故障电流限制器的晶闸管阀触发与监测系统

在不改变电网结构的情况下,故障电流限制器作为一种全新的解决方案可用来解决由于负荷中心大电源投入和系统互联所引起的系统短路电流增加的问题。主要侧重于故障电流限制器的晶闸管阀触发与监测系统的研究。首先,介绍故障电流限制器的结构以及工作原理;然后介绍晶闸管阀触发与监测系统的构成,重点突出触发系统的原理、监测系统的原理和TE板的原理以及各自的实现方式,并提出了一种VBE与TE板之间的可实现逻辑时序;最后,通过低压试验验证了晶闸管触发与监测系统的可行性。     

新型无触点调匝式消弧线圈的研制

随着中压配电网的不断延伸以及电力电缆的大量使用,电网对地电容电流越来越大,为此,设计了一种新型无触点调匝式消弧线圈,该设计用电力电子器件晶闸管代替传统的机械式分接开关,调节过程中无电弧且动作迅速.消弧线圈主电路新颖合理,采用限流电阻最少的方案,通过晶闸管的配合通断,能快速将消弧线圈的分接头调整到合适的档位,将接地点故障电流限制在允许范围内.     

基于电流差动的直流配电网保护方案

针对直流配电网在发生短路故障时,短路电流上升迅速,直流断路器无法快速动作从而切除故障的问题,首先基于三相两电平电压源换流器构建直流配网的电源模块。分析了单端电源向无源网络供电时发生极间短路故障和单极接地短路故障的故障特征,提出了一种低电压保护和电流差动保护联合的保护方案,并且通过投切后备电源提高了供电的可靠性。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC平台中进行了仿真验证,结果表明在直流配网发生短路故障时,该保护能够快速可靠动作,并具有良好的选择性和灵敏性。     

一种大电源接入电网接入点选取合理性的评估方法

合理确定大电源接入点对于分层分区、合理化电网结构具有重要意义。为此,研究了基于综合权重的改进灰色关联分析法对大电源接入点选取合理性进行评估的方法。该评估方法选取短路电流、潮流分布、网损、稳定性、N-1故障校验结果作为综合评价的指标,并且采用整体短路电流水平、潮流熵、网损、V-Q灵敏度、N-1故障过负荷线路条数来定量描述上述评价指标。为避免单一赋权法的局限性,首先采用组合赋权法确定各指标的综合权重,然后利用基于综合权重的改进灰色关联分析法对大电源接入点选取方案进行综合评估,最后利用PSD电力系统分析软件进行仿真。仿真算例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

断相加短路故障计算的等值双端电源相分量法

提出了一种含有固态限流器的电力系统断相加短路故障计算的等值双端电源相分量法。首先,给出一种新的断相加短路故障的模拟方法。该方法在相坐标下,通过在虚拟故障端口与大地之间连接一条阻抗支路模拟固态限流器和短路故障,在虚拟端口之间连接一条阻抗支路模拟断相故障。然后,基于二端口网络理论,将复杂网络简化成仅含有2个节点的双端电源等值电路,利用相序变换技术,在相坐标下将断相加短路故障模拟成等值的双端电源节点之间的连接。所提方法的主要特点在于:可方便地计及固态限流器和故障点的接触电阻的影响;取消了复杂的序网连接。算例表明:该方法是分析含有固态限流器的电力系统断相加短路故障计算的一种有效的方法。     

A THYRISTORIZED A.C. VOLTAGE CONTROLLER WITH SINUSOIDAL OUTPUT

ABSTRACT

In this paper a thyristor voltage controller suitable for high power loads is presented. A load voltage higher than that of the supply can be obtained without difficulty. Thyrsitor switches are used in a secondary circuit such that voltage control is achieved via flux level variation of an output coil. The load voltage is varied in steps which can be made as narrow as desired but distortion and switching transients in the load circuit are avoided. Theoretical and experimental results of a prototype are presented and compared. If the load is an inductor, the proposed arrangement can be used as a variable reactive power compensator without harmonic current injection into the mains supply.     

考虑轨地回路分布式参数的直流牵引供电系统双端稳态故障测距算法

针对城市轨道直流牵引供电系统短路故障定位困难的问题,提出了一种考虑轨地回路分布式参数的双端稳态故障测距算法。在发生短路故障后,利用故障区间相邻牵引变电所馈线直流开关柜的测试电路将直流牵引网电压施加在接触网与钢轨之间,利用2次测量的牵引网端口电阻进行故障测距。在考虑钢轨-大地两层回流结构的基础上,对分布式参数的轨地回路进行T型等效,通过解析计算得到故障距离与端口电阻的表达式。该方法不需要增加额外的故障测距设备且不需要双端数据的同步,不受接触电阻和暂态过程中的钢轨阻抗频率特性的影响。利用CDEGS仿真软件模拟直流牵引供电系统故障,讨论了不同接触电阻、故障点位置、过渡电阻以及电压、电流测量装置测量误差对故障测距精度的影响。在实验室小功率平台上采用裸导线模拟完全绝缘和较低过渡电阻的2种情况,结果验证了所提故障测距算法的有效性和实用性。     

