注塑充填过程变厚度截面速度压力场数值模拟

采用有限元法,对注塑充填过程中“凸”型和“刀”型塑件截面的速度场和压力场进行数值模拟。通过结果分析得出：广义Hele-Shaw流动假设在熔体前沿部分不合理,在塑件截面突变处Hele-Shaw假设也失效,尤其在突变的较宽截面处误差更大。     

水平铜板表面液滴冻结过程的数值模拟

为了探究水平铜板表面温度和液滴体积大小对液滴冻结过程的影响规律,以及冻结过程中液滴内部固液相界面变化和温度场分布,文中基于能量守恒原理,建立了单个静止液滴冻结的数值模型进行模拟研究.研究结果表明:液滴冻结过程中,固液相界面呈凹型状态;随着液滴冻结的进行,固液相界面推进速度呈先快后慢的变化趋势,模拟结果和对应的实验数据吻...     

三相流化床反应器流体流动的数值模拟

从最早的一维分散模型到目前普遍应用于气液固三相流流态化的二维双流体模型以及气液固三流体模型 ,该文对气液固三相流流动的模拟理论作了综述。对三相流化床反应器的设计和预测放大起着直接指导作用     

固液两相叶片圆盘泵蜗壳内流动数值模拟

为研究叶片圆盘泵蜗壳内固液两相流动规律,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent对模型泵内部的固液两相湍流进行数值模拟。通过对叶轮无叶区和叶片区所对应蜗壳截面速度、压力和颗粒体积分数分布的比较分析。得到了能够反映叶片圆盘泵工作特点的蜗壳内固液两相流动特征。     

循环流化床气固流动行为的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,在Fluent数值模拟平台上对循环湍动流化床进行了研究。采用Gidaspow模型分段描述密相湍动和稀相循环输送区气固的相互作用,考察了反应器内压力、颗粒浓度等气固湍动特性参数的变化。CFD的模拟结果表明反应器中压力分布较为均匀;固体颗粒相和气体相间隙成絮状分布,在轴向中心区域颗粒浓度分布较为均匀;边壁区域颗粒浓度变化较大,存在强烈的气固相互作用。     

基于CPFD方法的甲烷无氧芳构化流化床反应器数值模拟

基于计算颗粒流体力学(CPFD)方法对甲烷无氧芳构化催化反应/催化剂再生系统中的流化床反应器进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行比较,验证了CPFD模拟的可行性.通过模拟得到了反应器内整体气固流动状态、气相各组分浓度分布及催化剂积碳含量分布等,考察了不同操作条件如甲烷进料流量及反应器内催化剂存留量对气固两相流动及甲烷无氧芳构化反应性能的影响.结果表明,甲烷进料流量增加会降低甲烷转化率,提高芳烃选择性;反应器内催化剂存留量增加会加剧床内气固两相的返混程度,提高甲烷转化率,降低芳烃选择性.     

循环流化床锅炉数值模拟研究进展

对国内外研究者在CFB锅炉气固流动特性、炉内燃烧及污染物排放特性等不同实际问题开展的数值模拟研究进行了总结,主要对气固两相流、传热、煤颗粒燃烧和S、N污染物生成与控制几个部分的数值模型进行归纳整理,并将各部分模型与煤粉锅炉数值模型进行了比较.此外,从锅炉冷态数值模拟时的气固流动特性和热态数值模拟时的燃烧和污染物排放特性...     

循环流化床换热器中液固二相流的数值模拟

在循环流化床换热器的流体中加入固体粒子,可以对边界层有扰动作用,加快换热器中的传质与传热.对流化床换热器中的液固二相进行数值模拟,分别讨论了固体粒子对液体动量方程、k-ε方程及能量方程的影响,在单液相方程的基础上进行修正,建立了相应的液固二相流控制方程,确定了物理模型及边界条件.利用FLUENT进行数值计算,分别讨论了...     

