单级生物脱氮技术研究

研究了将硝化菌和反硝化菌混合包埋,利用载体在对氧产生的扩散阻力在颗粒内部形成好氧区,缺氧区和厌氧区,使硝化和反硝化两个过程有机地结合在一起,在好氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化。     

低碳氮比废水脱氮研究进展

结合低碳氮比污水特点,评述了以内源提供有机碳源实现反硝化,以及利用自养菌脱氮的厌氧氨氧化和氢自养型反硝化等新型生物脱氮技术,介绍了它们在低碳氮比废水处理中的反应机理、应用进展、优势以及需要解决的问题。该项研究为经济高效地处理低碳氮比污水提供了理论依据。     

焦化污水的生物脱氮处理

文中介绍了焦化废水生物脱氮机理、特点、基本流程，讨论了硝化反硝化反应的影响因素和操作管理的经验，指出了缺氧－好氧法生物脱氮工艺的优点。     

焦化废水生物脱氮技术的进展

本文阐述了生物脱氮机理，介绍了生物脱氮技术的应用现状和进展，并指出了焦化废水生物脱氮工艺的选择及今后的研究方向。     

生物脱氮研究及其在处理焦化废水中的应用

以文献为基础，讨论了硝化／反硝化生物脱氮的原理、方法、有关动力学研究及其在处理焦化废水中的应用。认为应用固定化细胞技术和活性炭－生物联合技术的Ａ／Ｏ工艺会成为处理焦化废水的一种有效方法，Ｙａｎｔａｒａｓｒｉ的自由能模型对稳定复杂的硝化单元操作有重要的指导作用。     

用生物脱氮技术处理焦化废水

我厂过去采用活性污泥法处理酚氰污水,为确保外排废水达标,１９９７年新建的酚氰污水处理站采用了有硝化-反硝化功能的生物脱氮技术,取得了理想的效果。1废水水质虽然我厂的废水量并不大,但污染物的浓度却很高。为此,我们采取了加碱蒸氨和地表水稀释的方法,使进入处理站的废水基本达到了设计要求,水质情况见表１。2工艺流程废水处理站可分为预处理、生化处理和后处理三部分,其流程见图１。预处理部分包括调节池、重力除油池和浮选池,主要是去除废水中的油,为生化处理创造理想的进水条件。生化部分包括缺氧池（１４０ｍ～3）、好氧…     

氧化沟脱氮,脱磷技术及应用

介绍了Ｔ型、ＤＥ型交换式氧化沟（ＰＩＤ）生物脱氮以及同时脱氮、磷的工艺过程和技术特点,列举了国内外采用该技术进行污水处理的应用情况,认为该技术处理效果良好,出口水质符合我国对污水排放的要求。     

人工湿地脱氮研究进展

人工湿地作为一种低成本、低能耗、高效益的绿色技术,被广泛应用于废水和雨水处理。而在人工湿地众多应用领域中,脱氮对于水环境保护以及废水的回收利用具有非常重要的意义。该文系统地介绍了人工湿地的脱氮机理,氨化、硝化-反硝化和厌氧氨氧化;分析了人工湿地脱氮的主要外在和内在影响因素如温度、水力停留时间、湿地植物和微生物等;探讨了在人工湿地的运行和管理中存在的问题和解决方案,为人工湿地的设计与运行管理提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

亚硝化反硝化生物脱氮

对影响亚硝化及反硝化生物脱氮的研究结果进行了总结和评述。内容包括游离氨、温度、pH、溶解氧、酚、氯酸钠等因素对亚硝化型硝化的影响,以及HNO2对反硝化速率的影响和酚、氨在反硝化过程中充当电子供体的研究。     

SBR工艺处理肉类加工废水脱氮最佳运行条件的选择

采用SBR工艺对肉类加工废水厌氧氨化出水进行后续脱氮处理,通过模拟试验确定了脱氮目标下其最佳运行模式、运行工况及运行参数,最终获得了进一步提高肉类加工废水脱氮效率的措施途径.本试验氨氮平均去除率为99.7%,氨氮最终出水控制在2mg/L以下,COD平均去除率为84%,远远低于国家一级排放标准.     

换热型一段炉运行状况的分析

本文对LCA流程中的转化炉管内外运行过程进行了分析及讨论。结果表明,管内外传热温差较小,且由上至下呈增加趋势。     

合成氨装置转化系统技改前后生产工况对比

介绍合成氨装置技改的原因、目的及技改内容,对比了改造投用前后工艺参数变化,改造后生产工况得到很好改善,达到了增产节能的目的.     

