叔丁醇-水-氯化锂体系汽液平衡的测定

在１０１．３ｋＰａ下测定了叔丁醇－水－氯化锂体系在恒盐摩尔分率和饱和盐浓度下的汽液平衡数据。当盐摩尔分率为０．０５８８时，叔丁醇－水体系的共沸点消失。测定了几种盐在叔丁醇中的溶解度。用Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程、Ｍｏｔｏｙｏｓｈｉ方程和修正的Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程对实验数据进行了关联，其中修正的Ｆｕｒｔｅｒ方程关联结果较好，汽相组成平均偏差为０．００９３。     

乙醇-水-复合溶剂体系汽液平衡

用改进的Othmer汽液平衡釜测定了101 3kPa下乙醇-水-复合溶剂6个体系在不同溶剂比下的汽液平衡数据,6种复合溶剂为:乙二醇+氯化锂,乙二醇+氯化钙,乙二醇+醋酸钾,乙二醇+氯化锂+氢氧化钾,乙二醇+氯化钙+氢氧化钾,乙二醇+醋酸钾+氢氧化钾。并用Wilson模型和NRTL模型对实验数据进行了关联,结果良好,大部分体系汽相组成平均偏差小于0 02,泡点温度平均偏差小于1K。     

甲酸-水-甲酸戊酯体系的等压汽液平衡研究

用改进的Rose釜测定了101.325 kPa下甲酸-水、甲酸-甲酸戊酯、甲酸-水-甲酸戊酯体系的等压汽液平衡数据.考虑到甲酸在汽相中的缔合效应,用Hayden-O'connell关联式修正了汽相的非理想性,用非线性最小二乘法关联了甲酸-水和甲酸-甲酸戊酯体系的汽液平衡数据,获得了NRTL和UNIQUAC方程的模型参数.利用得到的二元体系NRTL模型参数,结合部分三元体系汽液平衡数据,关联得到水-甲酸戊酯体系的NRTL模型参数.由关联得到的三对二元NRTL模型参数预测部分三元体系汽液平衡数据,计算值与实验值基本吻合.     

水-乙酸-乙酸戊酯体系的等压汽液平衡

用改进的Rose釜测定了水-乙酸、乙酸-乙酸戊酯、水-乙酸-乙酸戊酯在101.33 kPa下的等压汽液平衡数据.考虑了乙酸在汽相中的缔合效应,用维里方程和Hayden-O’connell关联式修正了汽相的非理想性,用非线性最小二乘法关联了水-乙酸和乙酸-乙酸戊酯体系的汽液平衡数据,得出了NRTL和UNIQUAC方程的模型参数.用NRTL模型参数预测了三元汽液平衡数据,计算值与实验值吻合良好.     

氯仿－正丙醇及其含盐体系的汽液平衡

实验测定了在１０１．３ｋＰａ压力下氯仿－正丙醇、氯仿－正丙醇－氯化锂及氯仿－正丙醇－氯化钙体系的汽液平衡数据。用Ｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ方法对无盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验，并以ＶａｎＬａａｒ方程及Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程关联了无盐体系，结果较为满意。用汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了含盐体系在不同液相组成下的盐效应参数。提出了关联盐效应参数与液相组成的经验方程，并以经验方程及汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了平衡汽相组成，实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

氯仿－正丙醇及其含盐体系的汽液平衡

实验测定了在１０１．３ｋＰａ压力下氯仿－正丙醇、氯仿－正丙醇－氯化锂及氯仿－正丙醇－氯化钙体系的汽液平衡数据。用Ｈｅｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ方法对无盐体系的实验数据作了热力学校验，并以ＶａｎＬａａｒ方程及Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程关联了无盐体系，结果较为满意。用汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了含盐体系在不同液相组成下的盐效应参数。提出了关联盐效应参数与液相组成的经验方程，并以经验方程及汽液平衡盐效应方程计算了平衡汽相组成，实验值与计算值吻合较好。     

乙醇-水体系汽液平衡数据的测定与关联

用鼓泡平衡釜测定了乙醇-水系统在常压下的汽液平衡数据,用Wilson方程关联实验数据,实验数据计算值和测定值能较好的符合并得到了乙醇—水的模型参数,汽相组成平均偏差为-0.146(摩尔分数)。此外,还讨论了加入萃取剂对乙醇-水系统汽液平衡的影响。     

