微波无溶剂法提取东紫苏精油的工艺研究及成分分析

采用微波无溶剂法提取东紫苏精油,考察工艺中料液比、浸泡时间、提取时间、微波功率对精油提取率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验对提取工艺进行优化并采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术鉴定东紫苏精油的化学成分。结果表明,微波无溶剂提取东紫苏精油的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶6(体积比),浸泡时间2 h,提取时间60 min,微波功率600 W,精油得率0.096 mL/50 g。采用GC-MS技术,从提取的精油中鉴定出43种化学成分,主要成分为乙酸松油酯,相对含量达到了56.25%,其次为丙酸香叶酯(6.8%)、棕榈酸(4.95%)、依朴酚醇(4.83%)、氧化石竹烯(4.41%)、乙酸(Z)-5-十二烯醇酯(3.28%)、α-松油醇(2.91%)、(S)-(+)-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-甲基-环己烯-1酮(1.18%)、萜品醇(1.14%)、植酮(1.1%)。     

桂花总黄酮的超声波提取工艺及抑菌活性

以体积分数为60%的乙醇作为提取剂,研究了超声波作用时间、超声波作用温度、超声波功率及料液比对桂花总黄酮提取率的影响。在上述单因素研究基础上,以总黄酮提取率为指标,采用正交试验设计得到桂花总黄酮的超声波提取优化工艺为:超声波作用时间50 min,超声波作用温度60℃,料液比1∶30 g/mL、超声波功率150 W,此条件下桂花总黄酮提取率为13.4219%。抑菌实验表明桂花黄酮具有一定的抑菌活性。     

荔枝核中总黄酮和多糖的连续提取工艺研究

采用微波—超声波协同萃取法对荔枝核中总黄酮和多糖进行连续提取,考察了料液比、微波—超声波功率、提取温度等因素对荔枝核总黄酮和多糖提取率的影响,得到荔枝核中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度70%、料液比1∶30、微波—超声波功率600~800W、提取温度60℃、提取时间30min,此工艺条件下总黄酮提取率为8.201%。荔枝核多糖最佳提取工艺为:料水比为1∶35、微波—超声波功率700~900W、提取温度90℃、提取时间15min,多糖提取率为4.557%。     

响应面优化微波辅助提取洋葱精油的工艺研究

文章采用响应面法对微波辅助提取洋葱精油进行研究。以液料比、微波功率、萃取温度、萃取时间为考察因素,在单因素基础上,采用Box-Behnken实验设计进行响应面分析优化,确定洋葱精油最佳提取条件为:液料比8∶1、微波功率350 W、萃取温度38℃、萃取时间6min。在此条件下洋葱精油提取率为0.334%,这为洋葱精油的产业化发展提供了一定依据。     

微波辅助水蒸汽蒸馏法和无溶剂微波萃取法提取孜然精油工艺的研究

采用微波蒸馏法提取孜然精油,考察微波溶剂提取和无溶剂提取孜然精油工艺中微波提取时间、微波功率、粒度和液料比等因素对孜然精油提取率的影响。同时以枯茗醛含量作为精油品质的评价指标,并通过GC对孜然精油进行分析。研究结果表明,微波溶剂提取孜然精油的最佳工艺条件为：液料比6:1、微波提取时间90min、微波功率300W,此条件下精油提取率为3.501%,精油中枯茗醛含量为19.121%。微波无溶剂提取孜然精油的最佳工艺条件为：浸泡时间30min、微波提取时间45min、微波功率200W,此条件下精油提取率为2.461%,精油中枯茗醛含量为23.910%。     

金银花中绿原酸超声微波双辅助提取工艺优化

对金银花绿原酸进行超声波和微波双辅助提取研究。以绿原酸提取率为考察对象,研究超声温度、乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率及辐射时间等因素对金银花绿原酸提取率的影响。结果表明:采用超声波和微波双辅助提取技术得到的绿原酸提取率较单独采用超声波或微波辅助得到的绿原酸提取率高。以体积分数70%乙醇溶液为溶剂、料液比1:15(g/mL)、50℃超声处理30min、微波功率400W、微波时间5min,得到的绿原酸提取率为5.93%。     

响应面优化微波辅助提取花椒精油的工艺研究

文章对微波辅助提取花椒精油进行了系统的研究,考察液料比、微波功率、微波处理时间、提取温度对花椒精油提取率的影响。在单因素基础上,采用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计和响应面分析法,确定了最佳的提取工艺条件。结果表明:微波辅助提取花椒精油的最佳工艺条件为液料比10.3∶1、微波功率502 W、微波处理时间6min、提取温度60℃,在此条件下花椒精油含量的预测值为7.96%,验证实际值为8.01%,该模型方程能够较好地预测试验结果。     

微波超声波组合提取猴头菇多糖工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

通过单因素试验分别考察粉碎粒度、料液体积质量比、提取温度、提取时间、微波功率和超声波功率对猴头菇多糖提取得率的影响,确定各因素的适宜水平。在单因素试验基础上,应用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析法,探讨料液体积质量比、提取温度、提取时间和超声波功率对提取猴头菇多糖得率的影响。响应面优化结果表明,微波超声波组合提取猴头菇多糖的最优工艺为:粉碎粒度20目、液料体积质量比20 mL/g、提取温度74℃、提取时间16 min、微波功率200 W、超声波功率1 052 W。在最优工艺条件下,多糖得率为6.44%,非常接近预测值,说明所以优化的提取工艺参数可靠。体外抗氧化活性结果表明,微波超声波组合提取的猴头菇多糖抗氧化活性较高,对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除作用显著,可以作为一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。     

苦菜叶干粉中抑菌物质提取工艺优化研究

以微生物药敏实验为依据,采用超声波协同水、乙醇、丙酮、甲醇提取溶剂,筛选干苦菜叶干粉抑菌物质的最佳提取方法。单因素实验结果表明,70%乙醇为最佳提取溶剂,料液比在1∶10～1∶15范围内抑菌圈增大快速,料液比>1∶15,提取率反而下降,最佳料液比为1∶15;超声提取时间60min最优,超声强度360W时抑菌圈最大。正交实验表明,对苦菜抑菌物质提取因素的影响程度依次是:超声时间>料液比>超声功率。超声波提取苦菜中抑菌活性物质的最佳工艺参数为:70%乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比1∶20,超声时间60min,超声波功率360W。苦菜抑菌物质主要抑制金黄色葡萄球菌为代表的G+细菌,而对青霉、黑曲霉没有明显的抑制作用。     

超声波微波协同提取海蒿子多糖工艺

目的：建立海蒿子多糖超声波-微波协同提取工艺,提高海蒿子多糖的提取率。方法：利用硫酸-苯酚法考察正交试验在不同粒度、提取时间、料液比、超声波功率、微波功率条件下多糖提取率,选出最佳超声波-微波协同提取工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为粒度40目、提取时间20min、料液比1:25(g/mL)、超声波功率75%、微波功率200W,其中粒度对多糖提取率的影响最大。结论：超声波-微波协同提取能缩短提取时间并提高海蒿子多糖提取率。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press