金属纤维毡在高温除尘上的性能测试与分析

通过对5μm金属纤维毡在不同温度下的拉伸性能和不同过滤风速下的过滤效率进行对比分析,并采用滤料模拟测试装置对滤料进行了VDI结果的测试。结果表明金属纤维毡能达到高温除尘的使用要求,通过提高过滤风速可以有效提高过滤精度,对于粒径大于5μm的粉尘过滤效果可达100%,老化处理后纤维毡过滤周期时间大幅缩短,阻力上升变快,但出口排放浓度降低。     

口罩用聚丙烯熔喷非织造布过滤性能的研究

采用盐性气溶胶颗粒对聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造布进行容尘实验,研究了不同气体流量、滤料层数、过滤时间对PP熔喷非织造布过滤特性的影响。结果表明:对于单层熔喷非织造布,气体流量为30 L/min时,初始阻力为37.4 Pa,初始过滤效率为97.86%;气体流量为85 L/min时,初始阻力为112.2 Pa,初始过滤效率为90.69%;随着气体流量的增加,PP熔喷非织造布的过滤效率呈现近似线性下降的趋势,而过滤阻力则呈现线性增长的趋势;当气体流量为30,85 L/min,采样时间为4 s时,随着叠加层数的增加,其过滤效率的差异越来越小,过滤阻力差异越来越大,呈现不同的增长趋势;对于单层熔喷非织造布,随着过滤时间的增加,过滤效率和阻力增加,但过滤效率的增长趋势呈先急后缓,而过滤阻力则呈先缓后急的趋势。     

均匀设计法在滤料过滤性能研究中的应用

以滑石粉作为试验粉尘,以1#、3#中空纤维滤料作为过滤介质,对高效纤维过滤器的性能进行了研究。采用均匀设计法考察了气体含尘浓度、过滤风速、滤料压缩率和过滤时间四个因素对过滤器阻力降和过滤效率的影响。利用DPS数据回归处理方法建立数学模型,确定出试验范围内的优化工艺条件:对于1#滤料,在气体含尘浓度0.68 g/m3,过滤风速0.5 m/s,滤料压缩率16.7%,过滤时间10.3 min时,阻力降为172 Pa,过滤效率为99.993%;对于3#滤料,在气体含尘浓度0.5 g/m3,过滤风速0.5 m/s,滤料压缩率15.4%,过滤时间3 min时,阻力降为493 Pa,过滤效率为99.992%。     

粉尘细度分析仪

苏联人发明了一种“粉尘粉碎程度组成情况的直流分析仪”。这种仪器用来测定高温、高粉尘气流的粉尘颗粒浓度和粉尘细度。被测颗粒大小为1—100微米,最大粉尘样品重量为2500毫克,最小粉尘样品重量为50毫克,被吸入气体的流量为20升/分,允许的气体温度为400℃,装置的重量为280克。它的第一级和最后一级沉淀器的结构和尺寸如图所示。该装置是一个直径为21毫米、长为240毫米的圆柱体,被固定在粉尘     

表面过滤技术在粉尘治理中的应用

１　深层过滤和表面过滤净化机理 多年来，应用于粉尘治理工作中的袋除尘器，都是一种深层过滤的净化机理，当含尘气体接触滤袋时，粗颗粒粉尘被阻留下来，而小于滤袋纤维孔隙的细颗粒粉尘，就会通过滤袋而逃逸，由于粉尘中这些细颗粒的含量约占３０％以上，因此刚使用的滤袋收尘效率较低。 随着过滤过程的持续，滤袋的收尘效率才逐步提高，但是滤袋的阻力也随之增大，当阻力达到一定数值时，必须对其进行清灰，否则影响气体的通过量，造成收尘设备处理风量的减少，清灰又不能清得太干净，还要保持滤袋较高的收尘效率。其实滤袋清灰过程也不…     

