Numerical algorithm for medium voltage overhead lines protection and adaptive autoreclosure

In this paper a new numerical algorithm for medium voltage overhead line protection and autoreclosure is presented. It is based on one terminal data processing and it is derived in the time domain. In the algorithm, the fault location and fault nature (arcing or arcless fault) are estimated using the linear least error squares estimation technique. An arc occurring on the fault point during arcing faults on overhead lines is included in the consideration of the problem. Additionally, by introducing the pre-fault load current in the existing model, better algorithm performances are achieved. The algorithm is derived for the case of a three-phase symmetrical fault. The computer simulation results of the algorithm testing are presented and, in particular, the algorithm sensitivity to arc elongation effects and processing of the signals in the presence of harmonics is tested and analysed.     

使用两端非同步测量法的特高压串联补偿双回线路故障定位仪(英文)

An accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines is presented.Use of two-end unsynchronized measurements of current and voltage signals is considered.The algorithm applies two subroutines,designated for locating faults on particular line sections,and additionally the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine.The subroutines are formulated with use of the generalized fault loop model and the distributed parameter line model is applied.Performed ATP-EMTP based evaluation has shown the validity of the derived fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.     

Numerical algorithm for overhead lines arcing faults detection anddistance and directional protection

In this paper, an overhead lines protection numerical algorithm, based on one terminal data and derived in the time domain, is presented. The fault location, direction and its nature (arcing or arcless fault) are estimated using the least error squares technique. The faulted phase voltage is modeled as a serial connection of fault resistance and arc voltage, offering more sophisticated line protection. The algorithm can be applied for both ordinary and the high impedance faults detection, distance protection, intelligent autoreclosure, as well as for the purpose of directional relaying. The approach presented does not require the line zero sequence resistance as an input datum. The algorithm is derived for the case of the most frequent single-phase to ground unsymmetrical faults. The results of algorithm testing through computer simulation are given. The influence of remote infeed, fault resistance, higher order harmonies, power system frequency, network topology, line parameters and other factors are investigated and systematically presented. Finally, an example of real life data processing is given     

单端行波故障测距的频域方法

研究了故障行波的频谱与故障距离以及线路终端的系统条件3者的关系,特别是线路终端的系统等效阻抗对行波频谱的影响。在此基础上,提出了频域的单端行波故障测距方法。首先提取故障行波的频率主成分,确定在此单一频率下的波速、系统端和故障点反射角,然后计算出故障距离。分析了单相高阻接地故障时行波频谱的特点及算法的误差。用不同故障距离和故障类型的仿真算例对算法的精度进行了验证。     

基于故障分量的配电网单端量测距方法

为了消除负荷电流对配电网单相接地故障测距精度的影响,提出了基于故障分量的单端量测距方法。该方法根据横向故障电流的特征构造了测距函数,利用线路单端电压、电流的故障分量来计算故障距离。大量的ATP-EMTP仿真结果表明该方法不受负荷电流的影响,可以有效地搜索到配电网多分支线路的故障点或故障范围。     

Time domain solution of fault distance estimation and arcing faultsdetection on overhead lines

In this paper a new numerical algorithm for arcing faults detection and fault distance estimation is presented. The solution is given in the time domain. It is based on the line terminal voltages and currents processing. A simple new mathematical model of arc voltage is introduced in the estimation. Thereby, the more accurate approach to fault location is derived, particularly for the close-in faults. The new algorithm can be utilized for blocking the automatic reclosing. The unknown model parameters, including the line resistance and inductance, fault resistance and arc voltage amplitude, are estimated by using the least error squares method. The new algorithm is successfully tested through computer simulation and laboratory tests     

基于故障定位算法的配电网自动化

对配电网的故障定位问题进行了分析,针对我国配电网网络结构和基于FTU的馈线自动化自动控制模式的特点,提出了一种能适合树型配电网故障定位的新算法,建立了停电呼叫和故障诊断两种子算法模型,并通过一个实例算例证明了这种新的故障定位算法的可行性.     

