应用PCR技术快速测定食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力

目的：采用PCR 技术准确、快速测定单核细胞增生李斯特菌(单增李斯特氏菌)分离株的毒力基因,鉴别强毒株和弱毒株或无毒株,以有效地限制李斯特氏菌病的传播。方法：以单增李斯特氏菌相关毒力基因(hly、plcB、inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ、prfA)设计引物,检测重庆市2007 - 2009 年分离的40 株单增李斯特氏菌分离株中的毒力基因携带率,并进行小鼠毒力实验。结果：40 株分离株中有15 株7 种毒力基因检测结果均为阳性,6 株hly 基因阴性,4 株plcB 基因阴性,4 株prfA 基因性,5 株inlA、inlB 基因阴性,11 株inlC 基因阴性,9 株inlJ基因阴性,1 株inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ 基因均为阴性。4 株分离株的毒力与标准菌株ATCC191161E 相当,小鼠LD50 在1.2 × 108～6.0 × 108CFU/mL 之间,为强毒株。筛选出弱毒株09-132,LD50 为1.7 × 1011CFU/mL。结论：重庆市存在发生李斯特菌食物中毒的潜在危险,内化素基因(inlA、inlB、inlC、inlJ)的缺失可能是导致菌株毒力降低的原因,而prfA 和plcB 基因与菌株毒力的相关性较小。     

台州市食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌分子特征研究

目的了解台州市食品中分离的单核细胞增生李斯特菌的血清型、毒力基因以及基因分型情况,建立食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌的分子特征本底信息,为食源性疾病的防治提供技术支持。方法对近几年从食品中分离的37株单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行多重PCR血清分型、9种毒力基因(prf A、inl A、inl B、iap、fla A、hly A、plc B、mpl和act A)PCR检测、PFGE基因分型,用Bio Numerics 6.6软件对分型数据进行聚类分析。结果 37株食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌的血清型以1/2a或3a型别为主;所有菌株均检出4种以上毒力基因,有15株菌携带所有9种毒力基因;37株菌经Apa I酶切PFGE分型后,共得到22种带型,每种带型包含1~5株不等,相似度区间为67%~100%。结论台州市食源性单核细胞增生李斯特菌存在致病流行风险,建立的指纹图谱数据库可为食源性疾病的防治提供技术支持。     

单增李斯特菌prfA基因缺失菌株的构建及其生物学特性鉴定

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)是一种风险较高的食源性致病菌,其绝大多数毒力基因的表达均受到由prfA基因编码的PrfA(positive regulatory factorA)蛋白全部或部分调控。使用同源重组的方法敲除Lm野生菌株EGDe的prfA基因,并通过测定生长曲线、毒力基因表达和侵袭Caco-2细胞能力等探讨单缺失菌株EGDe-ΔprfA生物学特性。通过测定生长曲线显示prfA敲除株和野生型EGDe二者生长状态无差异;运用实时定量荧光聚合酶链式反应检测EGDe-ΔprfA的主要毒力基因表达,结果显示plcA、plcB毒力基因的表达量分别上升至原来的2.5倍和2倍,inlA、inlB、inlC、actA、vip等均呈下降趋势,prfA基因表达量趋向于零;侵袭Caco-2细胞结果显示EGDe-ΔprfA侵袭数为野生株的1/5。该基因缺失菌株的构建及生物学特性研究对食源性致病菌EGDe致病机理研究具有重要意义并且提供了重要材料。     

二烯丙基二硫醚对单增李斯特菌毒力基因表达的影响

二烯丙基二硫醚(DADS)是一种典型的硫醚类香料。该类香料在抗菌消炎,提高机体免疫力,预防和治疗心血管疾病等保健及药理作用方面具有显著效果。而对其在食源性致病菌中的抑制作用及相关机理研究较少。四大食源性致病菌之一单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)容易感染食物而引发脑膜炎、败血症及孕妇流产等一系列恶性疾病。本研究以如何高效抑制单增李斯特的生长为出发点,以DADS为研究对象,采用微量肉汤稀释法初步筛选出其对单增能李斯特菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),利用RT-qPCR技术考察其对单增李斯特菌毒力基因inlA、hlyA、prfA表达的影响。结果表明:亚抑菌浓度下DADS均可显著抑制毒力基因inlA、hlyA、prfA的表达,且抑制作用呈现一定的浓度依赖性,hlyA及prfA对其作用更敏感。     