固定床颗粒层过滤效率的正交试验及回归分析

用固定床颗粒层过滤实验装置,以石英砂为过滤颗粒在常温下进行过滤效率实验。采用四水平正交表安排试验,利用量纲分析和SPSS软件进行多元非线性回归处理试验数据,得到了过滤效率与表观过滤速度、过滤层厚度、过滤颗粒平均粒径、粉尘浓度和过滤时间5个因素的回归方程,从而对过滤效率变化规律进行分析。通过实验表明过滤性能对粉尘粒径具有明显选择性。     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜气体除尘性能

以气体除尘为研究背景,采用平均孔径为0.22 μm的聚丙烯（PP）中空纤维膜为过滤介质,考察了粉尘浓度、过滤气体流速、膜组件装填率、膜壁厚对膜组件除尘性能的影响。结果表明,气体通量随粉尘浓度变化较小,除尘率随粉尘浓度增大而提高、随过滤气体流速增加而减小;气体通量和除尘率均随膜壁厚增大有所增加,并随装填率增加而减小。PP中空纤维膜用于气体除尘其除尘率高达99.9%以上,其中对0.3 μm以上粉尘的截留率均可达到100%,对0.3 μm以下粉尘的除尘率可达99%。     

非织造过滤介质孔径及截留性能的研究

对应用于液固分离和气固分离的非织造过滤介质的孔径和截留性能测试方法做了研究,指出采用气体流量法进行孔径性能测试,可同时得到非织造过滤介质的最大孔径、平均孔径及孔径分布,全面表征了其孔径性能;并对用于液固和气固分离2个不同领域的非织造过滤介质采用不同的方法做了截留性能测试。同时,对比非织造过滤介质的孔径和截留性能,对二者之间的关联做了探索,为实际工业过程中非织造过滤介质的选用和评价提供了指导。     

气固错流移动颗粒床过滤器除尘效率

研究了气固错流移动颗粒床过滤器除尘效率与表观过滤气速、颗粒层移动速度、过滤气体粉尘含量的关系,并进一步探讨了粉尘在颗粒层内的沉积对除尘效果的影响.结果表明,颗粒层内粉尘沉积量较低时,沉积的粉尘有效地促进了颗粒层除尘效率的提高,但随粉尘沉积量增大,沉积粉尘的二次飞扬变得严重,其促进效应逐渐减小.在考虑了沉积粉尘对除尘效率影响和颗粒层内粉尘沉积不均匀性的基础上,基于捕集单元的收缩管模型,建立了计算移动颗粒层除尘效率和床层内粉尘沉积分布的数学模型.模型计算结果和实验数据比较表明,在操作气速0.1～0.3m•s^-1范围内,计算值与实验结果吻合较好.据此对除尘效率和床层内粉尘沉积的变化趋势进行了模拟分析.     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜气体除尘性能

以气体除尘为研究背景,采用平均孔径为0.22μm的聚丙烯(PP)中空纤维膜为过滤介质,考察了粉尘浓度、过滤气体流速、膜组件装填率、膜壁厚对膜组件除尘性能的影响。结果表明,气体通量随粉尘浓度变化较小,除尘率随粉尘浓度增大而提高、随过滤气体流速增加而减小;气体通量和除尘率均随膜壁厚增大有所增加,并随装填率增加而减小。PP中空纤维膜用于气体除尘其除尘率高达99.9%以上,其中对0.3μm以上粉尘的截留率均可达到100%,对0.3μm以下粉尘的除尘率可达99%。     

精密单丝滤布透水速率与截留精度的研究

为进一步了解液固分离用织造滤布的过滤性能,以液固分离用新型过滤介质精密单丝滤布为研究对象,对滤布结构、开孔大小、丝径、孔隙率等因素对透水速率的影响进行了理论分析与讨论;并采用国际标准规定的鼓泡孔径、透水速率和截留精度的测试方法,对几种精密单丝滤布的孔径大小、透水速率、截留精度、透水阻力、孔隙度、分离效率进行了实验测定;同时介绍了不同孔隙度及截留精度的测定方法和结果,并对截留精度经验计算进行了实验验证,对正确选择与科学使用过滤介质单丝滤布提供有益的参考。     

