焊丝成分对2519铝合金焊缝组织与性能的影响

采用ER4047焊丝及ER2319焊丝对2519铝合金进行熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG),并对焊接接头的力学性能和焊缝组织进行了分析.结果表明,用ER2319焊丝焊接的焊接接头的力学性能优于ER4047焊丝;ER2319焊丝细化了焊缝区的组织;2519铝合金焊接接头的抗拉强度低于母材,焊缝处是焊接接头的最薄弱环节,其次是焊接热影响区内的软化区,θ'相粒子受热影响而粗化是形成软化区的主要原因.     

新型9Cr-1Mo钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能

采用钨铼合金搅拌工具对新型9Cr-1Mo钢进行搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,探讨焊缝成形、组织及性能变化规律. 结果表明,在300和400 r/min的转速,50 mm/min的焊接速度下可获得无缺陷接头;焊缝主要由搅拌区和热力影响区组成,具有明显的马氏体淬硬组织特征;高温热影响区为淬硬马氏体和回火马氏体混合组织,低温热影响区为过回火马氏体组织. 焊缝区具有晶粒细化特征,其晶粒尺寸约为母材69.2%. 焊缝区产生明显硬化,最高硬度约为母材硬度值的2.0倍. 焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材98%以上,搅拌区和热影响区冲击吸收能量分别达到母材的77.8%和87.4%,表明搅拌摩擦焊接头仍具有较好强韧匹配.     

G115钢CMT + P焊接工艺及组织和性能

基于冷金属过渡加脉冲(CMT + P)的焊接方法,研究了新型回火马氏体耐热钢G115的焊接性以及焊接接头组织和性能. 结果表明,焊接接头经热处理后为回火马氏体组织,焊缝晶粒呈现出等轴晶和柱状晶两种不同的形貌,而焊接热影响区和母材晶粒均为等轴晶. 与焊条电弧焊(SMAW)相比,CMT + P焊接方法有效降低了热输入,大幅度减小了热影响区宽度,提高了焊接接头的拉伸性能和热影响区冲击韧性,焊接接头焊缝冲击韧性略有降低. 焊接接头的室温和高温拉伸断裂机理均为韧性断裂,室温拉伸断口的韧窝内存在一定量的析出相.     

CO_2激光焊接600MPa DP钢接头组织与性能

采用CO2激光对抗拉强度为600MPa,厚度1.4mm的DP钢进行焊接.研究焊接速度对焊缝外观和截面成形的影响、接头的组织特点、硬度、强度和成形能力.结果表明,激光功率相同,焊接速度较低时焊缝易产生气孔,焊接速度较高时易发生飞溅;焊接速度对焊缝熔深及熔宽也有影响.焊缝区组织主要由马氏体构成,从焊缝、焊接热影响区到母材,组织中马氏体含量下降,接头的最高硬度出现在焊缝或热影响区.在平行于焊缝方向,焊接接头的抗拉强度高于母材,垂直于焊缝方向,接头的抗拉强度与母材相当.由于焊缝出现马氏体组织,接头的塑性和韧性降低,板材的冲压成形能力下降.     

Nd:YAG激光焊接800 MPa TRIP钢的接头组织与性能

采用Nd:YAG激光对强度为800MPa,厚度为1.2mm的TRIP钢板进行焊接.研究焊接速度对焊缝外观和截面成形的影响及接头的组织特点、硬度、强度和成形能力.激光功率相同,焊接速度较低时焊缝易产生气孔,速度较高时易发生飞溅;焊接速度对焊缝熔深及熔宽也有影响.焊缝组织主要由马氏体构成,从焊缝、热影响区到母材,组织中马氏体含量下降,接头的最高硬度出现在焊缝或热影响区.在平行于焊缝方向,焊接接头的抗拉强度高于母材,垂直于焊缝方向,接头的抗拉强度与母材相当.由于焊缝中出现马氏体,接头的塑性和韧性降低,板材的冲压成形能力下降.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on combined girth welding of API X80 pipeline steel

Abstract

API X80 pipeline steel is widely used in natural gas and oil transportation. In this study, X80 pipeline steels with 18.4?mm thickness and 1219?mm diameter, made in China, were welded by a combined girth welding technology. Experimental results showed that microstructures in weld metal and coarse grain heat affected zone are mainly composed of coarsening bainite grains with dimensions of 20–50?μm, and Vickers hardness in weld seam is lowered by the seven-pass welding process. Simulated results illustrated that repeatedly thermal cycles imposed by the combined multipass girth welding process easily result in softened weld joints. The predicted microstructures, phase compositions and hardness in weld metal are in agreement with the measured ones. The results could be applied to optimise this combined girth welding process and improve the weld quality of API X80 pipeline steel and even higher grade pipeline steels.     