多重PCR-变性高效液相色谱快速检测单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因方法的建立

建立单增李斯特菌的多个靶基因快速检测手段,提高检测的准确性。方法 根据单增李斯特菌4个毒力基因(hly、prfA、inlA、inlB)设计引物,通过优化引物浓度和引物组合,进行多重PCR扩增,产物经变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)进行快速检测。结果 出峰顺序依次为inlB、hly、inlA、prfA,扩增片段大小为146、210、255、388bp,此方法具有良好的特异性,灵敏度可达到280cfu/ml。结论 本方法可以满足实际工作中食品微生物检测的要求。     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌菌株分型与其致病潜力基因相关性研究进展

单核细胞增生李斯特菌是一种常见的食源性致病菌,该菌分型繁多。不同分型的单核细胞增生李斯特菌致病潜力不同,这与菌株所携带的抗性基因和毒力基因不同有关。本文综述了不同分型单核细胞增生李斯特菌与抗性基因和毒力基因的关系,结果发现与该菌抗性相关的基因,如热抗性、耐冷性、酸抗性、耐高渗、耐干燥、耐金属和杀菌剂及参与应激蛋白表达调控的基因较多,它们与分型之间的关系暂无明确相关性结论,但也发现应激生存岛（stress survival island,SSI）-1仅存在于谱系I和谱系II部分菌株中,SSI-2目前仅被发现在ST121菌株中携带。从功能毒力基因和李斯特菌毒力基因岛（Listeria pathogenicity islands,LIPI）两方面分述了毒力基因,LIPI-3和LIPI-4主要存在于谱系I菌株中。此外,ST5、ST8、ST9和ST121菌株的inlA基因中出现提前终止密码子,使得菌株的毒力降低。研究不同分型单核细胞增生李斯特菌致病潜力基因的差异有助于单核细胞增生李斯特菌的预警预测、防控,并为不同分型菌株致病机制的深入研究提供参考。     

温州市单核细胞增生李斯特菌的毒力基因及血清学分型和分子分型研究

目的了解温州市近十年单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株的血清型、毒力基因及分子分型特征。方法用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行血清型及毒力基因检测;用多位点序列分型(MLST)方法对单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行分子分型,并绘制MLST数据的最小生成树。结果 97株单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株分为4种血清型,以血清型1/2b、1/2a为优势血清型,占比分别为48.45%(47/97)、35.05%(34/97);而毒力基因iap、prfA基因阳性率均为100.00%(97/97),hlyA、inlA基因阳性率均为97.94%(95/97),plcB基因阳性率为96.91%(94/97)。其中患者分离株5种毒力基因阳性率均为100.00%(6/6)。97株单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株得到20个MLST型别,其中ST87型是优势型别,其次为ST121和ST9,ST1和ST779型是患者特有的,ST2、ST3、ST5型分布于食品和患者分离株。结论温州市不同来源的单核细胞增生李斯特菌分离株分子型别呈多态性,食品和患者分离株存在相同的ST型,且这些菌株大部分携带毒力基因,具有潜在的致病性,因此食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染的潜在风险不容忽视。     

Genetic homogeneity among Listeria monocytogenes strains from infected patients and meat products from two geographic locations determined by phenotyping,ribotyping and PCR analysis of virulence genes

Thirty Listeria monocytogenes isolates from human patients and foods originated from two different geographic locations without any epidemiological relations were analyzed for their genotypic and phenotypic virulence gene expressions and genetic relatedness. All strains contained virulence genes, inlA, inlB, actA, hlyA, plcA and plcB, with expected product size in PCR assay except for the actA gene. Some strains produced actA gene product of 268 and others 385 bp. Phenotypically, all were hemolytic but showed variable expressions of phospholipase activity. Ribotyping classified isolates into 12 different groups based on the similarity to DuPont Identification numbers (DID), which consisted primarily of clinical or food isolates or both. Cluster analysis also indicated possible existence of clones of L. monocytogenes that are found in food or human hosts or are evenly distributed between these two. Two isolates (F1 from food and CHL1250 from patient) had unique ribotype patterns that were not previously reported in the RiboPrinter database. This study indicates distribution of diverse L. monocytogenes strains in clinical and food environments. The isolates showed 92-99% genetic homogeneity, in spite of their origins from two different geographic locations and environments.     

