Patterns and Practices in How Information Technology Spread around the World

Information technology spread around the world faster than most other technologies in recent centuries. A combination of eight approaches made this happen, each occurring simultaneously in varying degrees between the 1950s and the present.     

The North/South Divide in NGO Hyperlink Networks

Globalization and communication scholars have argued that technology is transforming the third sector, the set of organizations that are not-for-profit and non-governmental (NGOs). This research examines the local and global linkages among a hyperlink network of 248 HIV/AIDS NGOs. This research examines the north/south NGO divide in the context of these new technology-based associations. Results suggest that the north/south divide is as great a concern in the virtual world as it is in the physical one. This research implies that globalization theorists' argument that communication technologies break down economic and geographic barriers may be overstating the empirical reality.     

Data Preparation for Mining World Wide Web Browsing Patterns

The World Wide Web (WWW) continues to grow at an astounding rate in both the sheer volume of traffic and the size and complexity of Web sites. The complexity of tasks such as Web site design, Web server design, and of simply navigating through a Web site have increased along with this growth. An important input to these design tasks is the analysis of how a Web site is being used. Usage analysis includes straightforward statistics, such as page access frequency, as well as more sophisticated forms of analysis, such as finding the common traversal paths through a Web site. Web Usage Mining is the application of data mining techniques to usage logs of large Web data repositories in order to produce results that can be used in the design tasks mentioned above. However, there are several preprocessing tasks that must be performed prior to applying data mining algorithms to the data collected from server logs. This paper presents several data preparation techniques in order to identify unique users and user sessions. Also, a method to divide user sessions into semantically meaningful transactions is defined and successfully tested against two other methods. Transactions identified by the proposed methods are used to discover association rules from real world data using the WEBMINER system [15].     

The Mobile-Stationary Divide in Ubiquitous Computing Environments: Lessons from the Transport Industry

The emergence of ubiquitous computing offers new possibilities and opportunities for organizations attempting to improve their productivity and effectiveness. in particular, the promises of ubiquitous computing are attractive to organizations such as transport firms, in which coordination of diverse sets of mobile units is central to organizational performance. This article analyzes the use of ubiquitous transport systems in Swedish road haulage firms and discusses the opportunities and challenges for the early adopters. It pays specific attention to the mobile-stationary divide; that is, the set of challenges associated with integration of mobile and stationary people and systems into a seamless computing environment.     

GSM风靡全球

GSM是欧洲开发的数字蜂窝移动电话标准。现已扩展到欧洲以外的亚洲、非洲、南美、中东以及澳大利亚等地区。有关专家预测,到2000年,欧洲的GSM移动电话用户将达到190O万甚至可达2300万。其发展前景甚为乐观。本文主要介绍当前GSM在世界各地的发展,并以表格的形式展示各地区的经营现状。     

运用地址转换实现子网划分

TCP/IP协议是Internet上的基础协议,该文分析了MAC 地址、IP地址和子网掩码的基本概念,详细地讲述了如何利用子网掩码进行子网划分的原则和方法,剖析了地址解析协议ARP 和逆地址解析协议RARP 的实现过程。     

基于链表的对分排序算法及实现

针对以链表为存储结构的数据对象进行排序方法研究，具体描述了对分排序的算法思想，并给出了实现排序算法的有关函数。     

基于链表的对分排序算法及实现

针对以链表为存储结构的数据对象进行排序方法研究,具体描述了对分排序的算法思想,并给出了实现排序算法的有关函数.     

跨越数字鸿沟——加拿大阿尔伯特省的SuperNet为宽带网未来树立了典范

数字鸿沟随着二十一世纪的曙光降临,东京的电话比全非洲还多,芬兰则可以夸耀其因特网主机数超过了整个拉丁美洲。无数分析家沉痛地指出,数字鸿沟把贫穷和富裕之间以及农村和城市之间的分割带入了信息时代。胜利者:阿尔伯特超网“超网”是架设在加拿大阿尔伯特省缺少宽带服务的农村与技术先进的城市之间的“光纤桥梁”。它弥合了数字鸿沟,使学校和医院得以上网,方便因特网服务商进入小镇以至村庄。“超网”是该省在其全境建立高速远程通信干线的计划。阿尔伯特省的面积和伊比利亚半岛(西班牙加葡萄牙)相当,而人口比阿尔巴尼亚还少。该计划在…     

Divide and conquer for the closest-pair problem revisited

In this paper the divide-and-conquer approach to the two-dimensional closest-pair problem is studied. A new algorithm is proposed by which a closest pair, i.e. a pair of points whose distance δ is smallest among a set of N points, is found in θ(N) expected time when the points are drawn independently from the uniform distribution in a unit square. The worst-case running time of the algorithm is θ(N log² N). The method is to project the points onto one of the coordinate axes, and to compute an initial guess for the smallest distance δ by considering the [N/2] pairs of successive projected points. The shortest of these pairwise distances is a good approximation for the final δ. It is then used in the subsequent merge phases of the divide-and-conquer algorithm to keep the average work minimal. A modification of the basic algorithm guarantees θ(N) performance in the average case and θ(N log N) performance in the worst case.     

