二（2—乙基己基）磷酸萃取L—异亮氨酸的研究

以二（２－乙基己基）磷酸（Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ）－正辛烷及Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ－正辛醇萃取Ｌ－异亮氨酸为对象,研究了Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ浓度、Ｌ－异亮氨酸初始浓度以及ｐＨ值对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。结果表明,在实验研究涉及的ｐＨ值范围内,分配系数先随ｐＨ的增加而增大,在３．５〈ｐＨ〈５区域,ｐＨ值对分配系数的影响较小。分配系数还随Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ浓度的增加而增大。正辛醇加入有机相,萃取分配系数增大。Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ与Ｌ－异亮氨酸     

MAH—g—PP对PP／EVAL共混体系的增容作用

系统研究了不同组成及配比的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（ＭＡＨ－ｇ－ＰＰ）及其用量对聚丙烯（ＰＰ）与乙烯－乙烯醇共聚物（ＥＶＡＬ）的共混体系（ＰＰ／ＥＶＡＬ）力学性能借用Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ塑化仪测试了ＰＰ／ＥＶＡＬ／ＭＡＨ－ｇ－ＰＰ共混体系的加工性能。结果表明,ＭＡＨ－ｇ－Ｐ接枝物对ＰＰ／ＥＶＡＬ共混体系有较好的增容作用,适量加入,可使ＰＰ／ＥＶＡＬ共混体系的力学性能明显提高,而加工性能基本不变。     

SBS／L／—PB／TEGDA（TMPTA）光敏体系的透光性和感光特性

本文在研究了ＳＢＳ／Ｌ／－ＰＢ／ＴＥＧＤＡ（ＴＭＰＴＡ）均相光敏体系对特定光源（低压汞灯，λ＝２５４ｎｍ）发射光吸收的基础上，按剩余膜产率（Ｙ）绘制出感光特性曲线（Ｙ－ｔ）确定出Ｙ随Ｌ－ＰＢ和ＴＥＧＤＡ（或ＴＭＰＴＡ）用量变化的规律，求算了优选体系的量子产率，以剩余膜产率和灰梯度尺法测定了上述体系的相对感度。     

HDPE/AS共混体系形态及力学性能

研究了相容剂ＬＤＰＦ－ｇ－ＡＳ对ＨＤＰＥ／ＡＳ共混体系形态及力学性能的影响。红外光谱研究表明采用固相接枝有效地形成了苯乙烯和丙烯腈与聚乙烯的 支共聚物,将其作为ＨＤＰＥ／ＡＳ共混体系的相容剂可大大减小分散相的粒子尺寸,显著提高共混体秒的力学性能,说明ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＡＳ是该共混体系的有效相容剂。     

PE—g—MAH对HDPE／PA6共混合金的增容作用

利用ＤＳＣ研究了ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６共混体系的增容作用,并讨论了ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６共混物的混容性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明：ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ能有效地增强ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６共混体系两相界面的相互作用,改善ＨＤＰＥ和ＰＡ６的相容性,是效果较好的增容剂。适量的ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ的加入可使ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６共混合金的可混性能提高,并有一定的增强作用。     

液膜法提取浓缩氨基酸

本文研究了用液膜法提取浓缩谷氨酸。用ＴＯＭＡＣ为载体，ＥＣＡ４３６０Ｊ为表面活性剂，在适当的酸度下，以氯离子的浓度差作推动力，提取率可达６０％，浓缩倍数可达５倍。谷氨酸可以克服１１－１２倍的浓度梯度进行能动的膜输送而进入内相，这比文献报导的数值高出近一倍。     

聚乙烯醇—乙二醇溶液的胶凝作用及凝胶特性

测定了聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）－乙二醇（ＥＧ）体系凝胶的熔体温度,发现这个温度与热滞后无关。对于稿分子量无规立构ＰＶＡ（ＨＤＰａ－ＰＶＡ）来说,其表观临界熔化焓△Ｈ为２０６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,低分子量富间同立构规正度的ＰＶＡ（ＬＤＰｓ－ＰＶＡ）,△Ｈ为２３８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。在８０℃以上冷却或逐渐冷却获得的凝胶被认为有较大的微晶体。ＨＤＰａ－ＰＶＡ拉伸膜的杨氏膜量在检测样品中是最高的。ＨＤＰａ－ＰＶＡ膜拉到原长的     

