Multiple single-phase PWM inverter by means of combination control

A new multilevel inverter with simple circuit configuration and control is proposed here. The inverter is composed of a series connection of individual single-phase inverters. The number of the output voltage levels depends on the number of the individual inverters in series and their output voltage level. The switching devices in the new circuit configuration can be reduced by using a common switching-leg for the individual inverters. In this inverter circuit, the number of the levels is equal to 2^m-1 or 2^m where m is the number of switching-legs used. In the paper, a 15 level inverter using four switching legs (m = 4) is introduced. If the number of voltage levels is increased, smoother sinusoidal waveforms can be obtained directly and it is possible to control the output voltage almost continuously from zero to maximum without generating high-voltage step changes as pulsewidth modulation techniques. The control principle, the circuit configuration and the characteristics of the output voltage control are discussed. The feasibility of the circuit is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.     

Cascaded Common Nodal Point Multi-level Inverter Topology

Recent trends in the multi-level inverter (MLI) technology demand reduced number of switches, driver circuits, isolated DC sources, peak inverse voltage (PIV), appreciable number of voltage level, and lower total harmonic distortion. This paper presents an improved cascaded MLI configuration. Each module comprises ten switches, two isolated DC sources, and two capacitors; it can generate a maximum of 9-level output voltage waveform. Optimized switching sequence is developed that ensures minimum switching transitions and is implemented through single-carrier pulse width modulation for the control of the proposed topology. The classical cascaded H-bridge inverter and some recently developed MLI configurations were compared with the proposed inverter circuit. Results show that the proposed inverter configuration generates high number of output voltage levels with reduced number of power switches and PIV. It also has a lower per-unit power loss profile. Unit capacitor voltage balancing scheme is developed, which ensures proper control of the unit step voltage level in each of the cascaded modules, at extreme loading condition. For two cascaded inverter modules, simulation and experimental verifications are carried out on the proposed inverter for an R–L load. Simulation results of the output voltage waveforms and its harmonic spectrum are in conformity with experimental results.     

用于无刷直流电机驱动的谐振极软开关逆变器

用硬开关逆变器来驱动无刷直流电机会产生逆变器的开关损耗大和运行效率低的问题。为降低开关损耗,提出一种用于无刷直流电机驱动的新型谐振极软开关逆变器的拓扑结构,通过在传统硬开关逆变器的三相输出端添加辅助谐振电路,利用辅助电路中的高频变压器的等效电感与主开关并联的缓冲电容之间的谐振,实现逆变器主开关器件的零电压开关和辅助开关器件的零电流开关。依据不同工作模式下的等效电路图,分析了电路的换流过程和设计规则,并建立起了辅助谐振电路损耗的数学模型,讨论了谐振参数对辅助电路损耗的影响。制作了1台实验样机,实验结果表明逆变器的主开关和辅助开关都实现了软开关。该谐振极软开关逆变器能有效改善效率,降低开关损耗。     

一种新型谐振极型软开关逆变器

提出了一种控制简单的谐振极型软开关逆变器。用硬开关逆变器的SPWM控制方式实现开关器件的零电流开通和零电压关断,且通过拓扑结构中的储能元件,在死区时间内输出相电流可以续流,减小了输出相电流在低频时的畸变率。最后通过仿真和试验,验证了原理的正确性。     

串并联谐振DC-AC变换器原理分析、建模及仿真

针对串联谐振和并联谐振直流环节变换器存在的谐振峰值电压过高,谐振峰值电流过大的缺点,提出了串并联谐振直流环节变换器拓扑概念。新型软开关变换器的主要优点为：谐振峰值电压可以控制在输入直流电源电压Ｕｓ,谐振频率高,谐振电路开关元件少,控制简单,且各种ＰＷＭ调制策略均可适用。文中分析了该变换器的荼原理,建立了系统的数学模型,进行了多种工作条件下的计算机仿真与实验研究。仿真与实验结果证明了该新型变换器工作     