循环流化床气固流动行为的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,在Fluent数值模拟平台上对循环湍动流化床进行了研究。采用Gidaspow模型分段描述密相湍动和稀相循环输送区气固的相互作用,考察了反应器内压力、颗粒浓度等气固湍动特性参数的变化。计算流体力学(CFD)的模拟结果表明:反应器中压力分布较为均匀;固体颗粒相和气体相间隙成絮状分布,在轴向中心区域颗粒浓度分布较为均匀;边壁区域颗粒浓度变化较大,存在强烈的气固相互作用。     

流化床气固流动二维数值模拟

为了获得流化床中床层在不同气速下的流动特性,根据某一生物质发电厂中的HX220/9.8-IV1型纯烧生物质的循环流化床锅炉进行二维建模,通过FLUENT软件对床层冷态流态化进行二维数值模拟,调整一二次风入口风速以获得不同的表观气速,得到了鼓泡床、湍动床以及快速床的气固流动状态,并在快速床的基础上模拟了床层在气流作用下的稀相输送状态。模拟结果清晰展示了各个状态下的床层颗粒的分布情况。     

Prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed

The prediction of minimum fluidization velocity for vibrated fluidized bed was performed. The Geldart group A and C particles were used as the fluidizing particles. The method based on Ergun equation was used to predict the minimum fluidization velocity. The calculated results were compared with the experimental data.The calculated results of minimum fluidization velocity are in good agreement with experimental data for Geldart group A particles. For group C particles, the difference between the calculated results and experimental data is large because of the formation of agglomerates. In this case, the determination of agglomerate diameter is considered to be necessary to predict the minimum fluidization velocity.     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a horizontal rotating fluidized bed

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of a horizontal rotating fluidized bed (RFB) containing glass bead particles (d_s = 82 μm, ρ_s = 2450 kg/m³) and washed alumina (d_s = 89 μm, ρ_s = 1550 kg/m³) were performed. FLUENT 6.1 software was used to carry out our simulation. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data of Qian and Pfeffer et al. [G.H. Qian, I. Bagyi, I.W. Burdick, R. Pfeffer, H. Shaw, Gas-Solid Fluidization in a Centrifugal Field.” AIChE J. 47 (5) (2001) 1022-1034]. The rotating speed of the RFB was set at 325 rpm (34 rad/s), which is equivalent to a centrifugal acceleration of 7 g.The flow behavior of the solid particles was analyzed; the bed thickness and the calculated pressure drop were compared with the experimental results. Our calculated pressure drop agreed very well with the experimental results.     

Fluidization of micronic particles in a conical fluidized bed: Experimental and numerical study of static bed height effect

The numerical simulations and experimental data of bed hydrodynamics in a conical fluidized bed unit are compared. Experimental studies have been carried out in a bed containing TiO₂ particles belonging to A/C boundary of Geldart's classification with a wide particle‐size distribution. Thus, pressure measurements and an optical fiber technique allowed determining the effect of static bed height on the fluidization characteristics of micronic particles. Numerical simulations have then been performed to evaluate the sensitivity of gas‐solids drag models. The Eulerian multiphase model has been used with different drag models and three boundary conditions (BC) consisting of no‐slip, partial‐slip, and free‐slip. The numerical predictions using the Gidaspow drag model and partial‐slip BC agreed reasonably well with the experimental bed pressure drop measurements. The simulation results obtained for bed expansion ratio show that the Gidaspow model with the free‐slip BC best fit with the experimental data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