基于改进双端法的输电线路行波故障定位

行波波速的不确定往往给行波故障定位带来较大误差。为了克服行波波速对输电线路故障行波定位的影响,提出了一种利用同一条线路的三个测量点进行故障定位的方法。在双端行波故障定位原理的基础上,构造了一个三测点的定位系统,推导出不受行波波速影响的故障定位新算法。该方法利用小波变换确定故障初始行波到达三个测量点的时间即可实现故障定位,与以往方法相比避免了因行波反射衰减无法测量而导致定位失败。PSCAD仿真结果表明,该方法定位精度高,且简单易行。     

一种考虑线路参数变化的输电线路双端测距算法

在输电线路运仃过程中，其线路参数并非固定不变，而是随环境条件的不同会有一定的变化，这种变化会对故障测距的精度产生很大的影响。本文提出一种基于参数估计和分布参数模型的双端测距算法，该算法仪使用故障前后电压电流的正序分量，将线路正序参数、故障距离和两端非同步误差等量作为未知量，利用故障发生时刻前后输电线路两端的电压电流相量求解非线性方程组来获得这些未知量，能在线估计出线路参数的变化，提高了测距精度。EMTP仿真结果和实际数据的验证均表明，该算法较之不带参数估计的算法测距精度明显提高，尤其在线路参数不准确的情况下，该算法具有很强的参数自适应能力和很高的测距精度。     

基于静态小波变换的 T 型输电线路行波测距方法

针对现有 T 型输电线路行波测距算法易受行波波速影响的不足,提出一种新的 T 型输电线路行波测距方法.采用 Clarke 变换将相电流转换为独立的模电流,对模电流进行静态小波变换(static wavelet transform,SWT)处理,实现各行波浪涌到达各母线端时刻的标定.首先利用首波头到达三端母线的3个初始时刻定义隶属度,给出利用隶属度实现故障支路判别的判据.运用已有的两端测距公式推导三端测距公式,实现 T 型线路故障点测距.研究了 T 节点附近的3种可能性故障情况,提出三次测距方法,使 T 节点附近故障测距问题得到很好的解决.与现有测距方法相比, SWT 具有时间不变性,故障点的测距过程中充分利用 T 型输电线路的三端测量数据,测距公式中不含波速,因此,所提方法具有测距可靠且精度高的特点. ATP/EMTP 仿真验证表明,所提 T 型输电线路行波测距方法简单可行,且不受过渡电阻、故障类型等因素的影响     

一种不受波速影响的T型输电线路故障定位方法

为了解决行波波速的不确定性对故障定位影响的问题,针对T型输电线路,提出一种不受波速影响的故障定位方法。该方法主要包含两个部分:故障支路判断矩阵的建立和故障点的精确定位。首先,根据故障初始行波到达时刻建立一种新的故障支路判断矩阵,利用该矩阵的元素特征实现故障支路的判断,同时该矩阵不包含行波波速的任何信息;其次,在双端行波故障定位原理的基础上推导出一种与波速无关的故障点定位方法。理论推导表明,该方法两部分均不受行波波速的影响。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够准确检测到故障初始行波到达测量点的时刻,进而确定故障支路,并精确定位故障点。该方法消除了行波波速对故障定位的影响,同时,定位精度不受故障类型和过渡电阻的影响。     

基于单端电气量的故障测距算法

本文提出了一种单端故障测距算法。根据零序电网不含负荷的特点，利用故障相电路和零序等值电路，推导出了一个精确的接地故障测距模型，消除了接地过渡电阻和对端运行状况的影响。本算法不同于以往的基于频域的正弦稳态算法．利用拉氏变换与Z-变换的关系，由频域变换到Z域，再进行Z反变换转换到时域，是一种基于时问域的测距算法。文章先对该方法进行了理论推导，然后利用EMTP对其进行数字仿真，结果证明了该算法的正确性。     

An adaptive PMU based fault detection/location technique fortransmission lines. I. Theory and algorithms

An adaptive fault detection/location technique based on a phasor measurement unit (PMU) for an EHV/UHV transmission line is presented. A fault detection/location index in terms of Clarke components of the synchronized voltage and current phasors is derived. The line parameter estimation algorithm is also developed to solve the uncertainty of parameters caused by aging of transmission lines. This paper also proposes a new discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based algorithm (termed the smart discrete Fourier transform, SDFT) to eliminate system noise and measurement errors such that extremely accurate fundamental frequency components can be extracted for calculation of fault detection/location index. The EMTP was used to simulate a high voltage transmission line with faults at various locations. To simulate errors involved in measurements, Gaussian-type noise has been added to the raw output data generated by EMTP. Results have shown that the new DFT based method can extract exact phasors in the presence of frequency deviation and harmonics. The parameter estimation algorithm can also trace exact parameters very well. The accuracy of both new DFT based method and parameter estimation algorithm can achieve even up to 99.999% and 99.99% respectively, and is presented in Part II. The accuracy of fault location estimation by the proposed technique can achieve even up to 99.9% in the performance evaluation, which is also presented in Part II     