基于单周控制的三相光伏并网发电系统

单周控制具有结构简单、控制精度高、响应速度快等优点,三相并网逆变器的单周控制模型,将一个周波分为六个区间,每个区间只有两个开关器件处在高频开关状态下,减小了器件的开关频率,降低了并网电流的谐波畸变率,实现了单位功率因数输出。文中提出一种基于单周控制的防“孤岛效应”策略,有效地抑制了“孤岛效应”的产生。直流侧的Boost升压电路也采用单周控制,稳定了直流侧的电压,简化了电路,增强了实时性。最后通过仿真验证此方法的正确性。     

Switch-mode VAr compensator with minimized switching losses andenergy storage elements

A parallel-resonant DC link (PRDCL) circuit topology is proposed as an interface between DC voltage supply and the inverter to provide a short zero-voltage period in the DC link of the inverter to allow zero voltage switching in the switch-mode VAr compensator (SMVC). The circuit along with the SMVC can compensate for leading and lagging displacement power factors with a high switching frequency at significantly reduced switching losses. The new circuit is especially suitable for high-power SMVC applications using GTOs or other gate-turn-off devices. The circuit is analyzed in detail, and its operation principle is explained. Several design considerations are addressed, and the design formulas are obtained. The new topology and the overall system are verified by computer simulations     

零序分量注入型三电平感应电动机矢量控制系统

提出一种基于三电平中点箝位(NPC)逆变器的零序分量注入型感应电动机矢量控制方案。系统中使用快速电流控制的直接转子磁链定向矢量控制模式,由于定子电流是由快速电流环控制,因此系统中不用使用定子电压方程,并且不需要解耦电路。转子磁链位置角由磁通模型计算得到。感应电动机由三电平NPC逆变器供电,三电平NPC逆变器由于开关器件的电压应力是传统两电平逆变器开关器件上电压应力的一半,所以适合用于中压调速系统。逆变器控制采用开关优化PWM算法,通过注入零序分量,不但优化功率器件的开关频率,而且可以稳定中点电位。仿真结果表明,该方法在三电平逆变器供电的感应电动机上有效地实现了矢量控制,并且具有很好的性能。     

A Cascaded Multi-level Inverter Topology with Improved Modulation Scheme

This article proposes a single-phase, cascaded multilevel inverter topology. Each of the cascaded unit cells is made up of a main inverting H-bridge leg and a level-clamping half-bridge circuit. The single-carrier, multilevel pulse-width modulation scheme is employed to generate gating signals fort he power switches. The modulation scheme is hybridized to enable the output voltage of the proposed inverter configuration, inherit the features of switching-loss reduction from fundamental pulse-width modulation, and good harmonic performance from multiple sinusoidal pulse-width modulation. A sequential switching scheme is embedded with the already employed hybrid modulation to overcome unequal switching losses among the power devices. A simple base pulse-width modulation circulation scheme is also introduced in this work to get resultant sequential switching hybrid pulse-width modulation circulation that balances power dissipation among the power modules. The proposed inverter configuration was subjected to a resistor-inductor load, and the respective numbers of output voltage level were synthesized. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses of the output voltage waveforms were carried out. Analysis of the conduction power losses in the power semiconductor switches of the proposed inverter topology is given. Simulations and experiments are carried out on a 3.07-kW rated prototype of the proposed inverter for a resistor-inductor load.     

A New PV Converter for Grid Connection Through a High‐Leg Delta Transformer Using Cooperative Control of Boost Converters and Inverters

This paper proposes a new high‐efficiency photovoltaic (PV) converter for grid connection through a high‐leg delta transformer, which is composed of a symmetrically connected boost converter and three half‐bridge inverters. One of the three half‐bridge inverters is connected to the boost converter, and the others are directly connected to the PV terminals. This circuit configuration enables to reduce the power losses in both boost converter and inverter. This paper also proposes a new cooperative control method between the symmetrically connected boost converter and inverter. The control method can reduce the average switching frequency to 75% of that in a conventional one, resulting in a great reduction in switching power loss. Experimental results show that the proposed circuit improves its European efficiency from 91.6% to 94.5%.     