乙醇-苯-氯化钙体系汽液平衡

测定了兰州大气压下溶有不同浓度氯化钙的乙醇-苯体系的汽液平衡数据,以Furter拟二元体系模型处理溶盐三元体系,用Van Laar方程对数据进行了关联,得到较好的结果。     

醇-水-氯化锂体系汽液平衡

用改进的Othmer汽液平衡釜测定了 0 .1MPa下乙醇 /异丙醇 /正丙醇 -水 -氯化锂体系在不同恒盐摩尔分率下的汽液平衡数据 ,并用Mock模型、Sander模型、Macedo模型和Kikic模型对实验数据进行了关联 ,结果良好     

亚硝酸乙酯-乙醇-水三元体系汽液平衡的测定与关联

报道了一种测定汽液平衡的实验装置,在15.0℃～30.0℃的温度范围内测定了低压下亚硝酸乙酯──乙醇──水三元体系汽液平衡数据．并用NRTL方程进行了关联,计算值与实验值吻合较好．     

含盐溶液汽液平衡预测(Ⅰ)——Pitzer模型的扩展及其在多元体系中的应用

本文提出一种新的预测含盐溶液汽液平衡的方法.对Pitzer(1980)模型进行扩展后,将其简化成单参数形式,推广至多元电解质溶液;经过适当假定,得到计算含盐挥发性强电解质和水体系及含盐水醇体系的活度系数公式,这些公式仅含二元相互作用参数;由二元溶液的活度关联出该参数后,可用于含盐体系各种温度下汽液平衡的预测.关联了40个二元电解质水溶液及7个电解质甲醇溶液298.15K时的简化Pitzer方程的单参数;用以推算6个水盐体系和2个甲醇盐体系在320-403K的蒸汽压,得到满意的结果,182个数据点的平均偏差小于0.65kPa;用以预测5个不同类型的含盐三元体系的等温、等压汽液平衡,所得的平均偏差对于汽相组成、沸点、压力分别为0.015、1K和1.92kPa.     

丙醇－水／氯化钙体系汽液平衡测定和关联

利用改进的Ｏｔｈｍｅｒ釜测量了０．１０１３ＭＰａ下的ｎ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ／ＣａＣｌ２和ｉ－ＰｒＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ／ＯａＣｌ２体系恒定盐摩尔分率下ＶＬＥ数据。测定结果用优先溶剂化法、Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程及本文提出的Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程改进式进行了关联。其中Ｆｕｒｌｅｒ方程改进式关联结果较好，汽相组成平均偏差为０．０１２。     

离子液体对乙腈-水共沸物系汽液平衡的影响

选择离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（Bmin[Cl]）作为分离乙腈-水共沸物系的溶剂。在0.101MPa下测定了在离子液体Bmin[Cl]含量为10%、20%和30%时乙腈-水物系的汽液平衡数据。实验结果表明,离子液体Bmin[Cl] 可以提高乙腈对水的相对挥发度,离子液体Bmin[Cl]含量在20%以上时可以消除乙腈-水物系的共沸点。离子液体Bmin[Cl]可以用作分离乙腈-水物系的萃取剂。用改进的Furter方程对数据进行了关联,得到了离子液体Bmin[Cl]对乙腈-水物系的盐效应参数。     

Salting-out effect of ionic liquids on isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of acetonitrile-water system☆

This paper presents the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of acetonitrile–water system containing ionic liquids (ILs) at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa). Since ionic liquids dissociate into anions and cations, the VLE data for the acetonitrile+water+ILs systems are correlated by salt effect models, Furter model and improved Furter model. The overall average relative deviation of Furter model and improved Furter model is 5.43%and 4.68%, respectively. Thus the salt effect models are applicable for the correlation of IL containing systems. The salting-out effect theory can be used to explain the change of relative volatility of acetonitrile–water system.     

Experimental results for the vapor–liquid equilibria of (formaldehyde+1,3,5-trioxane+methanol+salt+water) systems and comparison with predictions

The salt effect on the vapor–liquid phase equilibrium (VLE) of solvent mixtures is of significant interest in the industrial production of 1,3,5-trioxane. Experimental data for the VLE of quinary systems (formaldehyde + 1,3,5-trioxane + methanol + salt + water) and their ternary subsystems (formaldehyde+salt+water), (1,3,5-trioxane+salt+water), and (methanol+salt+water) were system-atic measured under atmospheric pressure. The salts considered included KBr, NaNO3, and CaCl2. The extended UNIFAC model was used to describe the VLE of the salt-containing reactive mixtures. The model parameters were determined from the experimental VLE data of ternary systems or obtained from the literature, and then were used to predict the VLE of systems (1,3,5-trioxane + KBr + water), (methanol+KBr+water), (formaldehyde+KBr+water), and (formaldehyde+1,3,5-trioxane+methanol+salt+water) with salt=KBr, NaNO3, and CaCl2. The predicted results showed good agreements with the measured results. Furthermore, the model was used to uncover the salt effect on the VLE of these multi-solvent reactive systems.     