基于线路分段参数的非全程同塔双回线故障定位算法

对非全程同塔双回输电线路故障定位问题进行研究。首先,对非全程同塔双回线的特点进行分析,并针对传统伪根识别法无法适用于非全程同塔双回线故障定位的问题,在分析伪根存在与否的基础上,提出一种换模量伪根识别算法,该算法可以有效识别故障支路与非故障支路的伪根情况。进而,提出一种基于非全程同塔双回线路分段参数的双端工频量故障定位算法,该算法将故障支路辨识与故障点定位相结合,在线路全程内均可完成故障定位,不受故障类型、各端数据不同步和过渡电阻等因素影响。ATP-EMTP仿真结果表明,所提算法可行、有效。     

基于分布参数模型的高压输电线路故障测距算法

输电线路故障定位一直是电力系统亟待解决的难题,快速准确的故障定位对电力系统有极为重要的意义,由于传统的单端法故障测距易受过渡电阻和对端肋增电流的影响,基于集中参数电路模型的故障测距算法又不适用于长线路测距,中提出一种只使用输电线路参数和２端电气量的基于分布参数电路模型的输电线路故障这位方法。并利用相模变化来减少实际线路的不换位和线路参数不平衡的影响,最后在模域求解故障距离。ＥＭＴＰ仿真结果表明,     

带串联电容补偿装置的高压输电线路双端故障测距新算法

快速准确地得到输电线路故障距离对电力系统运行有着重要的意义。对于带串联电容补偿装置的输电线路(串补线路)，由于串联电容的存在以及串联电容并联保护元件MOVs的非线性，现有的故障测距算法并不能直接应用到串补线路的故障测距中。因此，提出了一种采用双端电气量的串补线路故障测距新算法，该算法对MOVs采用指数模型模拟，MOVs上的电压降通过拟牛顿法求解，线路采用分布参数模型。EMTP仿真结果表明该算法具有很好的准确性和鲁棒性，且不受过渡电阻、故障类型、故障位置故障发生角等的影响，其算例的测距精度均在0．5％以内。     

一种双端测距算法的伪根问题与改进

双端故障测距由于不受过渡电阻和系统阻抗等因素的影响,得到了广泛的关注。但在利用长线方程沿线推导故障点电压幅值的测距算法中,原理上存在伪根的可能性,在某些情况下,会得到错误的测距结果,因此需要对该测距算法进行改进。该文首先对产生伪根的原因进行了深入地分析,并在此基础上,对原算法进行了改进,提出了判别伪根的原则,使其更具通用性,并利用EMTP程序仿真验证了改进后的测距算法。     

基于分布参数线路模型的精确故障测距算法

为消除负荷电流和线路模型不准确给双端量故障测距带来的影响,提出一种基于分布参数线路模型的精确测距算法。算法以均匀传输线的波动方程(长线方程)为基础,利用线路两端电压、电流的正序故障分量以及线路正序参数直接计算故障距离。算法无需故障类型判别,不受系统阻抗、故障电阻、负荷电流以及分布电容的影响。基于EMTP的数字仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性和高精度。     

基于同步相量测量技术的配电网故障定位

配电网的故障定位是配电网自动化系统中的一项高级功能。为此,针对配电网的特点,结合同步相量测量技术对节点电压方程进行了处理,导出了一种新型的故障定位矩阵算法。该算法具有较强的通用性,求解过程简单快捷,故障定位快速,对于部分类型的故障还可以具体解出故障距离。最后结舍IEEE13节点系统和[EEE36节点系统,说明了该算法的定位方法并证实了其有效性。     

基于分布式行波检测的配电网单相接地故障定位方法

为解决复杂树型配电网长期存在的单相接地故障精确定位难题,分析了故障行波模量的传输特性,提出了一种基于两种行波原理组合的故障定位新方法。该方法首先建立多端定位算法查找故障主干线路,缩小故障定位范围;然后提出基于行波模量时差的双端定位算法,利用行波线模分量与零模分量的行波传输时差准确计算故障距离;最后,综合利用多端与双端定位结果确定故障精确位置。经仿真验证,该方法仅需在部分配电线路末端安装行波定位装置即可实现配电网全网线路的精确故障定位,有效节省了装置投资成本,具有数据处理量少、算法实现简单等优点。