注塑充填过程变厚度截面速度压力场数值模拟

采用有限元法,对注塑充填过程中“凸”型和“刀”型塑件截面的速度场和压力场进行数值模拟。通过结果分析得出：广义Hele-Shaw流动假设在熔体前沿部分不合理,在塑件截面突变处Hele-Shaw假设也失效,尤其在突变的较宽截面处误差更大。     

水平铜板表面液滴冻结过程的数值模拟

为了探究水平铜板表面温度和液滴体积大小对液滴冻结过程的影响规律,以及冻结过程中液滴内部固液相界面变化和温度场分布,文中基于能量守恒原理,建立了单个静止液滴冻结的数值模型进行模拟研究.研究结果表明:液滴冻结过程中,固液相界面呈凹型状态;随着液滴冻结的进行,固液相界面推进速度呈先快后慢的变化趋势,模拟结果和对应的实验数据吻...     

三相流化床反应器流体流动的数值模拟

从最早的一维分散模型到目前普遍应用于气液固三相流流态化的二维双流体模型以及气液固三流体模型 ,该文对气液固三相流流动的模拟理论作了综述。对三相流化床反应器的设计和预测放大起着直接指导作用     

固液两相叶片圆盘泵蜗壳内流动数值模拟

为研究叶片圆盘泵蜗壳内固液两相流动规律,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent对模型泵内部的固液两相湍流进行数值模拟。通过对叶轮无叶区和叶片区所对应蜗壳截面速度、压力和颗粒体积分数分布的比较分析。得到了能够反映叶片圆盘泵工作特点的蜗壳内固液两相流动特征。     

循环流化床气固流动行为的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,在Fluent数值模拟平台上对循环湍动流化床进行了研究。采用Gidaspow模型分段描述密相湍动和稀相循环输送区气固的相互作用,考察了反应器内压力、颗粒浓度等气固湍动特性参数的变化。CFD的模拟结果表明反应器中压力分布较为均匀;固体颗粒相和气体相间隙成絮状分布,在轴向中心区域颗粒浓度分布较为均匀;边壁区域颗粒浓度变化较大,存在强烈的气固相互作用。     

循环流化床换热器中液固二相流的数值模拟

在循环流化床换热器的流体中加入固体粒子,可以对边界层有扰动作用,加快换热器中的传质与传热.对流化床换热器中的液固二相进行数值模拟,分别讨论了固体粒子对液体动量方程、k-ε方程及能量方程的影响,在单液相方程的基础上进行修正,建立了相应的液固二相流控制方程,确定了物理模型及边界条件.利用FLUENT进行数值计算,分别讨论了...     

循环流化床气固流动行为的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,在Fluent数值模拟平台上对循环湍动流化床进行了研究。采用Gidaspow模型分段描述密相湍动和稀相循环输送区气固的相互作用,考察了反应器内压力、颗粒浓度等气固湍动特性参数的变化。计算流体力学(CFD)的模拟结果表明:反应器中压力分布较为均匀;固体颗粒相和气体相间隙成絮状分布,在轴向中心区域颗粒浓度分布较为均匀;边壁区域颗粒浓度变化较大,存在强烈的气固相互作用。     

循环流化床锅炉数值模拟研究进展

对国内外研究者在CFB锅炉气固流动特性、炉内燃烧及污染物排放特性等不同实际问题开展的数值模拟研究进行了总结,主要对气固两相流、传热、煤颗粒燃烧和S、N污染物生成与控制几个部分的数值模型进行归纳整理,并将各部分模型与煤粉锅炉数值模型进行了比较.此外,从锅炉冷态数值模拟时的气固流动特性和热态数值模拟时的燃烧和污染物排放特性...     

流化床气固流动二维数值模拟

为了获得流化床中床层在不同气速下的流动特性,根据某一生物质发电厂中的HX220/9.8-IV1型纯烧生物质的循环流化床锅炉进行二维建模,通过FLUENT软件对床层冷态流态化进行二维数值模拟,调整一二次风入口风速以获得不同的表观气速,得到了鼓泡床、湍动床以及快速床的气固流动状态,并在快速床的基础上模拟了床层在气流作用下的稀相输送状态。模拟结果清晰展示了各个状态下的床层颗粒的分布情况。     

流化床换热器中液固两相流传热的数值模拟

在循环流化床换热器的流体中加入固体粒子,可以对边界层有扰动作用,加快换热器中的传质与传热,对流化床换热器中的液固两相的传质及传热进行数值模拟,建立了液-固两相流控制方程,通过FLUENT进行数值计算.计算结果表明:随着热通量的增加,流场的速度、湍流强度和壁温均升高.计算结果与试验结果一致.     