电站锅炉用HR3C新型奥氏体耐热钢的激光焊接

超(超)临界电站锅炉用新型铁素体、奥氏体耐热钢对传统焊接技术提出了挑战.激光焊接技术作为一种可靠高效的先进焊接方法,为此类钢的焊接提供了经济可行的解决办法.采用窄间隙激光填丝焊接技术,研究了10 mm厚HR3C新型奥氏体耐热钢管的激光焊接性,并对接头显微组织及高温持久强度进行了分析.试验采用3 500 W Slab CO2激光器,填充焊丝为T-HR3C.结果表明,通过优化激光焊接工艺参数,可以获得X射线探伤和渗透检验合格的焊接接头;焊缝具有明显的沿中心对称形态,以细小的柱状晶为主,混夹着少量细小的等轴晶;热影响区晶粒没有明显长大,焊缝与母材的显微硬度相当,没有明显的软化区;焊态下的激光焊接接头高温持久强度较固溶处理的热丝TIG焊接头有明显提高.     

00Cr12Ni双相组织不锈钢焊接接头区域特征与性能

采用熔化极活性气体保护焊(metal active gas arc welding, MAG焊)、等离子弧焊(plasma arc welding, PAW)和高频感应焊接方法获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织不锈钢00Cr12Ni的焊接接头,对其组织区域特征和力学性能进行了研究.典型的焊接接头热影响区(heat affected zone, HAZ)可分为晶粒粗大,铁素体为优势相的高温热影响区(high temperature heat affected zone, HTHAZ)和晶粒细小,马氏体为优势相的低温热影响区(low temperature heat affected zone, LTHAZ).通过测量实际焊接热循环曲线的方法确定了HTHAZ及LTHAZ的温度范围,并采用热模拟研究HAZ不同区域的力学性能.结果表明,HTHAZ的热循环峰值范围为1 200℃至熔点,晶粒粗大呈现为脆性;LTHAZ热循环峰值范围为800～1 200℃,室温组织为非平衡低碳板条马氏体,韧性较好,但低于0℃时呈脆性. MAG焊接头由于奥氏体焊缝为钟罩形,HAZ冲击试验时断面包括奥氏体焊缝,因此冲击性能较好;...     

铁素体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊工艺及缺陷形成机理

采用钨铼合金搅拌工具对T4003铁素体不锈钢进行搅拌摩擦焊接工艺试验,研究搅拌摩擦焊缝成形、接头组织特征及缺陷形成机理.结果表明,不同旋转速度下随焊接速度增加,轴向压力呈单调增加趋势;当转速为150,250 r/min时,可获得无缺陷致密焊缝;当转速为350 r/min时,靠近前进侧的焊缝区出现孔洞缺陷,随着焊接速度和轴向压力不断增加,焊接缺陷有减少趋势.焊接接头焊核区发生了相变和明显淬硬现象,组织为细小等轴铁素体和低碳马氏体,焊缝具有明显不均匀硬度分布.提出了一种焊缝热塑性金属平衡流动模型分析其缺陷形成机理.     

304不锈钢薄板列置双TIG高速焊缝组织与性能

相比常规速度不锈钢焊接,高速焊接过程中焊缝金属的凝固过程及组织形态将会发生变化,从而影响焊缝组织和性能. 对1.2 mm厚304不锈钢薄板对接,采用列置双TIG焊在焊接速度为3.0 m/min时获得了良好焊缝成形,并与常规速度单TIG焊接工艺相比,采用非标准拉伸试样测试了焊缝性能,并分析了其组织. 结果表明,高速双TIG焊接焊缝中心生成等轴晶,两侧树枝晶未形成对向生长的定向晶粒,焊缝抗拉强度及断后伸长率略低于母材;相比常规单TIG焊接工艺,高速双TIG焊接热影响区晶粒平均直径降低了10.3%,但焊缝中心晶粒平均直径增大了12.9%;焊缝抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别提高了4.3%和23.2%,焊缝中心硬度值略高于母材.     

