matlab的仿真将级联型多电平逆变器驱动的双移30°永磁同步电机矢量控制系统与两电平逆变器驱动的双移30°永磁同步电机矢量控制系统进行比较,前者的转矩、稳态电流等性能均优于后者,其稳态电流总谐波畸变率仅为2.68%。基于 DSP的实验表明级联型多电平逆变器输出波形接近正弦波,转矩脉动较小,稳态电流谐波含量低,达到了预期的控制效果,从而验证了本文所提方法的可行性。     

可控串补(TCSC)的谐波特性分析

采用数字仿真方法,通过离散傅里叶变换,分析了在TCSC稳态运行、工况调整过程及短路过程中TCSC线路电压、电流谐波的变化规律及波形畸变率的变化情况,着重分析了短路过程中触发角、短路时刻、短路地点、系统参数及短路后TCSC是否旁路对TCSC线路波形畸变率的影响,主要结论是：在非故障状态下,电压、电流波形畸变率均在允许范围内;故障状态下畸变率增大,对系统电压质量和安全稳定运行带来影响。     

基于DSP的SVPWM电机变频控制研究

电压空间矢量控制技术就是根据磁链环路控制电压矢量,可以得到逼近圆形的磁链轨迹.电压矢量的合成采用电压脉宽调制技术,高速数据处理器根据电机反馈的位置信号,计算出参考电压矢量,然后通过对高速开关的通断控制,完成相电流的合成.电压空间矢量控制技术可以减小电机低频转矩脉动和谐波电流损耗,达到对速度转矩调整的目的.用该方法能减少逆变器输出电流的谐波成分及电动机的谐波损耗,更有效地利用电源电压,扩展了电动机的调速范围.本文设计了一种基于DSP处理器的电机控制方案,采用SVPWM技术,通过实验证明了该方案的可行性.     

用谐波注入抑制永磁同步电机转矩脉动

气隙磁场的畸变和逆变器的非线性特性使永磁同步电动机（permanentmagnetsynchronousmotor,PMSM）电流中含有大量高次谐波,电流波形发生畸变,导致电机电磁转矩脉动。针对这一问题,提出了一种新颖的谐波抑制算法,在建立PMSM谐波数学模型的基础上,利用注入谐波电压的方式来抵消电机运行时电机电流中的谐波分量,改善电机电流波形,抑制电机电流谐波分量和电磁转矩脉动。通过仿真及实验验证了该算法的有效性。该算法不需要增加任何硬件和离线实验测量,具有较强的灵活性和适应性。     

基于级联型SOGI的永磁同步电机谐波电流抑制方法研究

伺服驱动器由于具有很强的非线性,导致永磁同步电机(PMSM)的定子电流中含有大量的高次谐波并且引发较大的转矩脉动。针对这一问题,提出基于级联型二阶广义积分器(SOGI)的谐波抑制方法,将级联型SOGI与电流环d、q轴的PI控制器并联,利用级联型SOGI提取d、q轴电流中的6次谐波分量,并将其注入到PI控制器的输出电压中,从而抵消参考电压中的谐波。仿真结果表明:采用基于级联型SOGI的电压补偿法进行谐波抑制,电流波形的畸变得到了明显改善,证明了所提算法的有效性。     

Optimal C-Type Filter Design to Maximize Transformer's Loading Capability under Non-sinusoidal Conditions

The main purpose of this article is to employ the C-type passive filters for maximization of the loading capability of transformers under non-sinusoidal conditions. For this aim, an optimal passive filter design approach is proposed regarding minimization of the harmonic loss factor (F_HL), which is defined in IEEE standard C57.110 to represent the loading capability of the transformers supplying non-sinusoidal load currents. With respect to IEEE standard 519, displacement power factor and individual harmonics & total harmonic distortions of the voltage and current are considered as constraints of the proposed optimal filter design approach. In addition, numerical results are presented to figure out that the proposed approach provides higher loading capability of the transformers under non-sinusoidal conditions when compared with the other two optimal filter design approaches based on minimization of the current total harmonic distortion and minimization of the voltage total harmonic distortion.     

An investigation of the harmonic characteristics of transformerexcitation current under nonsinusoidal supply voltage

This paper investigates the effect of supply voltage harmonics on the excitation current of a typical 25 kVA single-phase distribution transformer. A complete analytical model is developed to calculate the time domain waveform and the harmonic components of the excitation current. The key findings are: the phase angles of the supply voltage harmonics determine whether or not those voltage harmonics increase or decrease the distortion of the input current (with respect to the sinusoidal supply voltage case). A peaked input voltage wave distorted by 3rd, 7th, 11th, etc. harmonic components, or a flattened input voltage wave distorted by 5th, 9th, 13th, etc. harmonics, creates a flattened current (i.e., decreases the current harmonics and distortion). A flattened input voltage wave distorted by 3rd, 7th, 11th, etc. harmonic components, or a peaked input voltage wave distorted by 5th, 9th, 13th, etc. harmonics, creates a peaked current (i.e., increases the current harmonics and distortion): The 3rd harmonic component in the supply voltage has the highest effect on the current harmonics and distortion. The effect of higher voltage harmonics gradually diminishes with frequency. The magnitudes of the individual current harmonics follow the same decreasing/increasing pattern of changes as does current distortion variation. The corresponding variations in harmonic current phase angles is negligible     

三相SPWM逆变器的谐波分析及其抑制策略

对三相电压型SPWM逆变器输出电压和电流谐波及其产生规律进行了讨论,并提出了一种新的易于工程实现的谐波抑制策略,该方法通过正确选择载波频率和在正弦调制波上叠加-个三次波使之成为鞍形波,产生相应的SPWM波形来控制逆变器开关器件的通断从而改善输出波形.数学分析表明有利于降低输出电压THD(波形畸变系数)、改善谐波电流损耗和转矩特性,仿真结果证明了这些措施的有效性和实用性.     