变压器辅助换流的谐振极型软开关逆变器

为提高逆变器的运行效率,提出了一种变压器辅助换流的谐振极型软开关逆变电路拓扑结构。该拓扑结构用高频变压器来辅助换流,没有设置串联在直流母线间的均压电容,解决了中性点电位变化问题。该逆变器的主开关和辅助开关均能完成软开关动作,并且所承受的电压都不高于直流电源电压。给出了一个开关周期内逆变器在不同工作模式下的等效电路图,详细阐述了该逆变器的工作过程,给出了软开关实现条件,并建立起了辅助电路损耗的数学模型,讨论了谐振参数对辅助电路损耗的影响。最后制作了一台4 k W的单相实验样机,实验结果表明逆变器中的开关器件都工作在软开关条件下。该有源谐振极型软开关逆变器可以有效提高效率,减小开关损耗。     

开关电感型单相五电平电流源逆变器

多电平电流源逆变器因具有高安全性、低输出谐波特性等优点得到广泛关注。提出了一种开关电感型单相五电平电流源逆变器,其直流控制单元采用Buck结构,为电感提供了独立的充放电回路,实现了电感电流控制与输出电流控制的完全解耦,使用较小电感即可控制电流稳定。所提逆变器采用开关电感结构形成多电平输出,减少了器件数目,利用其高度对称性可简化外围电路设计。针对于单相逆变器输入侧电感电流存在二倍频波动的问题,在传统比例积分控制的基础上,增加功率前馈控制,以储能电感在每个开关周期内实现电流恒定作为先决条件,折算不同状态下直流侧开关器件的占空比扰动量,在不增加电路复杂度的前提下,采用较少器件和小储能电感有效抑制了电感电流的二倍频波动,减小了输出电流中3次谐波含量和总谐波畸变率,提高了输出电能质量。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了所提拓扑和控制策略的可行性。     

直流母线串联辅助电路的谐振直流环节逆变器

为实现一种结构简单,控制方便,高效率,高功率密度的逆变器,提出了一种新型谐振直流环节软开关逆变器的拓扑结构。通过在传统硬开关逆变器的直流环节添加串联在直流母线上的辅助谐振单元,使直流母线电压周期性地归零,可以实现逆变桥主开关器件的零电压开关,而且辅助开关器件可以实现零电流开通和零电压关断。此外,辅助谐振单元只有一个辅助开关,硬件成本低。分析了电路的换流过程和设计规则,并建立起辅助谐振电路损耗的数学模型,讨论了谐振参数对辅助电路损耗的影响。制作了一个1 k W的实验样机,实验结果表明逆变器的主开关和辅助开关器件都实现了软开关,所以该软开关逆变器能有效地降低开关损耗和提高效率。     

Sinusoidal Pulse-width Modulated Three-phase Multi-level Inverter Topology

Abstract—This article presents a sinusoidal pulse-width modulated three-phase multi-level inverter topology. In this configuration, the basic two-level, three-phase inverter is modified to synthesize higher voltage levels by the insertion of two auxiliary switches per phase leg. The multi-level inverter configuration generates output voltage levels similar to the corresponding well-known conventional diode-clamped flying capacitors and cascaded H-bridge inverters but with fewer power circuit components and more simplicity. For output voltage and frequency variations demanded by such applications as variable-speed drives, active power filters, photovoltaic power conversions, etc., the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation technique is employed in the generation of the gating signals for the proposed three-phase multi-level inverter. A balanced three-phase R-L load is applied at the inverter output terminals, and the inverter performance is compared with that of other sinusoidal pulse-width modulated conventional multi-level inverter configurations. The validity of the proposed multi-level inverter topology and the modulation scheme are verified through simulations and experiments.     

Alleviation Technique for Thermal Concentration on Specific Switching Devices in Zero‐Speed Driving of PMSM

In this paper, a technique is proposed for alleviating the thermal concentration on specific switching devices by using a zero‐sequence voltage in a three‐level inverter that drives a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in a zero‐speed and high‐torque condition. The use of the PMSM in home electronics and industrial products has become widespread, since it can realize miniaturization and a high efficiency drive. However, a large DC current flows when the PMSM is used in a zero‐speed and high‐torque condition, for example, in the hill‐start of electric vehicles, start or stop of elevators, or servo lock of servo pressing machines, and so on. In these cases, the current flows in the specific switching devices and heat generation is locally concentrated. This problem is unavoidable in a conventional two‐level inverter. A technique that can change the current path in a three‐level inverter and control the losses generated in the switching devices is proposed. We evaluated the effects of the proposed technique through a circuit simulation in which the electrical characteristics of a commercially available power device were applied. The proposed technique can reduce the highest loss of the switching devices in the three‐level inverter by about 40% as compared to that in a conventional inverter. Moreover, a method is proposed that suppresses the neutral point potential variation between the power supplies. This method can also reduce the maximum loss of the specific switching devices by about 30%.     