A model for the pressure balance of a low density circulating fluidized bed

The pressure balance along the solid circulation loop of a circulating fluidized bed equipped with a solid flux regulating device has been modelled and the influence of the pressure balance on the riser behaviour has been predicted.The solid circulation loop has been divided into many sections, where the pressure drop was calculated independently: riser, cyclone, standpipe, control device and return duct. A new theoretical model, that is able to predict the pressure losses in the return path of the solid from the standpipe to the riser, has been built. A new correlation for cyclone pressure loss with very high solid loads has been found on the basis of experimental data.The pressure loss in the riser has been calculated by imposing the closure of the pressure balance, ΣΔP = 0. Once the riser pressure drop had been calculated, the holdup distribution along the riser was obtained by imposing a particular shape of the profile, according to the different fluid-dynamics regimes (fast fluidization or pneumatic transport). In the first case, an exponential decay was imposed and the bottom holdup was adjusted to fit the total pressure drop, in the second case, the height of the dense zone was instead varied.The experimental data was used to develop the sub-models for the various loop sections have been obtained in a 100 mm i.d. riser, 6 m high, CFB. The solid was made of Geldart B group alumina particles. The tests were carried out with a gas velocity that ranged between 2 and 4 m/s and a solid flux that ranged between 20 and 170 kg/m²s. A good agreement was found between the model and experimental data.     

Development of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer

A new fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer (FB‐TGA) was developed that introduces two major particularities: the pseudo variation of the weight of the reactor and the special strategy for gas flow rate adjustment according to temperature. A momentum balance was performed on the reactor and the pseudo variation of the reactor weight was evaluated by measuring the pressure drop through the gas distributor and filter. The real weight loss of the reactor was obtained by subtracting the pseudo variation of the weight from the total weight loss measured by the load cell. In addition, a special program for the gas flow rate as a function of temperature was developed and used; so the minimum fluidization regime is maintained throughout all of the experiments. The validation test of the FB‐TGA was carried out on calcium hydroxide decomposition, and the results were compared with those obtained from the conventional TGA. Diffusion control was suppressed by the application of the FB‐TGA, which was confirmed by the x‐ray diffraction analysis on the treated samples. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 84–89, 2015     

流化床燃烧脱硫模型及速度场模拟的研究

在流化床燃烧脱硫的基础上,分析流化床燃烧脱硫的基本数学模型,同时采用FLU—ENT流体力学分析软件对流化床内的速度场进行了分析和数值模拟。最后得出随着高度的增加速度沿流化床径向的分布是越来越均匀的,在-26～26mm的范围内速度较为均一稳定的最佳条件。     

高温大颗粒气固流化床流化行为数值模拟

通过数值模拟,对内含直径为3 mm流化颗粒的二维高温流化床开展了研究。其中欧拉途径被用于描述气相运动,而对颗粒相描述则采用拉格朗日途径。采用离散单元法跟踪颗粒在不同时刻位置和速度。结果表明:与300K时相比,1 000 K高温床的临界流化风速有所提高,压降脉动及床层最大膨胀比明显降低。1 000 K时,流化数提高至1.67,高温床内可见到大尺寸的气泡。在气泡之外上、下2个区域中处于气泡对称轴上的颗粒,水平速度具有相反的方向;而y方向上,这二部分颗粒群的速度均向上并大致在10-1m/s范围之内。     

Hydrodynamics of erosion of heat exchanger tubes in fluidized bed combustors

The hydrodynamics of fluidization for two thin “two-dimensional” fluidized beds, one containing a centrally located rectangular obstacle and the other containing three square tubes roughly approximating a portion of a fluidized bed combustor (FBC), was solved using the FLUFIX/MOD2 computer program. The monolayer energy dissipation erosion model extended to include solids viscous stress was compared with the Finnie erosion model. The material properties of the eroding surface are introduced through the hardness for both erosion models. Hydrodynamic and erosion convergence studies were performed for the first bed. Computed erosion rates from the monolayer energy dissipation erosion model compare more favorably for both beds with available erosion data than those from the Finnie erosion model.     

Mixing and segregation in a liquid fluidized bed of particles with different size and density

Experimental studies have been carried out on fluidization of irregular particle mixtures of different size and density. The mixing and segregation phenomena could be interpreted on the basis of the diffusion model of Kennedy and Bretton. The dependence of computed particle dispersion coefficient on liquid velocity, particle density and size has been discussed.