基于微观结构的褶式滤芯拟态化模型及其过滤性能的数值模拟

基于随机多层纤维过滤介质算法建立褶式滤芯三维拟态化结构模型,对褶式滤芯内部气-固两相流动进行数值模拟,计算不同运行参数及结构参数下滤芯的压力损失及过滤效率,并与文献计算值进行比较. 结果表明,压力损失随过滤风速增大呈线性增加;随褶尖角增大,压力损失呈先减小后增加,压力损失计算值与文献计算值吻合较好. 褶尖角和过滤风速一定时,过滤效率随粒径增加先减小后增大,在给出的颗粒直径范围内存在最易穿透颗粒直径(MPPS). 不同过滤风速下,当颗粒粒径小于0.5 mm时,扩散作用使过滤效率随过滤风速增加而减小;大于0.5 mm时,惯性作用使其随过滤风速增加而增加;MPPS随风速增加而减小;本计算值与文献计算值趋势一致. 不同褶尖角下,当颗粒粒径小于1 mm时,扩散作用使过滤效率随褶尖角增大而减小;大于1 mm时,惯性作用使其随褶尖角增大而增加.     

Tubular Membrane Filtration with A Side Stream and its Intermittent Backwash Operation

The tubular membrane filtration system is widely applied to solid-liquid separation processes. Any improvements to the filtration module would increase separation efficiency, thus reducing operating costs. In this experiment, PMMA powder with an average particle diameter of 0.8 µm was filtered by a ceramic tubular membrane with an average pore size of 0.2 µm, and the impacts of the operating variables, such as suspension concentration, the filtration pressure, and the crossflow velocity on the permeate flux were discussed. In order to understand the increased permeate flux, the proposed module is comparable to the tubular membrane filtration module, but with an additional side stream under the same filtration mass flow rate. In addition, variations of shear force on the membrane surface are analyzed by CFD simulation, and the influence of backwash operations on the permeate flux is discussed. The results show that the side stream membrane filtration increased the shear force on the membrane surface, reduced fouling on the membrane surface, and increased the permeate flux. Furthermore, a backwash operation with a side stream flow channel could effectively clean the particles deposited in the module, thus, increasing the permeate flux.     

An improved CFD model of gas flow and particle interception in a fiber material

An improved CFD model of gas flow and particle interception in a fiber material which fiber size is Y-shape was developed in this work.The porous medium model was used to build the model of the whole size of fiber filter medium.Mixture model was adopted.The algorithm of particle interception in the whole size of fiber filter medium was derived and UDF (User Defined Function) that described kinds of particle filtering mechanisms in filter fibrous media was added to the Fluent default conservation equation as source term for simulation.The inertial resistance of the filter was taken into consideration,which provided a more precise measurement of the smoke flow and the particle interception in the filter under higher smoke speed conditions.The commercial software,Fluent 6.3,was used to simulate the smoke flow and particle interception in the filter in a single suction.The velocity and pressure profiles of smoke or nicotine particle in the filter,as well as nicotine particle volume fraction profile were well simulated.Finally.the comparisons of nicotine particle filtration efficiency between Fluent simulation results in this work and experimental results,as well as the model prediction in the literature were made to validate the simulation model.The comparisons showed that the particle entrapment model from simulation results was in good agreement with that from the experimental results.In addition,the Fluent simulation results are closer to reality both at the beginning and the end of the smoke process compating with the model predicted results in the literature.     

磁性纤维直径对捕集Fe基细颗粒影响数值模拟

为了实现对钢铁行业微细颗粒的超低排放,提出磁性纤维提高对Fe基细颗粒物的捕集.基于计算流体力学-离散相模型CFD-DPM对比研究了传统纤维、磁性纤维直径对Fe基细颗粒捕集效率以及过滤阻力的影响.结果表明:当风速为0.10 m/s时,对于直径为35～45μm范围的纤维,直径的增大能够明显增加过滤阻力.对于粒径小于2.5 ...     