Modified multilevel inverter employing half- and full-bridge cells with cascade transformer and its extension to photovoltaic power generation

For the use of stand-alone photovoltaic inverters, it presents a modified multilevel inverter employing a half- and full-bridge cells with a cascade transformer. The circuit configuration is based on a prior (3ⁿ⁻¹ + 2) level inverter. Among full-bridge cells employed in the prior inverter, one cell is substituted by a half-bridge cell. Owing to this simple alteration, the proposed inverter has three promising merits. First it can increase the number of output voltage levels resulted in high quality output voltages. Second, it can reduce two power switches by means of employing a half-bridge cell. Third, it can reduce power imposed on a transformer connected with the half-bridge unit. That is to say, most power is transferred to loads via transformers connected with low switching inverters, which are used to synthesize the fundamental output voltage levels whereas the output of a transformer linked to a high switching inverter is used to improve final output voltage waves; thus, it is desirable in the viewpoint of the improvement of the system efficiency. By comparing to the prior inverter, it assesses the performance of the proposed inverter as a stand-alone photovoltaic inverter. The validity of the proposed inverter is verified by computer-aided simulations and experimental results.     

无中性点电位变化的并联谐振软开关逆变器

为了实现逆变器的高效率和高性能运行,提出一种新型直流母线并联谐振零电压过渡软开关逆变器,通过在传统硬开关逆变器的直流环节添加辅助谐振单元,实现了逆变桥开关器件的软开关动作,同时,辅助谐振单元的开关也为软开关动作。此外,电路中避免了使用大电容,没有中性点电位的变化问题。该电路对谐振元件和辅助开关的功率要求较低,控制简单且不依赖于负载条件。对其工作原理进行分析,给出不同工作模式下的等效电路图和回路的参数设计方法。制作一个10kW的实验样机,通过实验结果验证该软开关逆变器的有效性。     

开关电感型quasi-Z源光伏逆变器研究

常规的Z源逆变器具有任意升降压的功能,同时其所需要的开关器件数量比普通升降压电路少,其单级式结构体积小效率高,而从传统Z源逆变器发展出来的quasi-Z源逆变器,不仅具有所有传统Z源逆变器的优点,同时可以降低器件的应力并减小开关纹波。本文提出的开关电感型quasi-Z源逆变器利用电感和二极管的组合取代了传统quasi-Z源电路中的电感,既保留了传统quasi-Z源电路的优点,同时提高了逆变器的升压倍数和电路的可靠性,而电容电压应力及电感电流应力比开关电感型Z源逆变器低,特别适合于光伏发电等新能源发电领域。通过利用改进的SVPWM控制算法对开关电感型quasi-Z源光伏逆变器进行仿真及实验,验证了该电路及算法的可靠性、稳定性及有效性,适合于光伏发电并网系统。     

零电压持续时间不依赖于负载电流的谐振直流环节逆变器

为改善逆变器的效率和性能,提出一种具有谐振直流环节的新型零电压软开关逆变器。通过在传统硬开关逆变器的直流环节添加辅助谐振单元,实现了逆变桥开关器件的零电压软开关动作。其辅助谐振单元中,只有2个辅助开关器件,控制相对简单,零电压持续时间不依赖于负载条件,而且电路中避免了使用大电容,没有中性点电位的变化问题。对其工作原理进行分析,给出不同工作模式下的等效电路图和软开关的实现条件。制作一个10 kW的实验样机,通过实验结果验证了该软开关逆变器的有效性。     

DIGITAL SIMULATION OF A CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER FEEDING AN INDUCTION MOTOR

Abstract

A new digital simulation model of the auto sequentially communicated inverter supplying an induction motor is presented. All normal and abnormal operations of the system can be accurately described by this model. Moreover, all the possible behavior modes occurring during the above operations can be predicted without describing each particular circuit configuration, as it was in previous digital simulation approaches. The computer running time concerning with several simulations makes the proposed method a useful tool comparable to analog techniques in order to study such a system