单孔射流流化床内颗粒混合特性的数值模拟

在欧拉-拉格朗日坐标系下,采用离散单元法对单孔射流流化床内颗粒混合特性进行了数值模拟。引入混合指数对床内轴向及径向布置的颗粒混合质量进行定量分析,并研究了不同表观气速、不同弹性系数对颗粒混合特性的影响。模拟得到了颗粒轴向及径向混合序列图、气体和颗粒速度分布、整床颗粒混合指数分布、参量变化时整床颗粒混合指数分布。结果表明：流化床床层内颗粒混合速度受颗粒内循环能力和颗粒扩散能力的综合作用。单口射流喷动流化床颗粒轴向混合速度主要由颗粒内循环速度决定,颗粒径向混合速度主要由颗粒扩散能力决定。表观气速增大时,颗粒内循环速度增加,从而加快了颗粒轴向混合进程,但对颗粒径向混合影响微弱;弹性系数增大时,颗粒混合速度及混合质量均下降,并且弹性系数增大对颗粒径向混合进程影响小于颗粒轴向混合。     

Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed

The prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed was performed. The Geldart group A and C particles were used as the fluidizing particles. The method based on Ergun equation was used to predict the minimum fluidization velocity. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data.The calculated results of minimum fluidization velocity are in good agreement with experimental data for Geldart group A particles. For group C particles, the difference between the calculated results and experimental data is large because of the formation of agglomerates. In this case, the determination of agglomerate diameter is considered to be necessary to predict the minimum fluidization velocity.     

Dynamics of segregation and fluidization of binary mixtures in a cylindrical fluidized bed

Dynamics of segregation and fluidization of unary particles and binary mixtures in a cylindrical fluidized bed is investigated using temporally– and spatially–resolved measurements of solids volume fraction (α_s) performed using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). Through the comparison with high-speed imaging, we have shown that ECT can be used to measure the segregation behavior in cylindrical fluidized beds quantitatively. ECT measurements have been used further to quantify the effects of mixture composition, particle–diameter ratio, and superficial gas velocity on the bed segregation behavior. Dynamics of fluidization behavior is characterized using the time–evolution of local α_s fluctuations, corresponding frequency distribution, and bubble size distribution. Further, a relation between the measured variance of α_s fluctuations at different radial locations and corresponding flow structures under different fluidization conditions is established. The present work helps to understand dynamics of segregation and fluidization of binary mixtures and to provide a database for validation of Eulerian multifluid CFD models.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a horizontal rotating fluidized bed

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of a horizontal rotating fluidized bed (RFB) containing glass bead particles (d_s = 82 μm, ρ_s = 2450 kg/m³) and washed alumina (d_s = 89 μm, ρ_s = 1550 kg/m³) were performed. FLUENT 6.1 software was used to carry out our simulation. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data of Qian and Pfeffer et al. [G.H. Qian, I. Bagyi, I.W. Burdick, R. Pfeffer, H. Shaw, Gas-Solid Fluidization in a Centrifugal Field.” AIChE J. 47 (5) (2001) 1022-1034]. The rotating speed of the RFB was set at 325 rpm (34 rad/s), which is equivalent to a centrifugal acceleration of 7 g.The flow behavior of the solid particles was analyzed; the bed thickness and the calculated pressure drop were compared with the experimental results. Our calculated pressure drop agreed very well with the experimental results.     

快速流化床颗粒团絮特征的MP-PIC数值模拟

为了研究快速流化床颗粒的团絮特征,建立了基于多相质点网格法的快速流化床气固多相流三维数理模型,气相场采用大涡湍流模型,通过求解牛顿运动方程得到颗粒相运动信息,气固间相互作用力采用Gidaspow曳力模型,固体间作用力通过计算颗粒应力梯度得到。基于该模型,对三维快速流化床上升管（H=3 m、d=0.1 m）气固流动开展了数值模拟,并与实验进行了校正,研究了在气速工况U_g=5.28 m·s^-1下的颗粒（ρ_p=2650 kg·m^-3、d_p=250 mm）团絮性质,实现了对上升管内颗粒团絮的基本类型（条形团絮、马鞍形团絮、U形团絮）的成功预测,并揭示了不同类型团絮在上升管内形成、发展、聚并直至破碎的演化规律。结果表明,上升管径向颗粒团絮的平均颗粒浓度分布呈现中间低两边高的环核结构,颗粒团絮速度的分布与其相反;随着轴向高度的增加,颗粒团絮的颗粒浓度逐渐降低而速度逐渐增加,但达到一定高度后变化减缓。     