异丙醇-水-含盐复合溶剂体系汽液平衡

用改进的Othmer汽液平衡釜测定了101．3kPa下异丙醇-水-含盐复合溶剂体系在三个不同溶剂比(1：1,0．5：1,2：1)下的汽液平衡数据,选定的6种复合溶剂是乙二醇 氯化锂,乙二醇 氯化钙,乙二醇 醋酸钾,乙二醇 氯化锂 氢氧化钾,乙二醇 氯化钙 氢氧化钾和乙二醇 醋酸钾 氢氧化钾。汽液平衡实验结果表明,所选的6种含盐复合溶剂均能显著提高异丙醇-水的相对挥发度,其中含氯化锂复合溶剂效果明显优于其他溶剂。用Wilson模型和NRTL模型对实验数据进行了关联,汽相组成平均偏差(△ym）小于022,温度平均偏差(△Tm)小于0．65K。     

含CaCl2的乙酸2-甲基-1-丁酯溶液饱和蒸汽压的测定及关联

The CaCl2 solubility in 2-methyl-butanol acetate and the vapor pressure of 2-methyl-butanol acetate containing CaCl2 were measured in the range of 90-135°C and from very low salt concentration to saturation.The experimental data were correlated with two equations,a modified Antoine equation with the dissolved salt taken into account and a nonrandom two liquid-electrolyte(e-NRTL)model.Both models are in good agreement with the experimental data.This study provides essential physical data for further investigation of vapor-liquid equilibrium system containing salt.     

多元渗透维里方程通式的表达：双水相系统的液液平衡计算

提出了基于三元系修正Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ模型的多元渗透维里方程通式，并应用于双水相系统液液平衡性质的关联和预测，用汽液平衡数据关联模型参数，预测了聚乙二醇／硫酸镁双水相系统的液液平衡；用汽液平衡数据和尽可能少的液液平衡数据关联模型参数。同时预测了焦点或不含电解质的ＰＥＧ／葡萄糖双水相系统的液液平衡和ＫＣｌ电解质在ＰＥＧ／ＤＥＸ系统中的分配系数。计算结果表明，模型有较好的预测功能。     

EFFECT OF DISSOLVED INORGANIC SALTS ON THE VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA AND ENTHALPY OF MIXING OF THE METHANOL-ETHYL ACETATE SYSTEM

The effect of three inorganic chloride salts, namely, sodium chloride, calcium chloride and zinc chloride on the vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) and heat of mixing (h.o.m) of the methanol-ethyl acetate system has been investigated under the atmospheric conditions of 760 ± 3 mm Hg pressure. In the experimentation for VLE a Smith and Bonner type equilibrium still was used while in h.o.m. determination a calorimeter connected to a microprocessor-based control unit (MIPROC) which displays digitally the heat of mixing values in calories was employed. All the three salts dissolved to various concentration levels in the solvent mixture brought about a decrease in the azeotropic composition (expressed in terms of mole fraction of methanol) from 0.75 to values like 0.50, 0.37 and 0.18 depending upon the salt added and its concentration level. The salts sodium chloride and calcium chloride which are more soluble in methanol have been found to salt-in that component but with a peculiarity in that, in methanol-rich region the salting-in effect was substantial while in the methanol-lean region it is only marginal. The addition of salt zinc chloride which is more soluble in ethyl acetate results in an anomalous behaviour.

As for the salt effect on h.o.m., the addition of calcium chloride brought about a significant enhancement in the h.o.m values while the salts sodium chloride and zinc chloride (which could be added only to about 5% by weight concentration due to the experimental difficulties) entailed a decrease and lateral shift respectively in the h.o.m. values.

The VLE and h.o.m data which were found to be thermodynamically consistent have been correlated respectively by NRTL, Wilson and by a model similar to the Scatchard series type equation.