ELECTROMAGNETIC FAULT CURRENT LIMITER (EMFCL)

ABSTRACT

Due to electrical power system expansion, the utility systems are faced with fault currents higher than the momentary and interrupting capabilities of the equipment installed. One method, to convert the problem, is to use a fault current limiter. The limiter must limit the peak current to a level below that of the momentary capabilities of the system components and limit the subsequent current peaks to a level which allows correct relay operation within the interrupting capabilities of the circuit breakers. This paper describe the design and modeling of a new device for limiting the fault currents. Tliis device is an electromagnetic circuit consisting of an iron core and armature with adjustable air gap. With load current, the device has minimum impedance at the supply frequency. During fault conditions, the fault current is used to give the operating force needed to change the device inductance to the maximum impedance. The fault current limiter is successfully modeled using a digital computer and validated in the laboratory.     

直流电网输电线路短路故障的单端化近似解析计算方法

基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电技术(MMC-HVDC)是消纳可再生清洁能源,构建直流电网的核心技术。输电线路短路故障是直流电网常见故障,其故障电流水平影响着直流电网关键设备的参数设计。以张北直流电网为对象,通过网络开环、健全极开路、接地支路独立化和戴维南等效等方法,逐步解耦降阶,建立了去耦合的单端口简化模型。提出了直流电网短路故障的单端化近似解析计算方法。所提计算方法在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台上得到了验证,对故障电流影响因素分析和故障电流水平抑制具有参考意义。     

柔性直流分区技术在多直流馈入的受端电网中的应用研究

多直流馈入的受端电网由于多直流落点受端系统的交直流相互作用复杂、直流馈入功率大,存在着交流故障引起多条直流同时发生换相失败的风险、区域间潮流交换困难、短路电流水平超标等问题.柔性直流输电以其快速灵活的调节功率、不增加系统短路容量等优越特性,在远距离大容量输电、异步联网等方面获得了广泛的应用.利用柔性直流输电的技术优势来...     

利用电流故障特征的大功率整流装置故障在线诊断方法

针对大功率整流装置单管直通、开路及单相交流进线开路等三种单元件故障,分析了故障电流特征,提出了一种根据电流故障特征在线诊断故障的方法。单管直通时,根据计算得到的直流电流理论值将大于直流电流实测值,且故障相与非故障相的直流分量符号相反,可确定故障元件所在相别,再根据故障相直流分量正负可确定故障元件所在共阳或共阴组别。对单管开路和单相交流进线开路,若滑窗计算得到相电流直流分量持续大于某一整定值时判定为单管开路故障,再通过直流分量极性确定故障元件所在组别;若相电流直流分量先增大超过某一整定值后再减少至0,判定为单相交流进线开路,根据故障相电流基波幅值最小确定开路相别。仿真结果表明,该方法可快速诊断出故障,适用于多重化并联整流电路的故障诊断场合,具有一定的理论与实用价值。     

REI等值法用于多节点配电系统短路电流计算的研究

对扩展的径向等值不变性等值网络应用局部节点等值方程进行了研究,提出了将ＲＥＩ等值法用于多节点配电系统短路电流计算,将外部系统中的电源等值联接地边界节点上,将边界节点归入保留节点。将原有源节点变成无源节点。简化了多节点配置电系统短路电流计算的数学模型,使短路电流计算程序更简便,实用,计算精度明显提高。     

Multi objective optimal allocation of fault current limiters in power system

Transmission systems, connection of distributed generation to the grid are increased due to increase in power demands. This fact causes the increase in short circuit level of power networks. The occurrence of fault in such networks leads to large short circuit currents throughout the system, which may exceed the rating of existing circuit breakers and can damage system equipment. There are some approaches to reduce this fault current such as power network reinforcement and utilization of fault current limiter (FCLs) in power systems. Power system reinforcement is too difficult if not impractical. Therefore, the utilization of FCLs can provide an effective way to suppress fault currents. The effectiveness of FCL depends on the number of FCLs and their installation location. In this paper, a novel approach is presented to determine the optimal number and location of FCLs to improve the power network reliability and fault current reduction based on different conflicting objective functions. IEEE 39 BUS system and IEEE 57 BUS system are considered to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The objective functions considered for the optimal allocation are reliability of power system, economic impact and short circuit current reduction. Unlike what has been previously done in literature, in this paper Pareto based optimization algorithms, namely non-dominated sorting algorithm, multiobjective particle swarm optimization and multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, are utilized to deal with this problem. The use of these methods made it possible to obtain the Pareto optimal front in which these objective functions are optimized simultaneously.     