Micro-mechanical properties of 2219 welded joints with twin wire welding

Nanoindentation method was adopted to investigate the distribution regularities of micro-mechanical properties of 2219 twin wire welded joints, thus providing the necessary theoretical basis and guidance for joint strengthening and improvement of welding procedure. Experimental results show that in weld zone, micro-mechanical properties are seriously uneven. Both hardness and elastic modulus distribute as uneven sandwich layers, while micro-mechanical properties in bond area are much more uniform than weld zone;In heat-affected zone of 2219 twin wire welded joint, distribution regularity of hardness is similar to elastic modulus. The average hardness in quenching zone is higher than softening zone, and the average elastic modulus in solid solution zone is slightly higher than softening zone. As far as the whole welded joint is concerned, metal in weld possesses the lowest hardness. For welded specimens without reinforcement, fracture position is the weld when tensioning. While for welded specimens with reinforcement, bond area is the poorest position with joint strength coefficient of 61%. So, it is necessary to strengthen the poor positions--weld and bond area of 2219 twin wire welded joint in order to solve joint weakening of welding this kind of alloy.     

Structural evolution of pulsed Nd-YAG laser welds of AISI 1006 steel

Abstract

Although correlations of welding parameters with the metallurgical features of conventional fusion welds in low carbon steels are well established, information on process–structure–property relationships associated with pulsed laser welds is more limited. This paper presents results on the characterisation of weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) microstructures observed in laser welded AISI 1006 steel. Pulsed Nd-YAG laser welds in the bead on plate configuration were used for this purpose, both in overlapping and non-overlapping bead configurations. As very rapid heating and cooling cycles occur during laser welding, the microstructures observed in the weld metal are the result of rapid solidification producing thin columnar austenite grains extending from the fusion boundary, which transform to martensite and bainite during fast cooling to ambient temperature. The HAZ structure in the base plate can also be rationalised in terms of the rapid thermal cycling experienced. The HAZ is narrow with the intercritical reheated subzone being dominant. As microstructural development has a critical effect on the mechanical properties of welds, microstructural characterisation plays an integral role not only in the understanding of pulsed laser welding, but also in the selection of optimum welding conditions for the material of interest.     

Diffusion bonding mechanism and microstructure of welded joint of aluminium matrix composite Al_2O_(3p),/6061

1INTRODUCTI0NAluminiummatrixcomp0site,thankstoitsoutstandingphysicalandmechanicalperfor-mance,hasattractedgreatattenti0nsfrommate-rialscientistsbothathomeandabroad.Especial-lytheparticlereinforcedaluminiummatrixcom-posites,c0st-effective,isotr0pical,wear-resis-tantandflexiblewithfunctionaldesign,havewideapplicationsinaerospaceandaviationstruc-turalcomponents.t.[1~6].Thestudy0nthewe1dabilityofaluminiummatrixcomp0sitesandweldingtechniqueisfarfromenough,comparedwiththeremarkableachievementson…     

焊接电流对Ti2AlNb/TC18焊接界面性能及元素扩散的影响

采用真空电子束焊接对Ti2AlNb和TC18合金进行连接,研究了不同焊接电流时焊接界面的性能及元素扩散情况。结果表明:焊接接头在室温和高温下均获得了较高的抗拉强度。采用同一电流焊接时,TC18侧热影响区的显微硬度值高于该合金基体却低于该侧焊缝区,而Ti2AlNb合金侧热影响区的显微硬度值均高于该侧焊缝区和Ti2AlNb合金基体;在28 mA的焊接电流下,焊接界面的整体显微硬度值均较高,这是因为焊接界面形成了含量较多且尺寸较小的α′马氏体和O相,对界面起到了强化作用。在不同的焊接电流下,合金元素均在焊缝和两侧母材交界处存在较大的浓度梯度,其原因是焊缝金属的快速凝固使得各合金元素没有足够的时间和能量进行充分扩散。     