ROLE OF TORQUE ANGLE IN INVERTER-FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES

ABSTRACT

It is shown from the induction motor differential equations that changes in load torque, speed reference and torque angle are accompanied by a transient change in the speed of the air-gap mmf. The time constant associated with the torque angle change is different for a voltage source and a current source inverter-fed induction motor. This aspect throws light on the instability of current source inverter-fed induction motor on open loop operation. Evidently, the solution to overcome this instability is to use the torque angle for feedback control. It is proved that torque angle feedback alone is not sufficient for stabilization of the current source inverter-fed induction motor.     

高压交流系统谐波限值研究

为了研究110kV以上电压等级谐波限值,提出了相邻各电压等级的总谐波畸变率限值的计算式。结合我国高压电网实际情况,补充了典型网络的参数,搭建了一个具有完备电压等级的网络。并且分析了谐波从低电压等级到高压交流系统的传递规律,得到了220kV和500kV电压等级总谐波畸变率和谐波电流的限值;500kV侧引入了UHVDC作为谐波电流源,考察了谐波从高压电网传递到低电压等级的传递规律,给出了500kV和220kV电压等级总谐波畸变率的建议值。     

TEST PROCEDURE FOR VERY HIGH SPEED SPINDLE MOTORS

Abstract

In the last ten years, the new power electronic devices and the new control techniques have allowed to open new application fields for adjustable speed/torque electrical drives. Although the traditional dc drives keep still the market supremacy, the new ac drives have performance really attractive and some additional benefits due to the machine structure and to the maintenance costs. Usually, ac drives use induction or brushless motors and the power amplifiers are driven by variable voltage/frequency in order to obtain variable speed. The authors deal with induction motors fed by non conventional supplies at very high frequency. In order to evaluate the total motor losses and the single items, a test bench with a synchronous machine capable to work up to 2 kHz with sinusoidal output voltage has been set up. As a consequence, an induction motor equivalent circuit with parameters depending on the frequency has been proposed. Today, the empirical procedure is that to use for high frequency applications shelf motors derated of a factor 10 to 20 % in order to keep into account the extra harmonic losses. On the other hand, the authors propose to design ‘ad hoc’ the motors for six-steps continuous operation in order to get about the same efficiency of standard motors. The new proposed motor equivalent circuit together with the test procedure seem to be a practical tool in order to aid the new motor design.     

Torque ripple minimization with optimized <Emphasis Type="Italic">i</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">sx</Emphasis></Subscript> estimation in vector control of current source inverter induction motor

In variable speed applications of high-power induction motors, current source inverters are usually used instead of voltage source inverters. Power switches delay and switching losses in high-power ranges, prevents inverters to operate properly in high frequencies. So the voltage and current waveforms of the motor supply consist of high harmonic content causing a high-torque ripple. One of the parameters that influences the torque ripple most is the stator flux reference value. Motors do not usually operate in their nominal load. Therefore, the optimum value of the flux is not equal to the nominal value. In this paper, an optimal i _sx reference for vector control system of current source inverter fed induction motor is produced by applying a simple estimator. Simulation results show that torque ripple has been reduced, especially in the loads less than their nominal power, as significantly as power factor has been improved. Also flux reduction causes to noticeable reduction in core and switching losses.     

考虑牵引网谐波耦合的动车组辅助变流器启动特性分析

动车组辅助变流器运行在谐波含量较高的线路时频繁出现启动失败故障,线路试验结果表明牵引网高次谐波含量与启动失败存在相关性。为研究牵引网谐波电压对交直交型辅助变流器启动过程的影响,首先建立了车载单相变压器谐波模型,分析了牵引网谐波对车载牵引变压器辅助绕组的渗透特性。建立辅助变流器滤波电路谐波模型,对其串联谐振进行理论分析。建立单相不控桥式整流电路的数学模型,理论分析了交流侧谐波对不控整流电路的影响。对发生辅助变流器启动故障的CRH某型动车组的进行测试,对电压进行了谐波分析。根据实测数据对交直交型辅助变流器预充电过程进行仿真分析,与理论分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,牵引网谐波会明显渗透到车载牵引变压器辅助绕组,当滤波电路参数与牵引网谐波不匹配时,将激发滤波电路串联谐振,使滤波电容电压严重畸变,会使变流器不控整流阶段的直流侧电压升高,导致辅助变流器出现预充电启动失败故障。对深入研究谐波环境下动车组辅助变流器特性及滤波电路元件参数选取具有一定的指导意义。     

基于线性扩张状态观测器的电流谐波抑制

永磁同步电机（PMSM）的矢量控制系统中存在着齿槽转矩、逆变器电压死区和传感器检测误差等非理想因素,在电流环中引入了电流谐波,造成电机转矩脉动。本文构造了电流环线性扩张状态观测器（LESO）来抑制电流谐波;分析了LESO和整个电流环的稳定性,给出了电流环参数整定的依据;随后对采用LESO的电流环与采用传统PI控制器的电流环的谐波抑制性能进行了对比分析。最后通过仿真验证了采用LESO的电流环可以较好的抑制电流谐波,进而抑制了电机转矩脉动。