一种基于光纤传输的宽频带冲击大电流测量系统的研究

特高压换流阀在实际运行中往往会受到雷电冲击过电压和操作冲击过电压的影响,为了检验换流阀在电力系统过电压作用下换流阀组件的均压效果,笔者开发了一套基于光纤传输的小尺寸、便携式冲击大电流测量系统,能很好地测量悬浮电位电流,其电流探头为开口式,测量时不需断开被测导线。其频带为140Hz～19MHz,灵敏度5mV/A,能测量300A以内的冲击电流,满足对大功率晶闸管阻尼回路电流测量的要求。试验结果表明,该系统能很好地测量处于高电压悬浮电位的晶闸管阻尼回路中的冲击电流。     

基于故障稳态分量的含DG配电网自适应方向电流保护方案

针对分布式电源(DG)大量接入配电网后保护可靠性低的问题,提出一种基于故障稳态分量的自适应方向电流保护方案。分析不同类型DG的故障暂态特性以及故障等值方法,计算系统短路电流所含分量,并揭示短路电流三相分量之间的关系。在此基础上,根据故障边界条件,获取系统故障稳态分量,再结合保护安装处的测量电压及测量电流,计算保护背侧等值电压和等值阻抗,构造不同故障类型下自适应方向电流保护判据。仿真结果表明该方案不受DG类型、DG出力以及系统运行方式影响,并能有效地防止电压跌落引起的延时保护拒动。     

直流故障下基于交流侧馈能的MMC换流站主动限流策略

模块化多电平换流器(modular multi-level converter, MMC)直流侧发生接地短路时,故障电流具有上升快、峰值高的特点。为减小断路器开断应力,从能量角度出发,对子模块和桥臂动态过程进行分析,建立考虑交流侧功率影响的直流故障下MMC等效放电模型,推导出了故障电流表达式。提出一种基于交流侧馈能的主动限流策略,通过引入前馈控制,对含物理限流电阻的控制框图进行变换,等效增大直流侧限流电阻。并对其参数进行整定,进而将故障时电容部分能量馈入交流侧,达到了降低故障时电流上升率和电流峰值的目的。该控制方式不仅抑制交流侧电源向故障点放电,而且减小了直流电容向故障点的放电电流。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC中建立了四端环状MMC输电网模型,验证了所提方案的可行性。     

Fault analysis of the interconnecting system between a commercial‐scale subsonic diagonal‐type MHD generator and an ac power system

Fault analyses are performed for the interconnecting system between a commercial‐scale subsonic diagonal‐type MHD generator and an ac power system through a line‐commutated inverter. The behavior of the interconnecting system is first examined for the case of single misfiring of one thyristor in the inverter. In this case, the load current increases because the inverter system is short‐circuited. Following the theory of inverter commutation, the load current decreases to the rated value and the MHD generator is restored to the rated condition. Next, the cases of a single‐line ground fault and of a three‐phase short circuit fault are investigated. The line voltage decreases and thus the load currents increase after the fault. This increase of load currents destroys the design‐point flow of the MHD generator. Phase‐control angle control of the inverters is required in order to restore the rated operation of the MHD generator. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(1): 29–36, 2001     

基于电压源换流器的直流配电限流方案研究

为了限制直流配电网中电压源换流器(Voltage Source Converters,VSC)直流侧发生两极短路故障时的直流侧故障电流,研究了其故障发生时的暂态过程,并对交流侧连接双向晶闸管(AC side connecting Double Thyristors,ACDTS)的保护方案进行分析。针对ACDTS直流侧电流过大问题,提出了利用单向晶闸管以及并联电阻电感的方式对其改进。利用PSCAD/EMTDC对改进ACDTS方案进行直流侧故障仿真,并与传统的直流侧线路故障以及ACDTS保护方案下的直流侧故障相互对比。仿真结果表明,利用改进ACDTS保护方案可以有效地限制直流侧故障电流。     

一种实现柔直系统快速恢复的自取能故障阻尼器

针对半桥模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的直流双极短路和单桥臂短路2种典型故障工况,分析了其故障通路和电流波形,并提出相应的桥臂阻尼方案,推导了阻尼电阻的设计依据。提出一种新型自取能模块化故障阻尼器拓扑,分析了其工作模式以及对MMC的影响。该阻尼器串联在MMC的桥臂中,解决了高电位取能问题,实现了阻尼器的自取能,在直流双极短路故障时起到限流和衰减作用,加快故障端的切除,实现柔直系统的快速恢复;在单桥臂短路故障时可以衰减阀侧交流电流的直流分量,有助于阀侧交流开关的跳开。结合工程上使用的MMC结构,提出了即插即用的模块化故障阻尼器实施方案。在舟山五端柔直仿真系统中验证了所提自取能模块化故障阻尼器拓扑的有效性。     

A REFINED GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR FAULT SECTION ESTIMATION IN POWER SYSTEMS USING THE TIME SEQUENCE INFORMATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

ABSTRACT

A new method to fault section estimation in power systems by using the time sequence information of tripped circuit breakers is presented. The main contributions of this paper include the following three aspects: a. the mathematical model of the fault section estimation problem by using the time sequence information of the tripped circuit breakers at the actuating time zone of any protective relay is proposed for the first time; b. an efficient method to identify the faulty subnetworks is developed by using the information from circuit breakers. In this way the fault diagnosis can be fulfilled in a very short time for large scale power systems and can be implemented online; c. a new method based upon Refined Genetic Algorithm(RGA) is used to solve the fault section estimation problem. Test results for there sample power systems have shown that the RGA method can find multiple optimal solutions directly and efficiently in a single run.