Toward an improved laboratory definition of Listeria monocytogenes virulence

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that encompasses a diversity of strains with varied virulence. The ability to rapidly determine the pathogenic potential of L. monocytogenes strains is integral to the control and prevention campaign against listeriosis. Early methods for assessing L. monocytogenes virulence include in vivo bioassays and in vitro cell assays. While in vivo bioassays provide a measurement of all virulence determinants of L. monocytogenes, they are not applied routinely due to their reliance on experimental animals whose costs have become increasingly prohibitive. As a low cost alternative, in vitro cell assays are useful for estimating the virulence of L. monocytogenes strains. However, these assays are often slow, and at times variable. Prior attempts to ascertain L. monocytogenes virulence by targeting virulence-associated proteins and genes have been largely unsuccessful, since many of the assay targets are present in both virulent and avirulent strains. Recent identification of novel virulence-specific genes (particularly internalin gene inlJ) has opened a new avenue for rapid, sensitive, and precise differentiation of virulent L. monocytogenes strains from avirulent strains. The application of DNA sequencing technique also offers an additional tool for assessing L. monocytogenes virulence potential. By providing an update on the laboratory methods that have been reported for the determination of L. monocytogenes pathogenicity, this review discusses future research needs that may help achieve an improved laboratory definition of L. monocytogenes virulence.     

单核细胞增生李斯特菌的毒力基因检测及PFGE分型的研究

目的了解福建省食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌携带hly、plcA、plcB和prfA毒力基因的情况及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)的分型情况。方法将hly、plcA、plcB和prfA基因作为靶序列选取4对引物,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测61株单核细胞增生李斯特菌和2株可疑单核细胞增生李斯特菌的毒力基因,用PulseNet单核细胞增生李斯特菌标准方法进行7株单核细胞增生李斯特菌的PFGE分子分型。结果61株单核细胞增生李斯特菌毒力基因为hly 、plcA 、plcB 和prfA ,2株可疑单核细胞增生李斯特菌的毒力基因分别为hly-、plcA 、plcB-、prfA-和hly-、plcA-、plcB-、prfA-。7株单核细胞增生李斯特菌的PFGE分为5个型。结论实验结果表明福建省食品中分离到的单核细胞增生李斯特菌均含有hly、plcA、plcB和prfA基因,属于致病株。对2株可疑单核细胞增生李斯特菌进行了进一步的鉴定,排除了单核细胞增生李斯特菌,该毒力基因检测方法可用于可疑单核细胞增生李斯特菌的进一步鉴别。7株菌中有两对2株PFGE型别一致,一致的菌株来自不同年份不同销售地点的同一品牌,应用PFGE方法可以进一步调查该厂冻鸡肉中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的传播途径和污染源。     

单增李斯特菌nox基因的克隆、表达以及功能

以Gen Bank中报道的单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)野生型菌株EGDe的nox基因(Gen Bank ID:986631)为研究对象,探讨在高等动植物中普遍存在的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶在Lm中是否也可以介导产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)。首先通过诱导nox基因在BL21中表达产生Nox蛋白,利用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和Western blot鉴定该蛋白质分子质量;然后构建过表达菌株EGDe-nox,测定ROS产生情况,并使用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应检测nox基因的过表达对Lm毒力基因表达的影响。结果表明,经鉴定Nox蛋白分子质量约为33 k D,过表达菌株EGDe-nox与对照组EGDe的ROS产生量相比并无多大变化,nox基因的过表达会导致与侵袭相关的基因act A、inlA和inlB以及毒力基因prfA的表达上调。由此推测,该Nox蛋白不能独立主导ROS的产量,但其过表达却可以增强毒力基因表达上调。本研究为继续探讨细菌中Nox的作用提供一定的参考依据。     

Detection of multiple virulence-associated genes in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from bovine mastitis cases

Clinical samples (n=725) were collected from bovines (n=243) which were positive for mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The clinical samples comprising blood (n=239), milk (n=243), and faecal swabs (n=243) were examined for the presence of pathogenic Listeria spp. Isolation of the pathogen was done using selective enrichment in University of Vermont Medium and plating onto Dominguez-Rodriguez isolation agar. Confirmation of the isolates was based on biochemical tests and Christie, Atkins, Munch-Petersen (CAMP) test followed by pathogenicity testing. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) assay as well as in vivo tests namely, chick embryo and mice inoculation tests. The isolates were subjected to PCR assay for five virulence-associated genes, plcA, prfA, hlyA, actA and iap. Listeria spp. were isolated from 12 (1.66%) samples. Of these 4 (0.55%) and 1 (0.14%) were confirmed as Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii, respectively. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii were recovered from milk samples (2) and faecal (3) of mastitic cattle (3) and buffaloes (2). L. monocytogenes recovered from the milk of mastitic cattle and L. ivanovii from the faecal swab of buffalo turned out to be pathogenic. However, the remaining three hemolytic isolates exhibiting positive CAMP test turned out to be negative in PI-PLC assay, chick embryo and mice inoculation. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii isolates characterized as pathogenic by PI-PLC assay and in vivo pathogenicity tests were found to possess all the five virulence-associated genes and three genes, plcA, prfA and actA respectively. The remaining three hemolytic but non-pathogenic L. monocytogenes isolates were negative for plcA by PCR. It seems that the plcA gene and its expression (in the PI-PLC assay) have an important role as virulence determinants in pathogenic Listeria spp. In conclusion, the PI-PLC assay and virulence genes targeted PCR (plcA, prfA and hlyA genes for L. monocytogenes and plcA, prfA and actA genes for L. ivanovii) hold a good promise as rapid and reliable in vitro alternatives to in vivo pathogenicity tests.     