超窄间隙焊接Q235/1Cr18Ni9Ti异种钢接头组织及力学性能

超窄间隙焊接厚壁异种钢具有高效、低成本、接头力学性能优良的独特优势.文中研究了Q235/1Cr18Ni9Ti异种钢超窄间隙焊接接头的微观组织及力学性能.结果表明,打底焊的熔池以FA模式凝固,凝固组织为细小的奥氏体等轴晶及少量枝晶状铁素体.填充焊和盖面焊在靠近熔合过渡区的熔池区域以AF模式凝固,凝固组织为奥氏体胞状晶及胞状晶间铁素体,在远离熔合过渡区的熔池区域则以FA模式凝固,凝固组织为奥氏体柱状树枝晶及少量骨架状铁素体.异种钢超窄间隙焊接接头的抗拉强度和弯曲性能优良,Q235一侧HAZ未出现软化,熔合过渡区及其一侧HAZ的韧性优于焊缝区.     

2519铝合金焊接接头的组织与性能

采用进4047焊丝对2519铝合金进行熔化极惰性气体保护焊(MIG),对焊接接头的力学性能和显微组织进行了研究.结果表明,2519铝合金焊接性能较好,由于热循环的作用,焊接接头的力学性能相对于基材发生了较大变化.2519铝合金焊接接头的力学性能低于基材的性能,焊缝处是合金接头的最薄弱环节,其次是焊接热影响区内的软化区,强化相粒子发生过时效而粗化是形成软化区的主要原因.     

PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性

为研究PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊接特性,对其进行了电子束焊接试验,分别对接头显微组织及力学性能进行了分析. 结果表明,PM-TZM钼合金电子束焊缝呈“钉状”几何特征,熔合线附近有链状气孔出现. 焊缝区由粗大的等轴晶及柱状晶组成,热影响区晶粒相比于母材明显长大. 接头各区域硬度值不同,焊缝区硬度与母材相当,硬度最低值出现在两侧热影响区.PM-TZM合金电子束焊接接头有较大的性能损失. 接头室温最高抗拉强度378 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的47%,1 000℃抗拉强度168 MPa. 接头拉伸断裂均发生于焊缝区,呈典型的脆性解理断裂特征.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料氦-氩混合气体TIG焊研究

以氦-氩混合气体为保护气氛,采用填加铝硅焊丝的方法对SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料进行了TIG焊的研究.获得良好焊逢的最佳工艺参数为:焊接电流60A,氦-氩混合气体流量115 mL/s,焊接速度3.2 mm/s.金相组织观察表明,焊缝区全部由均匀细小的等轴晶组成,热影响区组织较粗大.焊件的抗拉强度为母材的70%左右,断裂发生在热影响区,属于韧-脆混合断裂.     

Residual stress and softening in welded high-strength low-alloy steel with a buffering layer

Welding residual stresses, Vickers hardness and microstructure of welded high-strength low-allow steel, known for high strength and low carbon content, were studied under the following conditions: as-received high-strength low-alloy steel, welded high-strength low-alloy steel without a buffering layer, and welded high-strength low-allow steel with various thickness buffering layer. A soft buffering layer with a modest thickness between the parent metal and the weld metal could be incorporated to welded high-strength low-alloy steel to effectively reduce the widths of tensile residual stress zone and welding softening zone, to change the residual stress (in y-direction) nature at the weld root from tensile to compressive, and to refine the grains of the welded high-strength low-alloy steel. The width of the tensile residual stress (in x-direction) zone was approximately equivalently to that of the welding softening zone for those welded high-strength low-alloy steel with and without buffering layers.     

铝合金激光-多股绞合焊丝MIG复合焊接头组织与性能分析

选用1 × 3结构的ER5356铝合金多股绞合焊丝,进行5A06铝合金激光-多股绞合焊丝MIG复合焊对接试验,通过金相、扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、拉伸和硬度测试等方法对20 mm厚焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能相关性进行分析. 结果表明,铝合金激光-多股绞合焊丝MIG复合焊工艺性较好,焊缝主要由α(Al)基体和弥散分布的Al₃Mg₂第二相组成,焊缝中心区以等轴晶为主,晶粒的平均尺寸为34.83 μm;热影响区晶粒细小,存在回复再结晶,晶粒的平均尺寸为10.21 μm. 焊接接头硬度在75 ~ 90 HV之间,其中熔合区硬度值最低,为母材硬度值的84.6 %;焊接接头平均抗拉强度292 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的84 %,拉伸试件断口断裂位置为熔合区附近,呈现出韧性断裂特征.