二烯基双酚A醚接枝低密度聚乙烯的制备

介绍了二烯基双酚Ａ醚（ＤＢＡＥ）与低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）在Ｈａａｋｅ转矩流变仪的混炼器中进行熔融接枝反应,采用红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）分析证实了接枝共聚物（ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＤＢＡＥ）并通过对ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＤＢＡＥ的接枝率（ＧＲ）和熔体流动速率（ＭＦＲ）测试,考察了制备条件（反应温度,引发剂用量和ＤＢＡＥ用量）对接枝反应及产物的影响,ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＤＢＡＥ的最终目的是作为高密度聚乙烯／聚碳酸酯共混体系     

LDPE接枝马来酸锌离聚物对PP／PA6共混体系相容性的影响

采用ＳＥＭ和动态粘弹谱研究了不同接枝率的ＬＤＰＥ接枝马来酸锌离聚物（ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＺｎ）对ＰＰ／ＰＡ６共混体系相容性的影响。ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＺｎ采用熔融法合成,所制样品接枝率分别为１．５％（质量,下同）、４．５％和５．４％。研究结果表明,ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＺｎ能有效地改善ＰＰ／ＰＡ６共混物的相容性,其相容性随离聚物接枝率的提高而增强。在ＰＰ（９０）／ＰＡ（１０）体系中,加入离聚物后分散相（ＰＡ６）更均匀、粒子尺寸更小,而且随着离聚物接枝率的提高,ＰＡ６颗粒的粒径就越小,分散越匀;在ＰＰ（５０）／ＰＡ（５０）的体系中,离聚物的加入使两相互相贯穿,在动态粘弹谱上表现出Ｔｇ相互靠近,熔断温度有所提高。     

二—（2—乙基己基）磷酸萃取Ga（Ⅲ）的动力学研究

用生长液滴法研究了二－（２－乙基己基）磷酸（ＨＤＥＨＰ，ＨＡ）在盐酸介质中萃取Ｇａ（Ⅲ）的动力学。结果表明，发生在界面区域内的两步连续反应：Ｇａ３＋＋Ａｉ－＝ＧａＡｉ２＋，ＧａＡｉ２＋＋Ａｉ－＝ＧａＡ２＋决定萃取反应速率。阴离子表面活性剂ＳＤＳ、ＡＢＳ均使其正向萃取初始速率降低。对ＨＤＥＨＰ、ＳＤＳ、ＡＢＳ的界面性质进行研究，认为造成正向萃取初始速率降低的原因主要是表面活性剂分子与萃取剂分子在界面上发生竞争吸附，其次可能是表面活性剂的加入导致了分子在界面膜上排列更致密和界面膜增厚，产生了更大的传质阻力。     

Clean-up to Chirality—Liquid Membranes as a Facilitating Technology?

Liquid membranes have been suggested as a clean technology due to characteristics such as high specificity, intensity and productivity as well as low emissions and energy utilisation. However when applying liquid membrane systems to real problems, in this paper chiral extraction of phenylalanine and lactic acid extraction from an industrial effluent, problems have been encountered with the specificity of the liquid membrane system used. Relatively low enantioselectivities (maximum 2·4) were observed with the chiral emulsion liquid membrane system investigated (maximum 1·6), although this was in excess of an analogous solvent extraction system studied. In lactic acid extraction, although batch extraction from model solutions was in excess of 75% in 2 min, when a real lactic acid containing industrial effluent was used the extent of extraction was reduced to around 20%. This effect was found to result from the co-extraction of other anions present in the effluent. In the case of chloride ions, a co-transport mechanism was noted. Thermal and photometric back-extraction strategies have been suggested as a means of enhancing overall liquid membrane extraction selectivities. © 1997 SCI.     

液膜对不同酸度磷矿浸出液中稀土的提取

用浓盐酸溶解富含镧、铈等稀土离子的织金磷矿,得到含稀土离子的磷矿浸出液,以P204为载体、Span80或T154作表面活性剂、磺化煤油作溶剂、盐酸作内水相解析剂制成的乳状液膜对酸解液中镧、铈等稀土离子进行提取,考察了流动载体浓度、表面活性剂种类及浓度对稀土提取率的影响及磷矿浸出液中不同浓度稀土离子在不同酸度下的分离提取情况. 结果表明,液膜中最佳载体浓度为12%(j),最佳表面活性剂浓度为4%(j),随外水相pH值增大,液膜对稀土离子的提取率提高,外水相稀土离子浓度为100 mg/L,pH=1时,其提取率可达79.93%.     