气固循环流化床全回路数值模拟研究进展

气固循环流化床具有良好的混合、传热、传质、反应特性,同时还具有处理量大、可连续生产等优点,在众多领域均有广泛应用。气固循环流化床是一个由多个单元连接组合形成的循环回路,各单元间相互耦合、相互影响。对整个循环流化床系统进行全回路数值模拟,不仅能够获得更全面和详实的结果,而且在揭示系统流动规律和探究各单元内、单元间、单元与系统间的相互作用上具有独特优势。近十年来,以气固循环流化床全系统为模拟对象的全回路数值模拟研究逐渐兴起。本文对气固循环流化床全回路数值模拟方法的研究进展进行综述,对该方法的应用情况进行详细介绍,并对方法中采用的模型及相应特点进行逐一分析。循环流化床全回路系统同时存在多种流态,有待于建立适用于全回路系统的多流态物理模型（气固曳力模型与固相应力模型）。随着计算能力的提高以及物理建模的不断发展,全回路模拟方法将不断完善并发挥出更大的作用。     

Fluidization of micronic particles in a conical fluidized bed: Experimental and numerical study of static bed height effect

The numerical simulations and experimental data of bed hydrodynamics in a conical fluidized bed unit are compared. Experimental studies have been carried out in a bed containing TiO₂ particles belonging to A/C boundary of Geldart's classification with a wide particle‐size distribution. Thus, pressure measurements and an optical fiber technique allowed determining the effect of static bed height on the fluidization characteristics of micronic particles. Numerical simulations have then been performed to evaluate the sensitivity of gas‐solids drag models. The Eulerian multiphase model has been used with different drag models and three boundary conditions (BC) consisting of no‐slip, partial‐slip, and free‐slip. The numerical predictions using the Gidaspow drag model and partial‐slip BC agreed reasonably well with the experimental bed pressure drop measurements. The simulation results obtained for bed expansion ratio show that the Gidaspow model with the free‐slip BC best fit with the experimental data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Particle‐resolved direct numerical simulation of gas–solid dynamics in experimental fluidized beds

Particle‐resolved direct numerical simulations (PR‐DNS) of a simplified experimental shallow fluidized bed and a laboratory bubbling fluidized bed are performed by using immersed boundary method coupled with a soft‐sphere model. Detailed information on gas flow and individual particles’ motion are obtained and analyzed to study the gas–solid dynamics. For the shallow bed, the successful predictions of particle coherent oscillation and bed expansion and contraction indicate all scales of motion in the flow are well captured by the PD‐DNS. For the bubbling bed, the PR‐DNS predicted time averaged particle velocities show a better agreement with experimental measurements than those of the computational fluid dynamics coupled with discrete element models (CFD‐DEM), which further validates the predictive capability of the developed PR‐DNS. Analysis of the PR‐DNS drag force shows that the prevailing CFD‐DEM drag correlations underestimate the particle drag force in fluidized beds. The particle mobility effect on drag correlation needs further investigation. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1917–1932, 2016     

稠密气固两相流动的颗粒二阶矩方法及鼓泡床流化特性的模拟

采用颗粒动理学方法,考虑颗粒速度脉动各向异性,建立颗粒相二阶矩模型。应用初等输运理论,对三阶关联项进行模化和封闭。考虑颗粒与壁面之间的能量传递和交换,建立颗粒相边界条件模型。数值模拟鼓泡流化床内气固两相流动特性,模拟结果表明鼓泡流化床内颗粒相湍流脉动具有明显的各向异性。预测颗粒速度与Muller等和Yuu等实测结果相吻合。预测颗粒脉动速度二阶矩与Muller等实验结果变化趋势相同。统计得到的固相雷诺应力型二阶矩与Muller等实测颗粒脉动速度二阶矩和Yuu等实测颗粒脉动速度相吻合。