水热条件下钛酸钠盐纳米晶须与纳米管的选择制备

以溶胶、无定形及晶态的TiO2为原料，在合适的温度和氢氧化钠浓度下，水热合成了直径1～2nm的钛酸钠盐纳米晶须和孔径～3．5nm的纳米管。用XRD、TEM、N2吸附-脱附法分别表征了产物的组成、形貌和孔结构。以不同TiO2原料，控制反应液中有机杂质的含量，可得到晶须、纳米管或两者的混合物。     

KOH碱性环境中TiO_2纳米管的水热制备及机理探讨

以锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粉体为前驱体,KOH溶液为水热介质,采用水热法成功地制备出TiO2纳米管.研究了水热条件及后处理过程对TiO2纳米管形貌、晶型结构的影响,并对TiO2纳米管的形成机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,经140℃水处理24h、酸洗干燥、400℃恒温煅烧2h后,可得到多层中空、两端开口的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管.     

一维钛纳米材料的SEM和TEM形貌研究

在10mol／L氢氧化钠溶液中，以溶胶状纳米TiO2为钛源，分别于150℃和180℃采用水热法合成了钛纳米晶须和钛纳米线；以金红石型纳米TiO2为原料在150℃水热合成了钛纳米管。用扫描隧道显微镜（SEM）、电子透射电镜（TEM）对产物进行了表征，结果表明钛酸钠纳米晶须扫描形貌为球形颗粒状，透射形貌为直径l～3nm针尖...     

水热温度和酸洗浓度对水热法合成钛酸盐纳米管的影响

以P25纳米粉体和NaOH为原料,采用水热合成法制备出钛酸盐纳米管。通过TEM和XRD表征手段,研究了水热温度和酸洗浓度对钛酸盐纳米管微观形貌和晶型组成的影响。结果表明,用去离子水或低浓度的酸处理反应产物时,纳米管的结构清晰完整,其成分主要是H2Ti2O5.H2O;用高浓度的酸处理反应产物时会破坏纳米管结构,其成分主要是锐钛矿型TiO2。反应温度对产物的微观结构和晶型组成也有显著影响:水热温度90℃时的产物只能得到膜状物和少量纳米管,而水热温度从110℃升至190℃时,纳米管的长度逐渐增长,而管径基本不变;低温反应得到的产物晶型与原料类似,较高反应温度的产物为锐钛矿。     

钛酸钾一维纳米结构的构筑及表征

以锐钛矿TiO2为起始原料,通过水热法制备了钛酸钾纳米管/棒,研究了在不同时间内合成不同长度和宽度的钛酸钾纳米管/棒的机理和形态的控制条件。用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明水热处理时间对产物形貌的控制有重要影响。处理温度在200℃下,不同的反应阶段得到钛酸钾不规则块状体、纳米管、纳米棒等结构。发现水热处理时间能对钛酸钾特定结构进行有效的控制,确定了水热处理时间和钛酸钾形貌结构的关系,从而可以通过选择反应的合理处理时间和温度,得到特定的钛酸钾纳米结构。此外还对比研究了后处理中加入酸处理时对产物的形貌和晶体结构的影响,发现酸处理过程中H+可取代K+,使得原来的单斜晶体K2Ti6O13转变为H2Ti3O7,从而让纳米棒表面更规整光滑。最后采用紫外-可见吸收光谱对比研究了各个阶段产物的光吸收性能。     

间歇碾磨在钛酸纳米管水热合成中的作用

针对静态水热法合成的钛酸纳米管纯度较低的缺点,在钛酸纳米管的水热合成过程中引入间歇碾磨步骤,显著提高了钛酸纳米管的纯度.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)/高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、比表面积测定等手段对钛酸纳米管的结构和性质进行了表征.结果表明,与静态水热法相比,在钛酸纳米管的水热合成过程中引入间歇碾磨步骤后不仅使所合成的钛酸纳米管的纯度明显提高,而且使纳米管的比表面积和热稳定性明显增加.     

电泳沉积法制备钛酸纳米管膜层

采用水热合成法制备钛酸钠纳米管,然后依次与HNO3,正四丁基氢氧化铵水溶液(TBAOH)离子交换后,经过高速离心,将所得沉淀物分散于无水乙醇溶液中,并应用电泳沉积的方法成功地在不锈钢或导电玻璃表面构筑了钛酸纳米管薄膜.采用TEM、XRD、SEM及EDS等对纳米管薄膜的表面形貌、结构和组成等进行表征.结果表明,电泳沉积法制备钛酸纳米管薄膜致密均匀、厚度可控并与基体结合力良好;经高温烧结后,形貌基本保持不变,可望成为一种新的功能材料.文中还对纳米管薄膜的形成机理进行了讨论.     

一维钛纳米材料的SEM和TEM形貌研究

在10mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中,以溶胶状纳米TiO_2为钛源,分别于150℃和180℃采用水热法合成了钛纳米晶须和钛纳米线;以金红石型纳米TiO_2为原料在150℃水热合成了钛纳米管。用扫描隧道显微镜(SEM)、电子透射电镜(TEM)对产物进行了表征,结果表明钛酸钠纳米晶须扫描形貌为球形颗粒状,透射形貌为直径1～3nm针尖状,钛纳米线扫描图呈面条状,长度为40μm,宽度为40～200hm,透射观察为实心多层结构,间距为0.8nm。钛纳米管的长度达2μm,管径为10nm。观察发现在纳米晶须中存在向纳米线过渡的中间相,而纳米带中存在钛纳米片,结合相关机理对其形貌结构进行了解释。     

超声波-水热法合成Bi2Te3纳米管

以水为反应介质，NaBH4为还原剂，合成了BizTe3纳米管及纳米微粒。溶液首先在超声波发生器中预处理1h，然后置于150℃，水热反应釜中继续反应48h。XRD分析表明：合成产物主要物相为Bi2Te3；SEM观察可见产物中有纳米管生成，纳米管直径约为50-100nm，管壁厚约8-10nm，长度在500nm以上。EDS分析表明：纳米管成份为Bi2Te3。Bi2Te3纳米管可能的生长机制为纳米薄片-卷曲-闭合-纳米管。     

乙醇热法合成纳米钛酸钡及其形成机理的研究

研究了常压下以偏钛酸和氢氧化钡为原料，乙醇为溶剂制备纳米钛酸钡粉末的工艺条件。结果表明反应原料的钡钛比1.0：反应温度79℃；反应时间6h；pH值11为最佳制备条件．通过对在最佳条件下所得产物的XRD分析，表明钛酸钡粉体为立方相，a值约为4．028,TEM分析表明，分散的钛酸钡纳米粒子呈方形，平均粒径约20nm；ED分析表明，钛酸钡纳米粒子为多晶结构，其中有少量的单晶存在，通过对不同反应时间合成的产物的XRD分析，认为本法合成的钛酸钡为原位转变形成机理。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from