基于纤维取向的纳米纤维滤料设计及其性能

通过基于霍夫变换的图像分析法获取静电纺纳米纤维取向分布信息,分析纤维取向对纳米纤维滤料性能的影响,并据此设计制备了中间为杂乱纤维层、两侧为相互垂直的取向纤维层构成的复合纳米纤维膜滤料。采用扫描电镜对纳米纤维膜形貌进行观察并获取SEM图像,进行了透气性、拉伸性能、孔径尺寸和过滤性能测试。结果表明,纳米纤维膜纤维分布方向拉伸断裂强度高,纤维取向各向异性比例理论值和实验值相吻合,纤维取向是影响纳米纤维膜力学各向异性的主要参数;取向纳米纤维膜滤料孔径较大且有许多微粒可逃逸的通道,其过滤效率和过滤阻力均较低,与文献中报道的数值模拟结果相一致;所设计制备的复合纳米纤维膜滤料结合了取向纳米纤维膜滤料力学性能优良和杂乱纳米纤维膜滤料过滤效率高的优点,其纵向和横向断裂强度分别为8.85MPa和8.71MPa,气流流速为25L/min时过滤效率高达99.691%。     

Unsteady-State Permeate Flux of Crossflow Microfiltration

Abstract

In this study a membrane filtration cell was installed to investigate the variation of permeate flux with filtration time under various operating conditions including crossflow velocity, pressure drop, particle concentration, membrane pore size, particle size, pH, and electrolyte concentration. The dimensions of the filtration channel in the CFMF cell were 6 cm x 0.6 cm x 0.036 cm, and the flow of the suspension in the channel was controlled under the laminar flow region. Spherical polystyrene latex particles of 0.303, 0.606, and 1.020 μm were used as the suspension particles in the experiments. The density of the particles was 1.05 g/cm³. It was found that the unsteady-state permeate flux increased with an increase in particle size, membrane pore size, or crossflow velocity, but decreased with an increase in particle concentration or electrolyte concentration in the suspension. A mathematical model based on mass balance and hydrodynamic theory was developed in this study. In addition, the effect of cake growth and particle concentration decline during experiments on the permeate flux were also considered in this model. This model predicts satisfactorily the unsteady-state permeate flux of CFMF under various operating conditions.     

静电纺丝纤维滤材表征及其气液过滤性能

以聚丙烯腈与二甲基甲酰胺为原料配制纺丝溶液,采用静电纺丝技术制备玻璃纤维/聚丙烯腈纤维/玻璃纤维三层复合滤材,研究了纺丝溶液浓度与纺丝电压等参数对纤维形貌及尺寸的影响,分析了复合滤材的过滤性能. 结果表明,控制不同纺丝溶液浓度可得形貌不同的纤维,且溶液浓度越大纤维尺寸越大;纺丝电压对纤维形貌的影响较小,但增加纺丝电压使静电纺纤维层的孔径减小. 相比玻璃纤维滤材,复合滤材过滤效率明显提升,稳态效率最大可提升21%,最易穿透粒径效率最大可提升39%,但复合滤材孔径较小时,过程压降增加了一段跳跃阶段,纳米纤维层表面形成液膜,使复合滤材稳态压降升高.     

湿式催化氧化/膜过滤组合工艺膜过滤机理

采用湿式催化氧化/膜过滤组合工艺,以Mo-Zn-Al-O粉末作为催化剂降解阳离子红GTL模拟染料废水,探讨在膜过滤过程中平均孔径为0.1 μm的微滤和0.022 μm的超滤聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜的过滤机理。实验结果表明,两种膜过滤组合工艺对染料的降解效果均优于单独湿式催化氧化,0.01 MPa恒压条件下运行120 min后微滤和超滤的膜通量分别衰减了26.63%和16.48%,其原因是粉末催化剂可在微滤膜孔内部沉积形成中间阻塞过滤,后在表面形成滤饼层;而在超滤膜表面仅形成滤饼层。通过实验结果对膜阻力进行计算,可知在相同反应过程后微滤膜产生的不可逆阻力大于超滤膜。在不同反应条件下,催化剂的沉积量与膜阻力呈现线性相关。