单核增生性李斯特菌hly缺失菌株的构建及生物特性的初步鉴定

为研究单核增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)hly基因对毒力的影响,利用同源重组原理,使用穿梭载体,构建单核细胞增生性李斯特菌野生菌株EGD-e的hly基因缺失菌株EGD-eΔhly。细菌活性实验证明缺失菌株生长状态与亲本无差异,但EGD-eΔhly丧失溶血活性,细胞侵袭能力降低约90%,在10~7 cells/m L腹腔注射条件下不表现动物毒性。在转录水平上EGD-eΔhly的毒力基因inl C、prf A的表达量分别下降了81%和76%,act A、plc B的表达量分别提高了2.7倍和1.8倍。hly缺失菌株的成功构建及生物特性的初步研究结果为研究Lm致病机理提供依据。     

Virulence characterization and genotypic analyses of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food and processing environments in eastern China

In this study, twenty L. monocytogenes food-related isolates collected from eastern China Zhejiang province were compared by in vivo LD50 assays as well as in vitro cytopathic plaque forming assay. Nineteen L. monocytogenes isolates (19/20) were as virulent as reference strain 10403S, while the isolate M4 had low pathogenicity. The unique isolate M4 fell into lineage III based on the partial nucleotide variations of actA, while the other isolates belonged to the more common lineages I and II. L. monocytogenes isolates were grouped in 17 to 19 subtypes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI digestion, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on three virulence genes (actA, inlA and inlB) and four housekeeping genes (betL, dat, recA and sigB). The virulence genes based MLST had better discriminatory power than that targeting the housekeeping genes (0.990 vs 0.895), similar to PFGE (0.976). An isolate from the processing desk was found having the same pulsotype as the two isolates from final shrimp products in the same plant, indicating that process contamination could be the source of Listeria contamination.     

毒力因子InlA和InlB缺失影响单增李斯特菌侵袭宿主细胞和诱导凋亡的能力

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是一种毒力较强、人畜共患的食源性致病菌,其具有穿透宿主屏障、胞内寄生的特点,因而致死率较高,被其污染的食品容易引发严重的食品安全问题。本研究使用前期构建的LM重要的毒力因子内化素A(internalin A,InlA)和InlB基因缺失菌株,以人结肠癌腺细胞Caco-2和人肝癌上皮细胞Hep G2为研究对象,探究InlA和InlB缺失对LM侵袭宿主细胞和诱导细胞凋亡的影响。实验结果表明,InlA和InlB的缺失使LM侵袭宿主细胞的能力明显降低(P0.05),与野生株相比侵袭量下降超过50%,同时也降低了其诱导宿主细胞凋亡的能力(P0.05),与野生株相比凋亡细胞的比例下降幅度达到30%~50%。本实验确定了InlA和InlB在LM侵袭宿主细胞和诱导细胞凋亡的过程中具有重要的作用,有助于对LM的致病机理以及引起宿主相关免疫反应、诱导细胞凋亡相关分子机制的深入研究。     

苏州市食品中单增李斯特菌污染状况及分子特征分析

目的 研究2016—2020年苏州市各类食品中单增李斯特菌的污染状况及分子特征。方法 将采样食品按WS/T464—2015《食物成分数据表达规范》进行分类,计算各类食品污染率,通过聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)和凝胶电泳对毒力基因(inlA、inlB)和耐药相关基因(virR、dltA、dltB、dltC、dltD、mprF)进行检测,通过脉冲场凝胶电泳进行分子分型。结果 683件食品中共检出44件阳性样品,总体检出率6.4%。各类食品中以肉类食品的检出率最高(17.2%),肉类食品中以预制肉制品检出率最高(37.2%)。分离的44株单增李斯特菌毒力基因inlA携带率为100.0%,inlB携带率为97.7%,耐药相关基因virR、dltA、dltB、dltC、dltD、mprF的携带率分别为90.9%、100.0%、90.9%、100.0%、95.5%、97.7%。分离株的PFGE型别可分为11个基因型簇,相似度为53.3%～100.0%,有11组100.0%相似度的带型,其中有3组为同一时间,同一地点采集样品所分离菌株。结论 苏州市肉...