低负荷下甲醇洗工况的调整

介绍气化炉原料改造前后对低温甲醇洗装置的影响,阐述低负荷下低温甲醇洗如何调整多产CO2,确保尿素装置的安全运行。     

KINETIC STUDY OF REMOVAL OF NO IN MOLTEN SALT SYSTEM

The kinetics of the reduction of NO by NH₃ in the presence of O₂ in molten salts of 50mol% NH₄HSO₄ and 50mol% NaHS04 with a V₂O₅ as catalyst was investigated by chemical absorption method using a bubble column reactor at temperatures ranging 150 to 180°C. The rate of the reduction of NO could be expressed as first-order with respect to the concentration of NO. The first-order reaction rate constants with V₂O₅ and V₂O₅-NH₄Br-TiO₂-SiO₂ as catalyst were determined. The Henry's law constants of NO in the molten salts were determined in the same range of temperature.     

厌氧段HRT对A2N工艺反硝化除磷脱氮效果的影响

为了考察厌氧段水力停留时间（HRT）对A2N工艺反硝化除磷脱氮效果的影响,采用连续流双污泥反硝化除磷脱氮装置以生活污水为处理对象,研究了厌氧段在不同HRT时系统的除磷脱氮效果,以及厌氧段不同HRT对系统处理过程的影响。结果表明,厌氧段是A2N工艺实现反硝化除磷脱氮的关键阶段。当厌氧段的HRT过长时,虽然溶解性PO4^3-的总释放量增加,但是后续的缺氧吸磷量和总氮的去除量并没有相应地增加。厌氧段的HRT时间过短,反硝化聚磷菌（DPB）在此对进水中易降解COD（CODRB）吸收不完全,导致后续缺氧吸磷量下降,同时影响了系统的除磷和脱氮效果。在处理实际生活污水水质时,厌氧段的HRT为2h即可满足除磷和脱氮要求。     

烷烃-芳烃-N-甲酰吗啉体系液液平衡

用液液平衡釜测定了等温下正庚烷苯ＮＦＭ、甲基环己烷苯ＮＦＭ、正庚烷甲苯ＮＦＭ和甲基环己烷甲苯ＮＦＭ等４组三元体系的液液平衡数据,用ＮＲＴＬ和ＵＮＩＱＵＡＣ模型进行了关联,求得各三元体系的褶点数据,并对ＮＦＭ溶剂存在下烷烃和芳烃的选择性进行了比较。     

INFLUENCE OF DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF A TWO-STAGE ADSORPTION CHILLER

This article aims at clarifying the possible design and operating conditions for silica gel-water adsorption refrigeration cycles driven by near-ambient temperature waste heat sources (between 45 and 75°C) with relatively small regenerating temperature lifts (15 to 45 K). A two-stage silica gel-water advanced adsorption chiller is introduced and a simulation model of the chiller was developed to analyze the influence of operating and design conditions on the system performance (coefficient of performance, COP, and cooling capacity). It was hypothesized that the proposed chiller can be driven by low temperature waste heat at 55°C to produce effective cooling. Simulation results show that the operating conditions such as cycle time and hot and cooling water inlet temperature have an influential effect on cooling capacity and COP. COP is proportional to cycle time and heat transfer coefficient as well as inversely proportional to the cooling water inlet temperature, while there are optimum values of hot water temperature and silica gel weight for maximum COP. Cooling capacity mainly improves with the addition of silica gel weight and decreases as cooling water temperature increases. Simulation results also revealed that the system performance can be improved significantly by setting the design and operating conditions optimally.     

INFLUENCE OF DESIGN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OF A TWO-STAGE ADSORPTION CHILLER

This article aims at clarifying the possible design and operating conditions for silica gel-water adsorption refrigeration cycles driven by near-ambient temperature waste heat sources (between 45 and 75°C) with relatively small regenerating temperature lifts (15 to 45 K). A two-stage silica gel-water advanced adsorption chiller is introduced and a simulation model of the chiller was developed to analyze the influence of operating and design conditions on the system performance (coefficient of performance, COP, and cooling capacity). It was hypothesized that the proposed chiller can be driven by low temperature waste heat at 55°C to produce effective cooling. Simulation results show that the operating conditions such as cycle time and hot and cooling water inlet temperature have an influential effect on cooling capacity and COP. COP is proportional to cycle time and heat transfer coefficient as well as inversely proportional to the cooling water inlet temperature, while there are optimum values of hot water temperature and silica gel weight for maximum COP. Cooling capacity mainly improves with the addition of silica gel weight and decreases as cooling water temperature increases. Simulation results also revealed that the system performance can be improved significantly by setting the design and operating conditions optimally.     

影响添加反硝化聚磷菌的SBR脱氮除磷主要因素

以添加反硝化聚磷菌株后获得稳定生物脱氮除磷效果的SBR装置为研究对象,探讨各种因素对其脱氮除磷效果的影响.结果表明,最适温度为25℃,系统出水COD、氨氮和磷的去除率分别达到90.3%、88.1%和96.2%;进水pH为7.0时,释磷率达到8.1 mg·L-1·h-1,系统脱氛除磷效果最好;系统最佳HRT为厌氧2 h,缺氧4 h;系统污泥龄为10 d时,系统污泥含量和性能正常,厌氧释磷能力较强,运行效果最好.