一种混合模式两级抽象服务粒度划分法

该文首先介绍了当前服务粒度划分研究现状,并对几种主流服务粒度划分方法进行分析,指出了它们的不足之处,进而提出了一种基于业务、组件、类的混合模式两级抽象粒度划分方法——TAMM,该方法利用混合模式并结合java设计模式思想对服务粒度划分过程进行两级优化组合抽象,以适中的粗细粒度优化组合抽象服务,从而提高服务的稳定性、灵活性及性能。最后,结合实际案例对该划分方法的特性进行了分析说明。     

一种混合模式两级抽象服务粒度划分法

该文首先介绍了当前服务粒度划分研究现状,并对几种主流服务粒度划分方法进行分析,指出了它们的不足之处,进而提出了一种基于业务、组件、类的混合模式两级抽象粒度划分方法——TAMM,该方法利用混合模式并结合java设计模式思想对服务粒度划分过程进行两级优化组合抽象,以适中的粗细粒度优化组合抽象服务,从而提高服务的稳定性、灵活性及性能。最后,结合实际案例对该划分方法的特性进行了分析说明。     

The Digital Divide Objectified in the Design: Use of the Mobile Telephone by Underprivileged Youth in Sri Lanka

Most discussions on the digital divide have predominantly focused on social disparities in the physical accessibility of information and communication technologies (ICT), and the proposed solutions are related to providing low cost access to the underprivileged. The mobile phone has been considered as a good solution due to its relatively low cost. This paper, based on an empirical study in Sri Lanka, demonstrates that even though the underprivileged population has adopted the mobile phone, most of the computer based communication facilities available in the phones are ‘inaccessible’ to such users due the objectification of broader social inequalities in the design of phones. In other words, the digital divide is objectified in the design.     

数字鸿沟对发展中国家的影响及对策分析

数字化在给人类带来快捷便利的同时，也会造成一些负面效应，尤其是发达国家和发展中国家之间数字化水平的巨大差异，将对广大发展中国家提出严峻的挑战。本文着重分析了数字鸿沟及其对后发国家的影响，并初步探讨了数字鸿沟的应对之策。     

Bridging the Disciplinary Divide: Co-Creating Research Ideas in eScience Teams

Collaboration within eScience teams depends on participants learning each others’ disciplinary perspectives sufficiently to generate cross-disciplinary research questions of interest. Participants in new teams often have a limited understanding of each other’s research interests; hence early team interactions must revolve around exploratory cross-disciplinary learning and the search for interesting linkages between disciplines. This article investigates group learning and creative processes that impact the efficacy of early team interactions, and the impact of those interactions on the generation of integrated conceptual frameworks from which co-created research problems may emerge. Relevant learning and creativity theories were used to design a management intervention that was applied within the context of an incipient eScience team. Project evaluation indicated that the intervention enabled participants to effectively cross disciplines, integrate conceptualizations, and generate research ideas. The findings suggest that attention to group learning and creativity issues may help overcome some barriers to collaboration on eScience teams.     

在项目中成长

<正>1背景介绍2009年2月25日至4月17日,礼平老师提出将学院大三的"软件项目管理"和"软件项目开发实践"两项课程相结合,让学生完成一个网上书城系统。     

打印耗材回收

一直以来,很多打印机用户都在就如何处理家中打印完的墨盒而头疼,都希望能找到可靠的回收企业,做到不让墨盒污染环境,又不会被非法商贩收走后再次销售。这在中国消费群体里并不鲜见,这种观念的出现预示着消费者环保意识在不断得提升。近年来,打印机在国内市场的发展速度之快,已超过人们预期,新技术、新品牌、新型号、新的广告宣传、新的售后     

Underworld的地上世界

许多人认识Underworld,不少是因着当年电影《猜火车（Trainspotting）》中那首大红大紫的《Born Slippy》--上世纪90年代的经典Cult电影,以及汇聚了彼时最当红英国乐队的原声,当然会是最能让人记住的时代icon。