液膜法提取绿原酸的实验研究

采用液膜法提取杜仲叶中绿原酸,通过正交实验对液膜制备工艺和绿原酸提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明,液膜制备的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH浓度4mol.L-1、吐温-20质量分数8%、搅拌速度350r.min-1;绿原酸提取的最佳工艺条件为:混合时间8min、乳水比1∶2、搅拌速度100r.min-1、油内比3∶1。液膜法实现了对绿原酸的提取和浓缩,为进一步开发利用绿原酸提供了依据。     

乳状液膜法从铀矿的硫酸浸出液中提取铀的研究

本文研究了以双丁二酰亚胺为表面活性剂,三正辛胺为载体,磺化煤油为溶剂,碳酸钠为膜内相组成的乳状液膜体系,从矿石硫酸浸出液中提取铀.考察了各种因素对膜稳定性和铀提取率的影响,提出了适宜的工艺条件.结果表明,此乳状液膜体系对铀具有迁移速度快,提取效率高,选择性和稳定性好的优点.铀的提取率可达99.4%.     

乳状液膜法提取苯丙氨酸的研究

本文采用以Ｐ２０４为载体，Ｓｐａｎ８０为表面活性剂，煤油为溶剂，ＨＣｌ为内 解析剂，氨基酸料液为外水相的液膜体系，在适宜的酸度下，以Ｈ＾＋浓度差的推动力，对苯丙氨酸在液膜体系中的迁移行为进行了研究，讨论了其迁移机理，确定了提取苯丙氨酸的适宜条件，撮率可达８０５以上，并探讨了工业应用液膜法从氨基酸发酵液中提取氨基酸的可行性。     

Emulsion Prevention with Supported Liquid Membrane Permeation

The urge to achieve climate protection goals and a more prevalent interest in finding alternatives to fossil fuel‐based products focus attention increasingly on cascade raw material utilization, respectively, to intensify commercial production processes. The present project provides a study on the combination of liquid‐liquid extraction and esterification using the system acetic acid/octanol and 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The surfactant 4‐dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid causes emulsification during extraction, but emulsification was successfully avoided by using supported liquid membrane permeation equipment.     

渗透汽化脱水技术及其在酯化工业中的应用

渗透汽化是分离某一液体物质含量较低的液体混合物的实用分离方法.高性能渗透汽化膜的开发、膜组件及系统的合理设计是实现膜技术工业化的两个关键因素.分析了渗透汽化膜用于酯化工业耦合脱水工艺的研究现状,展望渗透汽化膜在制备乳酸酯的酯化反应、双酚A的缩合反应和手性化合物的酯合成反应等方面的应用前景.     

草甘膦生产废水的资源化及后处理

膜技术是利用分离膜对混合物中各组分的选择渗透性能的差异等来实现分离、提纯和浓缩的一种分离技术。根据膜上分布的孔径大小范围（或推动压力差）等,     

Facilitated Pertraction of p-Aminobenzoic Acid with Amberlite LA-2 in Presence of 1-Octanol

p-Aminobenzoic acid has been facilitated pertracted with Amberlite LA-2 dissolved in dichloromethane, using a U-shaped pertraction cell which allows obtaining the free liquid membrane. The pertraction has been a carrier out in the presence of 1-octanol added in the liquid membrane. The addition of the alcohol led to the increase for up to 3 times of the acid initial and final mass flows, this effect being directly related to the process variables (pH-gradient between the aqueous phases, carrier and alcohol concentrations inside the membrane phase, mixing intensity). But, the influence of 1-octanol on the transport capacity of the pertraction system was negative, its addition inducing the accumulation of PABA in the liquid membrane, and requiring the reevaluation and optimization of the acid reextraction from the membrane phase to the stripping one.     

Development of a Spiral-Type Flowing Liquid Membrane Module with High Stability and Its Application to the Recovery of Chromium and Zinc

Abstract

A new type of liquid membrane named a “flowing liquid membrane” is proposed. In this type of liquid membrane, a liquid membrane solution containing a carrier flows in thin channels between two hydrophobic micro-porous membranes which separate the membrane solution from a feed and a strip solution, and forms a stable liquid membrane. The flowing liquid membrane was made into a spiral-type module, and experiments on the separation and enrichment of Cr(VI) in aqueous solutions were performed with the flowing membrane module using tri-n-octylamine as the carrier. It was found that this type of module has high stability as well as high performance, and Cr(VI) was successfully removed and concentrated from its dilute solutions. The result on the recovery of zinc using di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid as the carrier is also presented.